Changing Spectrum of Teaching and Research in Biosciences: From Watson-Crick to Biomes CONTENTS ▪ Land Marks- Milestones ▪ Cell Biology- Cellular forms ▪ Progression of the Dimensions ▪ Global VS India Scenario ▪ Metagenomics & Microbiomes ▪ Approaches-Data Acquisition-Analysis VS Generation of Knowledge-New Idea

1. Changing Spectrum of Teaching and Research in Biosciences:
From Watson-Crick to Biomes
Prof. Satya P. Singh
UGC BSR Faculty
(Formerly Professor & Head)
UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences
Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
Email: satyapsingh@yahoo.com satyapsingh125@gmail.com spsingh@sauuni.ac.in
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/satya-singh-2285a5144/
ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Satya_Singh5
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=jiAzOcgAAAAJ
UGC: https://vidwan.inflibnet.ac.in//profile/68903/Njg5MDM%3D
ORICID Id https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7531-2872

2. CONTENTS
▪ Land Marks- Milestones
▪ Cell Biology- Cellular forms
▪ Progression of the Dimensions
▪ Global VS India Scenario
▪ Metagenomics & Microbiomes
▪ Approaches-Data Acquisition-Analysis VS Generation
of Knowledge-New Idea

3. Microbes: The Master Chemists
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Pasteur
Watson &Crick
Genetic Engineering & Molecular
Biology
Microbes
Versatility
Diversity
Fast Growth
Easy to manipulate
Impact & Applications
Medicine : Disease, Vaccines,
Health& Hygiene
Agriculture: Soil Fertility& disease
Control
Industries : Production of value
based products
Environment : Monitoring &
Management

4. CELL TYPES
▪ Electron Microscopy
▪ Cellular Architecture: Eukaryotes VS Prokaryotes
▪ Compartmentalization & Multiplicity of the unit
membranes
▪ Archaea
▪ Organelles and Ultrastructure's

5. PROGRESSION OF DIMENSIONS IN
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
▪ Whole organisms- Fundamentals genetics
/Biochemistry
▪ Tissues
▪ Cell
▪ Organelles
▪ Molecular levels-Single gene/Single protein
▪ Cloning – Expression of Single gene
▪ Genomics Proteomics
▪ Metagenomics- Biomes

6. PROGRESSION OF DIMENSIONS IN BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCES
Global VS Indian Context
1960’s-70’s Biochemical VS Organismic
Enzymes-Kinetics-Metabolisms VS Whole organisms-growth-
Morphology-Anatomy
1980’s-90’s Cloning-Expression VS Biochemical
Cloning-Expression-Vectors-Host VS Enzymes-Kinetics-Metabolisms
2000’s Genomics-Proteomics-Structural Biology VS
Cloning-Expression
Genomics-Proteomics-Structural Biology-Eucaryotes as Host VS
Cloning-Expression-Prokaryotes Host-Single gene
Thereafter- Metagenomics- Microbiomes-Molecular Ecology

7. Domesticating Microorganisms
Newer Applications Got into the Way
•Understanding the fundamental Processes of Life ( Central
Dogma of Life)
•Ability to manipulate Genes and Genomes
Biological factories & Expression of Foreign Genes
•Tools to rapidly sequence the DNA and proteins
•Search for New Microbial Potential

8. Regulation: Biochemical/Molecular levels
Eukaryotes: Regimented-Preprogrammed-Sequential
Prokaryotes: Flexible-On/Off Type, Enables to live in
changing conditions
Repression Based Regulation of Transcription-1960’s
Jacob & Monads
▪ Operons: Enzymes can be regulated at synthesis level
▪ Positive & Negative Regulation
▪ Inducibility
▪ Concept extrapolated in higher organisms

9. Limitations- In accessing to the microbial world
Microbial activities only under limited set of conditions
Only fraction (1-5%) of microbial world known and
explored Biocatalysts from microbes able to function only
under delicate & defined set of Conditions
Applications under Natural Environmental Conditions
are limited

10. Need of the Hour
Exploration of newer habitats, particularly extremes
ones for environmental and Biotechnological applications
Evolving the microbial potential by molecular
approaches such gene shuffling and Directed evolution
Evolving unique & novel biocatalytic capabilities for
industrial & Environmental applications

