4. WHY SHOULD WE TREAT THE SEWAGE??
• SEWAGE WATER CONTAINS HARMFUL SUBSTANCES. IT IS A COMPLEX MIXTURE
CONTAINING SUSPENDED SOLIDS, ORGANIC AND INORGANIC IMPURITIES,
NUTRIENTS, SAPROTROPHIC,AND DISEASE CAUSING BACTERIA,AND OTHER
MICROBES..
• WHEN SEWAGE IS DISCHARGED TO RIVERS OR SEAS IT BECOMES DANGEROUS
FOR AQUATIC PLANTS AND ANIMALS.
• IT IS NECESSARY TO TREAT SEWAGE BEFORE DISPOSING IT OFF IN A WATER
BODY AS IT CAN CAUSE HARM TO HUMAN AND AQUATIC LIFE.
5. • PREVENT GROUND WATER POLLUTION.
• TO PREVENT SEA SHORE POLLUTION.
• TO PREVENT SOIL POLLUTION.
• TO PREVENT MARINE LIFE POLLUTION.
• PROTECTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH.
• TO REUSE THE TREATED EFFLUENT FOR AGRICULTURE, GROUND WATER RECHARGE
AND INDUSTRIAL RECYCLE.
• SOLVING SOCIAL PROBLEMS WITH CAUSED BY THE ACCUMULATION OF WASTE
WATER.
6. HOW THE WATER TURNS INTO SEWAGE?
SEWAGE ALSO CALLED WASTE WATER,IS THE CONTAMINATED WATER FROM
HOUSES, SCHOOLS AND BUSINESS. IT COMES FROM TIOLETS,SHOWERS,CLOTH
WASHERS,DISH WASHER ETC …
WASTE WATER IS POLLUTED FORM OF WATER GENERATED FROM
STROM WATER.IT IS TYPICALLY CATEGORISED BY THE MANNER
IN WHICH IT IS GENERATED SPECIFICALLY AS DOMESTIC SEWAGE
AND INDUSTRIAL SEWAGE.
7. • SEWAGE CONSISTS OF GRIT, DEBRIS, DISEASE. CAUSING BACTERIA NUTRIENTS
AND MANY CHEMICALS.
8. ADVANTAGES OF SEWAGE TREATMENT
• WASTE WATER TREATMENT ELIMINATES DISEASE CAUSING BACTERIA AND KILLS
HARMFUL MICRO ORGANISMS.
• TO PROTECT FISH AND OTHER AQUATIC BODIES.
• TO AVOID LAND POLLUTION.
• TO DEVELOP HYGIENIC AND HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT IN AND AROUND THE
TOWN.
• TO PREVENT FLYING NUISANCE AND MOSQUITO BREEDING ETC…
9. 339 MLD SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
• THIS TREATMENT SCHEME IS ONE OF THE MOST ECONOMICAL ONES, AT IT
MERELY REQUIRES PASSING THROUGH TREATMENT SCHEME, WITH THE ADDED
ADVANTAGE OF BOIGAS GENERATION.
• UASB(UP FLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET) TECHNOLOGY AS THE SUITED FOR
CITIESOF ALL SIZES.THE STP WITH UASB TECHNOLOGY IN TERMS OF CAPACITY
(339MLD) IS YAPPED FROM COMBINED CHAMBERS .
• IN THIS PROCESS WHOLE WASTE IS PASSED THROUGH THE ANAEROBIC REACTOR
IN AN UPFLOW MODE WITH A HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIME (HRT) OF 8.8HRS.
10. UASB TECHNOLOGY
• MOST OF THE TREATMENT SCHEMES USING UASB TECHNOLOGY. INCLUDE GRIT
CHAMBERS AS PRELIMINARY TREATMENT UNIT AND ONE-DAY RETENTION TIME
POND AS TERMINAL POLISHING UNIT.
13. PRIMARY TREATMENT
• PRIMARY TREATMENT REMOVES MATERIALS THAT WILL EITHER FLOAT OR
READILY SETTLE OUT BY GRAVITY.
• IT INCLUDES THE PHYSICAL PROCESS OF
• 1.SCREENING.
• 2.COMMUNICATION
• 3.GRIT REMOVAL
• 4.SEDIMENTATION.
14. SCREENING
• SCREENING IS A WASTE WATER PRE-TREATMENT WHICH AIMS TO PREVENT
COARSE SOLIDS SUCH AS PLASTIC, RAGS AND OTHER TRASH FRIM ENTERING A
SEWAGE SYSTEM OR TREATMENT PLANT .
• SOLIDS GETS TRAPPED BY INCLINED SCREENS OR BAR RACKS.
