2. Objectives of the training :
■ Experience: relevant work place training will provide students valuable basic skills,
which will give you a competitive edge in today's job market, including soft skills
i.e. communication, negotiating etc.
■ Generic Skills: the opportunity to develop the general skills.
■ Networks : You will have the chance to begin to establish a network of professional
contacts.
■ Self–awareness : you will gain increased maturity and understanding of the
workplace, and a better understanding of your own career goals.
3. Site work :
Construction process :
1. Soil load bearing capacity test.
2. Site clearance
3. Levelling
4. Centreline marking
5. Excavation upto depth 5’-0” below
6. P.C.C bed laying ( thickness 6”)
7. Placing of reinforcement mat
8. Columns along with stirrups placement
9. Footings
• Sloped footing
• Shoe footing
• Flat footing
10. Pedastal of 1’-0” height and 3” offset on all sides of
column size.
4. 11. Columns raised upto road level.
12. Filling of morrum pits.
13.Watering for minimum 2 days Until it is all rammed.
14. C.r.s basement on all 4 sides of columns outer upto 3’–0”
depth below.
15. Marking of road level to plinth beam top.
16. Plinth beams
17. Filling morrum upto plinth beam top and ramming.
18. Staircase construction and simultaneously columns are
raised.
19. Beams and slab.
20. Centring,reinforcement,electrical,Plumbing and
concreting are done.
21. Extra end sides next to the beams are removed.
22. Columns raised
23. Starters used for columns and height of concreting is
determined.
5. 24. Columns are raised by overlapping upto next floor slab height
and the whole process From column raising to beams and slab is
repeated for all floors.
25. brick masonry work is done.
26. Futher doors and windows framing and fixation are done
27. Exterior finishing.
28. Roof and Terrace finishing
29. Internal finishing.
30. Wood work and fixtures.
31. Interior decoration work.
6. Office work :
■ A bullding or construction project requires a complete set of specialised drawings. These
drawings, called a project set, are used by the local planning department and building
control, as well as by builders, joiners, plumbers, electricians and water, gas and telephone
engineers.
■ The buildings are designed by an architect with a team of technicians and surveyors to help
plan and produce the drawings. The types of drawings are designed by an architect with a
team of technicians and surveyors to help plan and produce the drawing.
Building Planning And Design :
Introduction :
8. Architectural drawings :
■ The Site Plan: is a view looking down at a building from above,
illustrating its location & orientation on a plot land & providing
information about the site's topography, landscaping utilities and site
work.
9. ■ The Working Drawings : Working drawings or construction drawings provide
dimensioned, graphical information that can be used; by
a contractor to construct the works, or
by suppliers to fabricate components of the works or to assemble or
install components.
10. ■ The Furniture Layout Drawing : Although not a part of constructional or
architectural work, a furniture layout drawing is an integral part of interior
design drawings. These floor plan layouts show the schematic top view of
furniture, and its location, size, and shape.
■ With furniture design drawings, viewers can see the arrangement of
everything inside a room and how much free space will be available.
11. ■ Doors and windows detail drawings : In this layout drawing, door and
windows are arranged along with the general layout. Sometimes, they are
presented in a separate drawing with more details. Such floor design
drawings show the direction in which the doors and windows will open
and the extent of their opening.
12. ■ Sanitary Layout Drawings : Plumbing layout is also part of the standard
floor layout. It includes all fixtures in a property such as showers, bathrooms,
sinks, and toilets.
■ In some cases where large-scale repair or construction work is to begin, the
plumbing layout shows the schematics of the piping system too. In residential
projects, floor layouts also include the sewerage scheme.
13. ■ Electrical Layout Drawings : These floor design drawings include the
layout of wires, devices, and units, and the location of all light sources,
switches, and outlets that are necessary for creating a smart and
effective electrical and lighting system in a property.
■ More advanced electrical layouts include visible and hidden wires as
well as transformers installed throughout the space. Electrical layout
drawings are indispensable for construction and are of immense
importance while renovating old properties.
14. ■ Elevational drawings : These drawings contain the information of
openings, size and shape of external surface and the height. They
are prepared by having an aesthetic view of the building. They
indicate the external and internal marking that includes the door
and sizes of the windows.
15. Structural drawings :
■ Centreline layout drawing : Centre line plans helps you understand
the exact positioning of a column on site.Column may be of
different dimensions and but may have same center line. Centre
line grid for columns are plotted on a land before beginning
excavations. Checking for center line of a column grid ensures that
columns are located at exact locations as per drawings.
16. ■ Excavation drawing : Excavation drawing shows the footing excavation
dimension, column position, footing plan and grid lines of column. This
drawing talks about the extent of excavation like removal of soil, and the
process of excavation like trenching, wall shafts, tunneling, and others.
17. ■ Column layout drawing : Column layout reinforces the design and
pattern of the columns of the whole structure. This plan is divided
floor wise and demarcates the exact size and distance between
every column of the building. Column layout drawings further make
it easier for the contractors to learn the whole building layout.
18. ■ Plinth beam layout : Plinth beams layouts reinforce the support system of a building.
The plinth beam layout drawings showcase the position, length and sectional design of
the plinth beam and are made floor wise.
19. ■ Staircase detail drawings : staircase detailed
drawing gives information about the structure,
dimensions and measurements of rise,thread,
Landing etc.
■ Designing a staircase is no easy task for an architect,
as it requires accurate measurements and careful
calculations.
■ The design of a staircase must comply
with strict building codes and stair details in order
to ensure safety and climbing comfort.
■ As tall steps are hard to climb and shallow steps are
uncomfortable and risky, the slightest error in design can
result in hazardous consequences.
20. Conclusion :
■ Gained basic knowledge in the field of construction
■ Learned an importance of proper communication between office and work site.
■ Learned wise use of available resources
■ The training has revamped my confidence
■ Learned about safety requirments at site
■ Im happy that I choose civil engineering.