11. Extreme Environments & Extremophiles
Evolution-Diversity-Commercial Interest
Living Fossils & Evolutionary Relics
Moderate VS Ultra Extreme Environment
Hyper-extremity & Limits - Life on Other planets

12. Individual Organisms VS Metagenomics and Microbiome

13. Colony and Cell Morphology, Pigmentation
▪ Mahejbin Sheikh, Dalip Rathore and S. P. Singh, MoES, Govt. of India Project, 2018
▪ Journal of Marine Biological Association of India (JMBAI), CMFRI Cochin, India 61(1): 21-27, 2020
▪ Thumar & Singh, 2009

14. 0
5
10
15
20
25
F243 &
R513
F984 &
R1378
U1F & R U2F& R NF & R
Total
no.
of
isolates
Chemotaxonomic & Molecular Approaches
16S rRNA gene amplification profile
Sharma, A.K. Kikani, B.A. and Singh S.P. 2020, Geomicrobiology Journal, DOI:
10.1080/01490451.2020.1860165

15. 16S rRNA amplification profile
of isolates from A) Okha Madhi
and B) Okha site
U1
U2
StrepB/
E
StrepB/
F
N-F/R
OK-1
OK-2
OK-3
OK-4
OK-5
OK-6
U1
U2
StrepB/E
StrepB/F
N-F/R
OM-
1
OM-
2
OM-
3
OM-
4
OM-
5
OM-
6
Gohel, S. D. and Singh S.P. 2018. Molecular phylogeny and diversity of the salt-tolerant alkaliphilic
actinobacteria inhabiting Coastal Gujarat, India. Geomicrobiology Journal,, 35:9, 775-789

16. Phylogeny and Phenograms
Rathore, D. R., Sheikh, M., Gohel G.D, and Singh, S.P. 2021. Genetic and phenotypic
heterogeneity of the Nocardiopsis alba strains of sea water. Current Microbiology, 78: 1377-
1387 , DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02420-0

17. Salient Features of Halophilic/Haloalkaliphilic Bacteria
•Wide occurrence of the bacteria with variable level of salt tolerance and salt needs
•The enzyme level- Varied levels from costal Gujarat
•Homology based on 16 S rRNA gene sequencing indicated presence of some novel strains
•Variation in optimum Salt, pH and temperature range for catalysis and for stability
•Denaturation of proteins- Extremely resistant against denaturation
•In-vitro protein folding: Renaturation varies and affected by pH, Salt, Temperature
•Salt -Dependence thermo stability and temperature profile
•Heterologous gene expression-Effect of salt
•Metagenomics-Exploration of novel genes
Ref:
➢ Dwivedi, Purna, Sharma, A. K. and Singh, S.P. 2021. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 07 June 2021 (Elsevier; IF: 0.90)
➢ Kikani, B.A. and Singh, S.P. 2021.. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, In Press, 30 April 2021 (Taylor & Francis; IF: 8.102)
➢ Rathore, D. R., Sheikh, M., Gohel G.D, and Singh, S.P. 2021. Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the Nocardiopsis alba strains of sea water. Current
Microbiology, 78: 1377-1387 (Springer; IF: 1.75), DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02420-0
➢ Bhatt, H.B., Begum, M.A., Chintalapati, S., Chintalapati, V.R. and Singh, S.P. 2017. International Journal of Systematic & Evolutionary Microbiology
(IJSEM), 67(11):4435-4442 (IF 2.1)
➢ Gohel, S. D. and Singh S.P. 2018. Molecular phylogeny and diversity of the salt-tolerant alkaliphilic actinobacteria inhabiting Coastal Gujarat, India.
Geomicrobiology Journal, 35:9, 775-789
➢ Nowlan B., Dodia, M.S., Singh, S.P and Patel, B. K. C. 2006. Int J Syst Evol. Microbiol 56:1073-1077
➢ Dodia M. S., Rawal C. M., Bhimani H. G., Joshi R. H., Khare, S. K. and Singh, S. P. 2008. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology
35(2):121-132
➢ Raval, V. Rawal, C.M., Pillai, S. and Singh S.P. 2014. Process Biochemistry 49 (6): 955-962 (IF 2.63)
➢ Dodia M. S., Rawal C. M., Bhimani H. G., Joshi R. H., Khare, S. K. and Singh, S. P. 2008. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology
35(2):121-132

