Pakistan's territorial waters and exclusive economic zone have expanded after the UN accepted Pakistan's claim to extend its continental shelf limits farther from shore. Pakistan's offshore territory will now grow by 50,000 square kilometers beyond the standard 200 nautical mile limit. This allows Pakistan access to additional natural resources in that maritime zone under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. The document also discusses Pakistan's borders with neighboring countries and defines key terms related to maritime boundaries.

7.  The dynamic, integrated management of air traffic and airspace including
air traffic services, airspace management and air traffic flow management
— safely, economically and efficiently — through the provision of
facilities and seamless services in collaboration with all parties and
involving airborne and ground-based functions.
 Pakistan shares its borders with four neighboring countries –
Afghanistan, China , India, and Iran – adding up to about 6,975 km (4,334.1
mi) in length (excluding the coastal areas). Pakistan definitely
borders Afghanistan at the Durand Line, 2,250 km (1,398.1 mi), which runs
from the Hindu Kush and the Pamir Mountains.
 Territorial waters, or a territorial sea, as defined by the 1982 United Nations
Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of
coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) from the
baseline (usually the mean low-water mark) of a coastal state. To the south is
the Arabian Sea, with 1,046 km of Pakistani coastline
 International boundary : The demarcated line between India and Pakistan
recognized internationally. Sir Cyril Radcliffe demarcated in 1947.

8.  AIR SPACE MANAGEMENT OF PAKISTAN
(PAKISTAN AIR FORCE)
“Ensure unhindered use of own airspace in
horizontal and vertical plane, so as to, allow
liberty of movement, to all friendly airborne
objects with minimum risk of fratricide”

9.  National Air Defense is the responsibility of Pakistan Air
Force
 PAF undertakes the airspace management of Pakistan
during peace and war
 ASM is a complex process but essential during peace and
war
 Chief of the Air Staff is the overall Air Defense
Commander
 All resources allocated for the ASM of Pakistan are under
the control of Chief of the Air Staff

10.  Air Defense Operations Centre is the highest operational echelon
for airspace management
 Under the Air Defence Operation Centre, the entire airspace is
decentralized into four sectors
 Each sector has a complete surveillance network to undertake ASM
 Airspace Management is carried out in three major tentacles
 Surveillance Network
 Identification
 Shooter Force

11.  Airspace management is conducted through round-the-clock
surveillance of all military and civil aircraft using Pakistan
Airspace
 Airspace management is performed with steps involving
Detection, Identification and Interception
 Detection of flying is conducted to conduct timely actions
against any invading aircraft through radar and visual means
 Identification of all aircraft using Pakistan airspace is done
by means including flight plan correlation, by getting an
aircraft airborne or visual recognition from the ground
 Each aircraft using Pak airspace is required to be identified in
less than 02 minutes

12.  For identification fighter flying of the bases is coordinated
with Air Traffic Control
 Civil aviation authority ensures smooth management of civil
air traffic on domestic and international routes
 Civil airliners fly on a definite passage in the air known as
Air corridor / Air routes
 All civil flights are to obtain Air Defence Clearance least 15
minutes before entering Pakistan airspace
 Prior military clearance is mandatory for foreign military
aircraft

13.  Air Defence has dedicated shooter force comprising
of fighters to effectively employ it at own discretion
and plan to intercept any unknown aircraft
 The interceptor aircraft is positioned to visually or
electronically take up the shooting down of the hostile
aircraft entering Pakistan airspace

14.  An airspace management describes the intended
operations within airspace.
 Airspace concepts are developed to satisfy explicit
strategic objectives such as improved safety,
increased air traffic capacity and mitigation of
environmental impact etc.
 Airspace concepts can include details of the
practical organization of the airspace and its users
based on particular CNS/ATM assumptions, e.g.
ATS route structure, separation minima, route
spacing and obstacle clearance.
 Airspace management prevents mutual
interference from all users of the airspace,
facilitates air defense identification, and
accommodates the flow of all air traffic safely.

15.  Airspace policy is about the political framework and the legal
framework within which aviation activity occur. It is also about
ensuring that all users have access to airspace to perform their
operation, which is is nearly always a compromise. This then leads
on to the establishment of a certification and licensing regime which
are the strategic pre-requisites for any operations. Air Traffic
Management operates within this framework, focussing on ensuring
that aircraft movements operate safely and effectively for all
concerned.
 Aircraft operations cover a wide range and because of this a system
has evolved to segregate those with different aerial activities. This
system covers military and civil operations and can be vastly
different from one country to the next.
 At the highest level there is the interface between the various
countries and the establishment of different flight regions. This leads
on to classes of airspace for different kinds of operations and the
rules of the air by which pilots must comply

22.  CIVIL TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT
 MILITARY AIRCAFT
 UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICALS
 MISSILES AND ROCKET

26.  Read and learn all definitions for better
understanding and command of the subject.
 -------------------------------------------------------

27.  Present and Future CNS/ATM Systems
 Present Future
 Communications Domestic VHF/UHF Digital voice
communications
 Oceanic HF Digital data link
 Limited data link
 (mode-C, ACARS)
 Navigation Ground-based transmitters Satellite-based
 (VOR, NDB, ILS) Required Navigation
 Performance
 Surveillance Radar or position Automatic Dependent
 reporting Surveillance (satellite)
 Air traffic Controller interprets data, Computer makes short-term
 management then makes decisions aircraft separation decisions;
 controller manages airspace
Contengency;
 a future event or circumstance which is possible but cannot be
predicted with certainty.

28.  ISLAMABAD: Pakistan’s seabed territory grew by about 50,000 square kilometres
after a UN body accepted Islamabad’s claim for extension of sea limits.
 “On 19 March 2015, United Nations’ Commission on Limits of Continental Shelf
(UNCLCS) completed its review and accepted Pakistan’s claim for extension of its
continental shelf limits, thereby extending Pakistan’s sea limits from 200 nautical miles to
350 nautical miles,” Pakistan Navy’s media directorate said.
 Following the acceptance of the claim, Pakistan’s offshore territory of 240,000sqkm
would expand by another 50,000sqkm allowing the country to benefit from the natural
resources contained in it.
 An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a sea zone prescribed by the United Nations
Convention on the Law of the Sea over which a state has special rights regarding the
exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and
wind.
 Juridical Regime . Contiguous Zone 103 Chapter VI Contiguous Zone The contiguous
zone is an area seaward of the territorial sea in which the coastal State may exercise the
control necessary to prevent or punish infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration,
and sanitary laws and regulations that occur within its territory or territorial seal (but not
for so-called security purposes2 ). The contiguous zone is comprised of international
waters through which ships and aircraft, including warships and military aircraft, of all
nations enjoy the high seas freedoms of navigation and overflight.3


29.  Working boundary : the line between state of
Pakistan along sialkot and Indian held kashmir.
It is called a working boundary because on one
side is an internationally recognised land while
on the other is a disputed territory.
 LOC: Line of control is the boundary between
azad kashmir and jammu kashmir. It was
demarcated after simla pact in 1971. The line is
recognised between the contemporary states
but is considered disputed globally.