• THE SPACING BETWEEN THE BARS USUALLYIS 15 TO 40 MM
• DEPENDING ON CLEANING PATTERNS.
15. • PREUNIT CONSISTS OF 4 MECHANICAL SCREENS 2MANUAL SCREENS TO PREVENT
FLOATING MATERIALS AND CONVEYOR BELF FOR DISPOSING SCREENED
MATERIALS AND 4 DEGRITTING UNITS OF 56.5 MLD CAPACITIES FOR REMOVAL
OF GRIT.
16. GRIT REMOVAL
• GRIT REMOVAL OFTEN FOUND IN THE HEAD WORKS OR TREATMENT PLANTS.
• GRIT REMOVAL CAN ALSO BE USED TO SAND FROM RIVER WATER INTAKES PRIOR
TO PROCESSING FOR POTABLE WATER.
• PRINCIPLE: GRAVITY SEPARATION
• (A). EFFECTIVE SIZE:0.15MM
• (B). SPECIFIC GRAVITY:2.65.
17. • GRIT IS DISPOSED THROUGH RAKE CLASITIES MECHANISM.226 MLD SEWAGE
FROM EXISTING UNITS AND 113MLD SEWAGE FROM EXISTING PLANT IS
COLLECTED IN WET WELL OF PUMP HOUSE AND PUMPED TO REACTORS BY 12
PUMPS OF 160KW.
18. SEDIMENTATION
THIS PROCESS ALLOWS THE ALL SUSPENDED PARTICALS TO SETTLE OUT OF WATER
OR WASTE WATER AS IT FLOWS THROUGH TANK, THEREBY PROVIDING SOME
DEGREE OF PURIFICATION . A LAYER OF ACCUMULATED SOLIDS CALLED SLUDGE,
FORMS AT THE BOTTOM OF THE TANK AND IS PERIODICALLY REMOVED.
19. DECANTATION
• DECANTATION IS PERFORMED THROUGH THE SEDIMENTATION PROCESS OF
SUSPENDED PARTICALS IN THE WASTE WATER.
• IN DECANTATION THE UPPER WATER OR LIQUID IS REMOVED WITH OUT
DISTURBING THE SEDIMENT.
20. SECONDARY TREATMENT
• SECONDARY WASTE WATER TREATMENT IS THE SECOND STAGE OF WASTE
WATER TREATMENT.
• IN SECONDARY TREATMENT , BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT IS DONE ON WASTE
WATER TO REMOVE THE ORGANIC MATTER PRESENT. THIS TREATMENT IS
PERFORMED BY INDIGENOUS AND AQUATIC MICRO ORGANISMS LIKE BACTERIA
AND PROTOZOA WHICH CONSUME BIODEGRADABLE SOLUBLE CONTAMINANTS
LIKE SUGAR, FAT , DETERGENT AND FOOD WASTE.
• THESE PROCESSES ARE SENSITIVE TO TEMPARATURE AND WITH AN INCREASE IN
TEMPERATURE,THE BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS INCREASES.
21. • SECONDARY WASTE WATER TREATMENT DIVIDED INTO TWO DIFFERENT
PROCESS OF TREATMENT.
• 1. ANAEROBIC TREATMENT
• 2. AEROBIC TREATMENT.
22. ANAEROBIC TREATMENT
• ANAEROBIC TREATMENT IS THE PROCESS WHERE WASTE WATER IS BROKEN
DOWN BY MICRO ORGANISMS WITH OUT THE AID OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN.
• ANAEROBIC TREATMENT IS THE UP FLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET
REACTOR.
23. AEROBIC TREATMENT
• AEROBIC WASTE WATER TREATMENT IS BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT THAT USES
THE OXYGEN TO BREAK DOWN ORGANIC MATTER AND REMOVE POLLUTANTS
LIKE PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN .
• AEROBIC TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES ARE:
• 1.ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS(ASP)/EXTENDED AERIATION SYSTEM (EAS).
• 2.SEQUENTIAL BATCH REACTOR (SBR).
• 3.MOVING BED BIO FILM REACTOR (MBBR).
• 4.MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR (MBR).
24. ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS
(ASR)/EXTENDED AERIATION SYSTEM (EAS).
• THE PROCESS EMPLOYEES LOW ORGANIC LOADING, LONG AERATION TIME,HIGH
MLSS CONCENTRATION, BOD REMOVAL EFFICIENCY IS HIGH.
• BECAUSE OF LONG DETENTION IN THE AERIATION TANK,THE MIXED LIQUOR
SOLIDS UNDERGOES CONSIDERABLE ENDOGENOUS RESPIRATION AND GET WELL
STABILIZED.