18. Haloalkaliphilic organism
Functional clones Recombinant CLONES
Vector construct

19. Protease Gene Profiling
Cloning, Expression and Characterization of the Recombinant Enzymes
Bhatt, H.B. and Singh S.P. 2020, Cloning, Expression and structural elucidation of a
biotechnologically potential alkaline serine protease from a newly isolated Haloalkaliphilic Bacillus
lehensis JO-26, Frontiers in Microbiology (IF 4.25), 11:1-16,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00941

20. Organisms
NCBI
Accession
number
Gene cloned Host Reference
Haloalkaliphilic bacterium OME12 EU680960 Alkaline protease
BL21
(DE3)
Purohit and Singh
2013
Proc. Biochem
Metagenome from salt enriched soil --------------- Alkaline protease
BL21
(DE3)
Purohit and Singh
2013
IJBIOMAC
Oceanobacillus ihyehensis OME18 EU680961 Alkaline protease
BL21
(DE3)
Purohit and Singh
2013
Proc. Biochem
Alkalibacillus haloalkaliphilus C-5 --
Serine alkaline
protease
E.coli
(DH5α)
Rawal et al 2012
Haloakaliphilic bacteria Ve2-20-91 JX296114
Serine alkaline
protease
E.coli
(DH5α)
Raval et al. 2015
Ann Microbiology
Haloalkaliphilic actinomycetes
Serine alkaline
protease
BL21
(DE3)
Gohel & Singh,
2012
IJBIOMAC
Bacillus lehensis JO-26 ----------
Serine alkaline
protease
BL21
(DE3)
Hitarth Bhatt and S
P Singh 2020
( Frontiers in
Microbiology
Cloning, Expression and structure and function
relationship
of proteases from Haloalkaliphilic bacteria & Actinobacteria

21. Non-Cultivables and their Hidden Potential

22. Metagenomics and Functional aspects

23. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
AL1 AL3 KH1 KH3 AL KH
Relative
abundance
(%)
Phylum
Others
Unclassified
[Thermi]
Crenarchaeota
Nitrospirae
Cyanobacteria
Euryarchaeota
OD1
Chloroflexi
Acidobacteria
Nirali Raiyani & S P Singh Raiyani, Nirali and Singh S.P. 2020, Extraction of environmental
DNA, construction of metagenomic libraries and functional screening of enzymes from salt pan soil,
Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, Accepted (NISCARE, CSIR, IF 0.50),

24. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
AL1 AL3 KH1 KH3 AL KH
Relative
abundance
(%)
Genus
Unclassified
Others
Fulvivirga
Idiomarina
Anaerospora
Rhodococcus
4-29
Bradyrhizobium
Deinococcus
Janibacter
Brevundimonas
Kaistobacter
Psychrobacter
Pseudomonas
Sediminibacterium
Methanosaeta
Acidiphilium
Sphingomonas
Hyphomicrobium
Gramella
Methylobacterium
Mycobacterium
Planctomyces
Halomonas
Pseudidiomarina
Raiyani, Nirali and Singh S.P. 2020, Taxonomic and functional profiling of the
microbial communities of Arabian Sea: A Metagenomics approach Journal:
Genomics (Elsevier, IF 6.20), 112:4361- 4369
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.07.024

25. 25
[1]

26. Salt-Tolerant PGPR: Enhancing Crop Productivity of
Saline Soils
❑ Soil salinity: Detrimental Crop Productivity and food security
❑ About 62 million hectares (20% of the world’s irrigated land) affected
❑ Amendment with gypsum and CaCl2: Limited success and adversely effect on the
agro-ecosystems.
❑ Sustainable and Eco-friendly methods: Necessary
❑ Halophilic microbes: Resist osmotic and ionic stress
❑ Withstand salinity stress: Efflux systems, Ion Transport, Accumulation of
compatible solutes
❑ Induction/ variation of gene in expression: Defence-related proteins,
exopolysaccharides synthesis, activation of antioxidant machinery, accumulation of
osmolytes, maintaining the Na+ kinetics and improving the
❑ levels of phytohormones and nutrient uptake in plants.
Ref:
Egamberdieva1 Dilfuza et al., Frontiers in Microbiology, published: 18 December 2019 doi:
10.3389/fmicb.2019.02791
Arora et al., Journal of Advanced Research 26 (2020) 69–82

