Pathfinder models

1. COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF VARIOUS
EVACUATION STRATEGIES FOR HIGH–RISE BUILDINGS
Presented by
ARVINTH KUMAR S (120001010)
SATISH V (120001087)
VADDI VIKRAMA NARASIMHA (120001106)
Project Guide
G.I GUNARANI
Assistant Professor III
School of Civil Engineering
SASTRA Deemed to be University
SECOND REVIEW MEETING6/6/2020 1
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

2. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
OBJECTIVES
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 To identify various strategies for evacuation of High Rise building and to
model these in people evacuation software- Pathfinder
 Assess the performance of each based on the Total Evacuation Time
 Analyse the benefits of each strategy
 Suggest appropriate improvements to the architectural plan pertaining to
the sufficiency of evacuation

3. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
METHODOLOGY- MODEL CREATION
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Fig depicting
evacuation strategy
using staircase only
Fig depicting
evacuation strategy
using staircase and lift

4. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
METHODOLOGY- MODEL CREATION
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Fig depicting
evacuation strategy
using staircase and
phased evacuation
Fig depicting
evacuation strategy
using staircase, lift and
phased evacuation

5. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
METHODOLOGY
Total Evacuation
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Building
on fire
Alert
Others
Keep
Family
Close
Group Evacuation
Sketch of Selected Evacuation Mode in Building
Family Teamwork Mode

6. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
METHODOLOGY
Phased Evacuation
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7. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
EVACUATION SCHEDULE
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Chart depicting scheduling algorithm based on the zone priorities
Red Zone: Critical and First Preference
Green Zone: Second Preference
Blue Zone: Third Preference

8. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
BASELINE SIMULATION
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Chart depicting algorithm for finding out the
base delay

9. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
DELAY FROM SIMULATION
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Chart depicting delay finding algorithm based on the zone
priorities
Red Zone: Critical and First Preference
Green Zone: Second Preference
Blue Zone: Third Preference

10. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
WORKS DONE
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8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
FIRST FLOOR
8 1
7 2
6 3
5 4
4 5
3 6
2 7
1 8
EIGHTH FLOOR
Chart depicting evacuation schedule for three floors of
the building under study

11. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
WORKS DONE
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8 90
7 80
6 70
5 50
4 40
3 20
2 10
1 0
FIRST FLOOR
8 0
7 50
6 110
5 170
4 40
3 20
2 10
1 0
EIGHTHFLOOR
Chart depicting delay chart for extreme floors of
the building under study

12. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
WORKS DONE
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Chart depicting delay chart for fourth floor of the
building under study
8 50
7 40
6 20
5 10
4 0
3 70
2 10
1 0
FOURTH FLOOR

13. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
RESULT
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 0 10 20 40 50 70 80 90
2 0 0 10 20 40 50 70 80
3 0 60 0 10 20 50 60 80
4 0 10 70 0 10 20 40 50
5 0 10 20 40 0 10 30 40
6 0 10 20 120 100 0 10 20
7 0 10 20 150 110 70 0 10
8 0 10 20 40 170 110 50 0
Overall evacuation chart using staircase and phased evacuation
for the building under study

14. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
RESULT
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Overall evacuation chart using staircase, lift and phased evacuation
for the building under study
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 0 10 20 40 50 0 10 L
2 0 0 10 20 40 50 0 L
3 0 70 0 10 20 60 0 L
4 0 10 60 0 10 20 30 L
5 0 10 20 70 0 10 20 L
6 0 10 20 90 70 0 0 L
7 0 10 20 100 80 40 0 L
8 0 10 20 40 100 L 0 0

15. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
RESULT
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Evacuation times obtained using Total Evacuation
Without Lift(s) With Lift(s)
212 217

16. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
RESULT
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Comparison of Phased evacuation times for various floors with Total Evacuation

17. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
DISCUSSION
1. Although the evacuation components may be provided as per local building
design code, their performance in high rise building evacuation scenario
can only be judged by simulation. Hence, the building should also be
designed keeping in mind evacuation.
2. Phased evacuation and evacuation by lift are effective methods but the
evacuation components are to be designed keeping these in mind.
3. Evacuation by lift increases the total evacuation time.
4. Phased evacuation delay chart depends on number of occupants. If the
building use case may change leading to it’s increase, the simulations have
to be rerun.
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18. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
References
1. Marina Gravit, Ivan Dmitriev and Kirill Kuzenkov,Phased Evacuation algorithm for
high–rise buildings,EECE,2018, MATEC Web of Conferences 245, 11012
2. Ronchi, Enrico & Nilsson, Daniel. (2013). Assessment of Total Evacuation Systems
for Tall Buildings.
3. Hao Chu, Jia Yu, Jiahong Wen , Min Yi and Yun Chen, Emergency Evacuation
Simulation and Management Optimization in Urban Residential Communities,
Sustainability, MDPI, 2019,11,10-12 .
4. Nair R.R, High Rise Building Emergency Evacuation, Industrial Safety Review,2019
5. Mansor, Hazrina & sahol hamid, Yazmin & Suliman, Nurul & Ahmad, Nursafarina &
Hamzah, Noorfaizah. (2019). Evacuation egress in high rise building: Review of the
current design evacuation solution. MATEC Web of Conferences. 258. 03012.
10.1051/matecconf/201925803012.
6. Kinateder, Max & Omori, Hidemi & Kuligowski, Erica. (2014). The Use of Elevators
for Evacuation in Fire Emergencies in International Buildings.
10.6028/NIST.TN.1825.
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20. 6/6/2020 20

21. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
Problem Statement
Consider a high rise residential building G+8 located in an urban
area. Assuming an emergency occurring in any floor of the
building which requires the people to be evacuated with
requirements being that congestion is to be avoided in the
stairwell and to ensure evacuee comfort.
Choose a suitable evacuation algorithm and analyze using
appropriate software to design an evacuation plan for the
building.
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22. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
Literature Review
Paper Details Findings
International
Scientific Conference
on Energy,
Environmental and
Construction
Engineering,2018
A new phased evacuation algorithm for high-rise buildings and structures
Fire Protection
Research
Foundation,2013
This report focuses on the use of egress models to assess the optimal
strategy in the case of total
evacuation in high-rise buildings
MDPI, 2019 Various Pathfinder input data and its suitability over its alternates.
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23. SECOND REVIEW MEETING
Literature Review
Paper Details Findings
Industrial Safety
reviews, 2013
High Rise Building Emergency Evacuation strategies
MATEC Web of
Conferences, 2019
Review of the current design evacuation solutions
NIST Technical Note
1825
The Use of Elevators for Evacuation in Fire Emergencies in International
Buildings
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