25. SEQUENTIAL BATCH REACTOR
• EQUENTIAL BATCH REACTOR IS A FILL AND DRAWS AN ACTIVATED SLUDGE FOR
WASTE WATER TREATMENT.
• EQUILIZATION , AERATION AND CLARIFICATION ALL CANN BE ACHIEVED BY SINGLE
REACTOR.
• THE SBR ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR SECONDARY CALIFIER.
• SBR COMBINES THE SECONDARY TREATMENT AND SETTLEMENT
IT IS USED TO REDUCE ORGANIC MATTER (BOD AND COD),
OXYGEN IS BUBBLED WITH THE WASTE WATER AND ACTIVATED SLUDGE.
AFTER THIS PROCESS THE WASTE WATER CAN DISCHARGED ON THE SURFACE WATER.
26. MOVING BED BIO FILM REACTOR
• A MOVING BED BIO FILM REACTOR CONSISTS OF AN AERATION TANK WHICH IS
SIMILAR TO AN ACTIVATED SLUDGE TANK WITH SPECIAL PLASTIC CARRIERS
THAT PROVIDE A HIGHER SURFACE AREA WHERE A BIOFILM CAN GROW.
27. MEMBRANE BIO REACTOR
• MEMBRANE BIO REACTOR IS A COMBINATION OF ULTRA FILTRATION AND
ACTIVATES SLUDGE PROCESS.
• MEMBRANE BIO REACTOR PRODUCES EFFLUENT OF HIGH QUALITY WHICH CAN
BE DISCHARGED TO SURFACE WATER FOR REUSE.
28. TERTIARY TREATMENT
• TERRITORY TREATMENT IS THE FINAL STAGE OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT .
THIS IS THE THIRD STAGE OF TREATMENT REMOVES INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
BACTERIA, VIRUS, AND PARASITES.
• REMOVING THESE HARMFUL SUBSTANCES MAKES THE TREATED WATER SAFE FOR
REUSE, RECYCLE OR RELEASE INTO THE ENVIRONMENT.
• THIS TREATMENT CONSISTS OF TWO STAGE:
• 1. DISINFECTION
• 2. DICLORINATION.
29. DISINFECTION
• TERRITORY TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER MEANS THE FINAL FILTRATION OF
THE TREATED EFFLUENT.
• AN IMPORTANT PART OF TREATMENT INVOLVES THE ADDITION OF
CHLORINE TO THE FINAL EFFLUENT BEFORE DISCHARGE.
THIS PROCESS INJECTS THE CHLORINE INTO THE HEADWORKS
OF A SERPENTINE EFFLUENT DETENTION CHAMBER.
• CHLORINE IN WASTE WATER TREATMENT KILLS BACTERIA AND VIRUSES AND
ELIMINATES THE PARASITES SUCH AS GIARDIA AND CRYPTOSPORIDIUM.
30. DICLORINATION
• THE FINAL STAGE OF TERRITORY TREATMENT INVOLVES THE PROCESS OF
REMOVING CHLORINE THAT IS USED TO DISINFECT THE WATER.
• TO REMOVE THE CHLORINE, A COMPOUND CALLED SODIUM BISULFITE IS ADDED
TO WATER. CHLORINE IONS IN THE WATER REACT TO THIS CHEMICAL AND ARE
REMOVED.
• ONCE THE CHLORINE CONCENTRATION HAS BEEN REDUCED TO
A SAFE LEVEL,THE TREATED WATER IS NOW CONSIDERED CLEAN ENOUGH
TO BE SAFELY REEASED INTO THE ENVIRONMENT.
31. CONCLUSION
• ASSESSMENT STUDY REVEALS THAT, THE 339MLD SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT (STP) AMBERPET
WHICH IS BASED ON THE UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) PROCESS REMOVED
THE DESIRED IMPURITIES BY 90%.
• THE SUCESSFUL APPLICATION OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION TO THE TREATMENT OF
BIODEGRADABLE SOLID WASTE AND WASTE WATER CRITICALLY DEPEND ON THE
DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF HIGH RATE BIOREACTORS.
• IT IS A CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF BIODEGRADABLE WASTE THAT IS SUITABLE FOR BIOGAS
PRODUCTION .
• ONE OF THE IMPORTANT ASPECT IN PROMOTING ANAEROBIC PROCESS IS TO DEMONSTRATE
APPROPRIATE ANAEROBIC TECHNOLOGY FOR WASTE WATER, WHERE IT IS NOT A COMMON
PRACTICE TODAY