27. Rhizosphere microbiome: Important in the functioning
of plant ecosystems
❑ Only Limited Knowledge
❑ Rhizosphere: Coupling Traditional approaches-NGS- to corelate Community-
Ecology-Physiology
❑ Chemical and microbial markers ---Recruit and stimulate beneficial
microorganisms
❑ Microbiome- Significant in Crop Production and protection under stress
❑ To identify unknown soil microorganisms, functions, and genes
❑ To control plant and human pathogens
❑ To redirect rhizosphere microbiome to prevent pathogens
FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Volume 37, Issue 5, September 2013, Pages 634–663, https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-
6976.12028
Rodrigo Mendes, Paolina Garbeva, Jos M. Raaijmakers

28. Core Microbiome and Minimal Microbiome
A set of core microorganisms that effectively protect plants from soilborne pathogens
and stress conditions
What would be core microbiome?? Same for all cases??
How many traits required to protect plants from pathogens remains???
‘Minimal Microbiome’ To avoid antagonism and functional redundancy
‘Minimal microbiome’ would have minimal set of microbial traits for a
specific ecosystem
Control of different pathogens on different crops requires a different
subset of antagonistic microorganisms!!!
Core Microbiomes- Judged functionally rather than taxonomic
considerations
FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Volume 37, Issue 5, September 2013, Pages 634–663, https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-
6976.12028
Rodrigo Mendes, Paolina Garbeva, Jos M. Raaijmakers

29. Microbiome under Stress
❑ Belowground Populus-Associated Bacteria: a Core Stress Microbiome
❑ Plant Associated Microbial community: Allviate plant stress and increase plant
growth under stress
❑ Change in Microbial community under Stress: Enhanced Water utilization &
nutrient uptake
❑ Microbiome inoculation strategy: Microbiome of Populus deltoides changes
in response to diverse environmental conditions, including water limitation,
light limitation, and metal toxicity
❑ Growth, photosynthesis, gene expression and metabolite profiles: varied
❑ Identification of a common “stress microbiome” indicates
Tightly controlled relationships: the plant host- bacterial associates- a conserved
bacterial communities
❑ Ability of the microbiome to buffer the plant from extreme environmental
conditions
Collin M. Timm, et al., 2018, mSystems (ASM)

30. Functional amplicon sequencing with metagenomics
❑ Rhizosphere Microbiome: Plant Growth & First line of defence against pathogens
❑ Rhizobacteria produce antifungal natural products
❑ Conserved domains and specific metabolic pathways against
Fusarium culmorum determined by the Targeted amplicon
sequencing
❑ Identifying mechanisms and metabolites by Functional amplicon
sequencing with metagenomics
Jaclyn M. Wintera 2021, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah,
Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
mSystems 6:e01116-20, 2021,https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.01116-20
(V. Tracanna, A. Ossowicki, M. L. C. Petrus, S. Overduin, et al.,)

31. Rakholiya, K. D., Kaneria, M.J., Singh, S.P., Vora, V.D. and Sutaria, G.S. 2017. Biochemical and Proteomics
Analysis of the Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria in Stress Conditions, Chapter-14, P.227-246, in
“Understanding Host-Microbiome Interactions- An Omics Approach”, Edited by Singh, R.P., Koringa, P.G.,
Kothari, R.K. and Singh, S.P. Springer. ISBN 978-981-10-5049-7, ISBN 978-981-10-5050-3 (eBook), DOI
10.1007/978-981-10-5050-3
A Proteomics perspective on PGPR
Expression of diverse proteins involved in plant growth promotion (Qin et al., 2016)
▪Plant pathogen inhibition,
▪Photosynthesis and antioxidative processes,
▪Transportation across the membranes were altered in the presence of PGPR.
Salinity Endurance by Pseudomonas fluorescens (Gamma proteobacteria) in
canola (Brassica spp.) (Banaei-Asl et al. 2015)
▪Enrichment of proteins related to energy metabolism
▪Cell division
▪Tricarboxylic acid cycle
Role of sRNAs in the regulation of biocontrol traits in fluorescent Pseudomonas
strain Psd. Upadhyay et al. (2017)

32. New Dimensions of the
Assessment/Evaluation of Research

33. Path of Research
❑ Conceiving the Idea- Original/ Existing knowledge in different
form/Offshoots of the existing knowledge
❑ Designing the Experimental Protocols/ Research
methodologies: Natural Sciences/Social Sciences/ Languages/etc
❑ Observations and Data Analysis
❑ Conclusions and Inferences
❑ Citations and Acknowledgement

34. Formats and Objectivity of the Research
❑ Survey & Distribution of a trend/information/patterns: in a given
section of the society or selected categories of the population, eg.
Education/Literacy/Nutritional status/Occurrence of a
disease/behavioral patterns
Or In a living system-
❑ Exploratory & Observational
Do some thing-Get something
Biological systems are highly dynamic & diverse
❑ Asking question/ answering a question/Proving a Hypothesis
❑ Validation & Confirmation of the facts/observations:
Bioinformatics based predictions, any other observation,
Hypothetical conclusions
❑ Inventions/ Theory/Principles

35. PUBLICATIONS AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT
❑ WIDE VARIATION IN THE ASSESSMENT AND QUALITY JUDGMENT
❑ DIFFRENTIAL LEVEL OF RESEARCH OUTPUT- Reflected by
number/frequency/quality of the publication
❑ LACK OF INTEREST
❑ DIFFERNCES IN OVER ALL OBJECTIVES
❑ TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS and JOURNALS

36. Evaluations and Assessments: Changing Dimensions
❑ Citations
❑ Impact Factors
❑ H-Index
❑ Productivity and Consistency

38. Web of Science Scopus Google Scholar
◦Science Citation Index
Expanded
◦Social Sciences
Citation Index
◦Arts & Humanities
Citation Index
◦Index Chemicus
(chemical structures)
◦Current Chemical
Reactions (synthetic
method)
➢Social sciences
➢Life sciences
➢Health sciences
➢Physical sciences
Articles from some of CrossRef’s partipating
publishers and others that have made content available
to Google Scholar
More medicine and scientific resources
than humanities and social science
Preprints, e-prints, university publications
Books from OCLC’s Open WorldCat
6,650 journals since 1900
1,950 (+3,300) journals
since 1956
1,160 journals (+6,800)
15, 000 peer reviewed academic
journals
1,200 Open Access journals
500 conference proceedings
Over 600 trade publications
book chapters and 200 book series
386 million web sources (author
homepages, university sites, Open
Archives Initiative)
22 million patents
Includes citation analysis for
journals and authors from 1996 and
on
Citations extracted from crawled articles using “special
algorithms”
GS also includes non scholarly material as well as
books
Google Scholar has a wider coverage of Open Access (OA)
web documents and non-journal documents more useful for
citation tracking across full text documents

41. No more first authors, no more last authors
WORLD VIEW
25 September 2018, Nature 561, 435 (2018) doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-06779-2
Gretchen L. Kiser
To Promote transdisciplinary research, we must ditch the ordered listing of
authors that stalls collaborative science
To acknowledge the products of research in more-innovative ways, the value of
‘team-ness’ might grow in academic culture and the cutting edge will get sharper.
No need to cajole anyone to participate in team-building activities
Nature, Correspondence, Article 24 August 2021
First authors: is co-equal genuinely equal?
‘Equal’ distribution of co-first authors on research papers should be a win–
win concept — not just for those authors, but also for multi-disciplinary
science’

42. Biology must generate ideas as well as data
Paul Nurse WORLD VIEW Nature 13 September 2021
Sydney Brenner: Nobel Laureate– ematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model
organism
Data should be a means to knowledge, not an end in themselves.
“Drowning in a sea of data and starving for knowledge,”
Framing is neglected, Why the data are being collected; What is the
hypotheses ; what ideas are emerging.
Lack of biological conclusions or present new ideas.

44. Acknowledgements

45. Express Gratitude
HRDC, JNV Jodhpur University
Prof. Rajesh Dube, Director HRDC, JNV Jodhpur University
Prof. Ramesh K. Kothari and Dr. Mehul Dave: Coordinators,
Course Program

46. SPS Research Team
Dr. Sangeeta Gohel, Assistant Professor, Saurashtra University
Dr. Vikram Raval, DST Young Scientist (Now Asstt. Prof. at Gujarat
University)
Dr. Aparna Singh, DST Women Scientist ( Now Asstt. Prof, Surat)
Dr. Kalpana Rakholiya, SERB- National Post-Doctoral Fellow
Ms. Kruti Dangar, DST Women Scientist (Now Asstt. prof,
Saurashtra University)
&
Ph.D./M.Phil/M.Sc. Students

47. ➢Dr. Bharat Joshi (Canada)
➢Dr. Manish Bhatt ( Canada)
➢Dr. Rajesh K. Patel ( Professor, VNUSG, Surat)
➢Dr. Anju Mittal ( Scientist, USA)
➢Dr. Mital Dodia ( Scientist, Canada)
➢ Dr.. Jignasha Thumar ( Asstt. Prof. Gandhinagar)
➢Dr. Rupal Joshi (ZRC, Ahmedabad)
➢Dr. Chetna Rajyaguru (Associate Prof. Rajkot)
➢Ms. Geera Mankad ( Associate Prof. Rajkot)
➢Dr. Chirantan Raval ( Asst Prof., Govt College)
➢ Dr. Megha Purohit ( Scientist and Entrepreneur,
Canada)
➢Dr. Himanshu Bhimani ( Associate Prof. Navsari
Ag Univ,)
➢Dr. Bhavtosh Kikani (Asstt Prof. CHARUSAT)
➢Dr. Vikram Raval (Asstt Prof. Gujarat University)
➢Dr. Sangeeta Gohel (Asstt Prof. Saurashtra
University)
➢Dr. Sandeep Pandey (Scientist, Pharma, Daman)
➢Dr. Viral Akbari ( Scientist, UK)
➢Dr. Rushit Shukla (Asstt Prof. Christ College,
Rajkot)
➢Dr. Amit Sharma (Scientist, ZRC, Ahmedabad)
➢Dr. Kruti Dangar (Asstt Prof. Saurashtra
University)
➢Dr. Atman Vaidya ( Biology Teacher &
Entrepreneur)
➢Dr.r. Hitarth Bhatt (Asstt Prof. Virani College,
Rajkot)
➢Dr. Rupal Pandya (USA)
➢Dr. Foram Thakrar ( Ahmedabad)
➢Dr. Dalip Singh Rathore ( GBRC, Gandhinagar)
Acknowledgements : Ph.D. Students

48. Financial Support
DBT, UGC, DST, MoES, GSBTM,
Saurashtra University, Rajkot
Research Collaborations
•IIT Delhi, New Delhi: Prof. S. K.Khare
•DUSC, New Delhi: Prof. Sanjay Kapoor
•NFRI, Tsukuba, Japan: Dr. Kiyoshi Hayashi ( Now at
Toyo University, Japan)
•Griffith University, Australia
•JNTU Hyderabad, Prof. Ch. Sasikala
•Central University of Hyderabad, Prof. Ch. Rama Rao

49. Recent Publications
( Cumulative Impact factor : 201, H-Index: 31)
2021
Dwivedi, Purna, Sharma, A. K. and Singh, S.P. 2021. Biochemical properties and repression
studies of an alkaline serine protease from a haloalkaliphilic actinomycete, Nocarpdiopsis
dassonvillei subsp. albirubida OK-14. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology,
Accepted. 07 June 2021 (Elsevier; IF: 0.90)
Kikani, B.A. and Singh, S.P. 2021. Amylases from thermophilic bacteria: Structure and
Function Relationship. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, In Press, 30 April 2021 (Taylor &
Francis; IF: 8.102)
Rathore, D. R., Sheikh, M., Gohel G.D, and Singh, S.P. 2021. Genetic and phenotypic
heterogeneity of the Nocardiopsis alba strains of sea water. Current Microbiology, 78: 1377-
1387 (Springer; IF: 1.75), DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02420-0
•

50. 2021
•
Chauhan, J.V., Mathukiya, R. Singh, S.P. and Gohel, S.D. 2021. Two steps purification,
biochemical characterization, thermodynamics and structure elucidation of thermostable
alkaline serine protease from Nocardiopsis alba strain OM-5. International Journal of
Biological Macromolecules (IJBIOMAC), 169: 39-50 (Elsevier; IF: 5.16),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.061 , Available On-Line 12 Dec 2020.
Rathore, D R and Singh, S.P. 2021. Kinetics of growth and co-production of amylase and
protease in novel marine actinomycete, Streptomyces lopnurensis KaM5. Folia
Microbiologica (Springer; IF: 1.70), https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-020-00843-z

51. 2020
Sharma, A.K. Kikani, B.A. and Singh S.P. 2020, Diversity and Phylogeny of Actinomycetes of
Arabian Sea along the Gujarat Coast. Geomicrobiology Journal (Taylor & Francis, IF 1.90),
DOI: 10.1080/01490451.2020.1860165
Raiyani, Nirali and Singh S.P. 2020, Extraction of environmental DNA, construction of
metagenomic libraries and functional screening of enzymes from salt pan soil, Indian Journal
of Geo-Marine Sciences, Accepted (NISCARE, CSIR, IF 0.50),
Raiyani, Nirali and Singh S.P. 2020, Taxonomic and functional profiling of the microbial
communities of Arabian Sea: A Metagenomics approach
Journal: Genomics (Elsevier, IF 6.20), 112:4361- 4369
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.07.024
Bhatt, H.B. and Singh S.P. 2020, Cloning, Expression and structural elucidation of a
biotechnologically potential alkaline serine protease from a newly isolated Haloalkaliphilic
Bacillus lehensis JO-26, Frontiers in Microbiology (IF 4.25), 11:1-16,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00941

52. 2020
Sharma, A.K. Kikani, B.A. and Singh S.P. 2020, Biochemical, thermodynamic and structural
characteristics of a biotechnologically compatible alkaline protease from a haloalkaliphilic,
Nocardiopsis dassonvillei OK-18 International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
(IJBIOMAC), 153:680-696, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.006 (IF 5.16)
Pandya, Rupal D. and Singh S.P. 2020, Pigment production by an extreme halophilic archaeon
on Halorubrum sp. J4.2.2 from little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. Research Journal of
Biotechnology, 15(1):88-100. E-ISSN: 2278-4535 Print ISSN: 0973-6263

53. 2019
Thakrar, F.J. and Singh S.P. 2019. Catalytic, thermodynamic and structural properties of an
immobilized and highly thermostable alkaline protease from a haloalkaliphilic actinobacteria,
Nocardiopsis alba Tata-5. Bioresource Technology, 278:150-158 (IF 5.802)
Sheikh, M., Rathore, D.S., Gohel, S.D. and Singh S.P. 2019. Cultivation and characteristics of
the Marine Actinobacterial from the Sea water of Alang, Bhavnagar. Indian Journal of Geo-
Marine Sciences (CSIR-NISCARE), 48(12), 1896-1901(IF 0.4).
Rathore, D.S., Sheikh, M.A., Gohel, S.D. and Singh, S.P. (2019) Isolation strategies, abundance
and characteristics of the marine actinomycetes of Kachhighadi, Gujarat, India. Journal of
Marine Biological Association of India (JMBAI), CMFRI Cochin, India 61(1): 21-27

54. 2018
Gohel, S. D. and Singh S.P. 2018. Thermodynamics of a Ca2+ dependent, highly thermostable
and detergent compatible purified alkaline serine protease from Nocardiopsis xinjiangensis
strain OM-6. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (IJBIOMAC),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.157, 113:565-574 (IF 3.00)
Gohel, S. D. and Singh S.P. 2018. Molecular phylogeny and diversity of the salt-tolerant
alkaliphilic actinobacteria inhabiting Coastal Gujarat, India. Geomicrobiology
Journal, DOI: 10.1080/01490451.2018.1471107, 35:9, 775-789 (IF 1.5)
Thakrar, F.J., Kikani, B.A., Sharma, A.K. and Singh S.P. 2018. Stability of alkaline proteases
from haloalkaliphilic actinobacteria probed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Applied
Biochemistry and Microbiology (Russia), 54(6), 591-602 (IF 0.68)
Sheikh, M., Rathore, D. S., Gohel, S. D. and Singh S.P. 2018. Marine actinobacteria associated
with the invertebrate hosts: a rich source of bioactive compounds: A Review. (Invited
contribution) Journal of Cell &Tissue Research, 18 (01), 6361-6374.

55. 2018
Dangar, K. G., Kalasava, A. B., Dave, A. V. and Singh S.P. 2018. Molecular diversity of
Nocardiopsis alba sp. isolated from the coastal region of Gujarat, India. Journal of Cell
&Tissue Research, 18(3) 6559-6570
Vaidya A., Nair, V. S., Georrge, J. and Singh S.P. 2018. Comparative analysis of
thermophilic proteases, Research Journal of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics, Pharaceutical
and Chemical Sciences (RJLBPCS) 4(6), P. 66. DOI: 10.26479/2018.0406.05
Pandey, S. Sharma, A.K., Solanki, Kiran P. and Singh S.P. January 2018. Catalysis and
stability of an extracellular α- amylase from a haloalkaliphilic bacterium as a function of the
organic solvents at different pH, salt concentrations and temperatures. Indian Journal of
Geo-Marine Sciences (CSIR-NISCARE), 47 (01), 240-248 (IF 0.4).

56. 2018
Dangar, K. G., Kalasava, A. B., Dave, A. V. and Singh S.P. 2018. Molecular diversity of
Nocardiopsis alba sp. isolated from the coastal region of Gujarat, India. Journal of Cell
&Tissue Research, 18(3) 6559-6570
Vaidya A., Nair, V. S., Georrge, J. and Singh S.P. 2018. Comparative analysis of
thermophilic proteases, Research Journal of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics, Pharaceutical
and Chemical Sciences (RJLBPCS) 4(6), P. 66. DOI: 10.26479/2018.0406.05
Pandey, S. Sharma, A.K., Solanki, Kiran P. and Singh S.P. January 2018. Catalysis and
stability of an extracellular α- amylase from a haloalkaliphilic bacterium as a function of the
organic solvents at different pH, salt concentrations and temperatures. Indian Journal of
Geo-Marine Sciences (CSIR-NISCARE), 47 (01), 240-248 (IF 0.4).

57. 2017
Bhatt, H.B., Gohel, S.D. and Singh, S.P. 2017. Phylogeny, Novel bacterial lineage and
enzymatic potential of haloalkaliphilic bacteria from the saline coastal desert of Little Rann of
Kutch, Gujarat, India. 3 Biotech, 8,53, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-1075-0 (IF 1.36)
Bhatt, H.B., Begum, M.A., Chintalapati, S., Chintalapati, V.R. and Singh, S.P.
2017. Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov.sp. nov., isolated from a salt desert.
International Journal of Systematic & Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSEM), 67(11):4435-
4442 (IF 2.1)
Kikani, B.A., Sharma, A.K. & Singh, S.P. 2017. Metagenomic and Culture-Dependent
Analysis of the Bacterial Diversity of a Hot Spring Reservoir as a Function of the Seasonal
Variation. International Journal of Environmental Research, 11: 25-38.
DOI:10.1007/s41742-017-0003-9 (IF 1.0).
Datta, A., Sharma, A., Kundu, R.S. and Singh S.P. 2017. Diversity and enzymatic profile of
bacterial flora in the gut of an estuarine fish, Mugil jerdoni. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine
Sciences (CSIR-NISCARE), 46(06): 1116-1127 (IF 0.4)

59. Richard Feynman
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman
Richard Phillips Feynman, an American theoretical physicist, known for
his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics,

60. NEWS 10 June 2019 Nature
World’s largest plant survey reveals alarming extinction rate
Since 1900, nearly 3 species of seed-bearing plants have disappeared
per year ― 500 times faster than they would naturally.

61. Assignment
Question -1: What are different reasons for the variability in publications
among the scientists/students. (One para or 5-7 Points)
Question-2: In the light of the historical background of the citations, discus its
implications (One para or 5-7 Points)
Question-3 Discuss the Impact factors of the journals in the context of the
assessment of the credentials of the scientists. (One-two para)
Question-4 Highlight the merits of H-Index? (up to 5 Points)
Question-5 List 10 Journals with Impact factors and publishers of your
research areas

62. Thank you