2. Agenda
• Proud to be Indian
• Objective and syllabus
• Evolution timeline
• PC assembly, motherboard, cards,
BIOS, …
• PC troubleshooting
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3. Father of fiber Optics
Nariender Singh Kapany
• Indian-born American Sikh physicist
• Born in 1926 in moga, Punjab
• named as one of the seven 'Unsung
Heroes' by Fortune magazine in their
'Businessmen of the Century' issue
(22 Nov, 1999)
• Term fiber optics is coined by him.
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4. Father of the Pentium chip
Vinod Dham
• Dham did BE degree in Electrical
Engineering from Delhi College of
Engineering in 1971 at the age of 21.
• Worked at Continental Devices India
Limited, Delhi
• At the age of 25, he left his family in New
Delhi to get a graduate degree in the U.S.,
arriving with just $8 in his pocket.
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5. Vinod Dham
• He left Intel in 1995, and joined a startup
NexGen , which was subsequently acquired by
AMD
• Dham played an instrumental role in the launch
of K6 – the "Pentium killer" processor at rival
AMD.
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6. Co-founder SUN microsystems
Vinod Khosla
• Vinod Khosla is an Indian/American
businessman listed by Forbes magazine
as a billionaire.
• Qualification – IIT Delhi, Carnegie Mellon
University and Stanford Graduate School
of Business
• 1982, Khosla co-founded Sun
Microsystems (SUN -Stanford University
Network)
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7. Co-inventor of USB
Ajay V Bhatt
• Ajay V. Bhatt is an Indian-American
computer architect who helped define
and develop several widely used
technologies, including USB (Universal
Serial Bus), AGP (Accelerated Graphics
Port), PCI Express, Platform Power
management architecture and various
chipset improvements.
• Ajay Bhatt rose to global celebrity as
the co-inventor of USB through an
Intel 2009
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19. BIOS
• Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
• The BIOS is typically placed in
a ROM chip that comes with the computer
(it is often called a ROM BIOS). This ensures
that the BIOS will always be available and
will not be damaged by disk failures. It also
makes it possible for a computer
to boot itself.
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20. BIOS ROM
• In the BIOS a user can:
– configure hardware
– set the system clock
– enable or disable system components
– select which devices are eligible to be a
potential boot device
– set various password prompts, such as a
password for securing access to the BIOS UI
functions itself and preventing malicious users
from booting the system from unauthorized
peripheral devices.
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22. BIOS CMOS Memory
• CMOS stands for "Complementary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor".
• CMOS has the advantage of requiring very little power,
compared to some other semiconductor technologies.
• A special type of memory is used to store this
information, called CMOS memory, and a very small
battery is used to trickle a small charge to it to make
sure that the data it holds is always preserved. These
memories are very small, typically 64 bytes, and the
batteries that they use typically last for years. This non-
volatile memory is sometimes called NVRAM
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24. Different Cards
• Video Card : The video card is an expansion card that
allows the computer to send graphical information to a
video display device such as a monitor or projector.
• Sound Card : A sound card is an internal computer
component that processes audio files in order to
provide high-quality playback through computer
speakers
• Network Card : A network card (also called a Network
Adapter or Network Interface Card, or NIC for short)
acts as the interface between a computer and a
network cable. The purpose of the network card is to
prepare, send, and control data on the network.
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25. Different ports
• PS/2 : A PS/2 port is an electronic receptacle or plug
found on computers. It accepts a PS/2 cable with a mini-
DIN connector, and is most often used to plug in a
keyboard or mouse.
• Ethernet port : An Ethernet port is an opening on
computer network equipment that Ethernet cables plug
into. These ports are alternatively called jacks or sockets.
Ethernet ports accept cables with RJ-45 connectors
• VGA PORT : A Video Graphics Array (VGA) connector is a
three-row 15-pin DE-15 connector. The 15-pin VGA
connector is found on many video cards, computer
monitors, and some high definition television sets.
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26. Different Peripherals
• Printers
• Scanners
• Speakers/Headphones
• Microphones
• Web Cameras
• Joystick
• Personal Digital Assistant
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27. PLUG AND PLAY
• plug and play is a term used to describe the
characteristic of a universal serial bus, or device
specification, which facilitates the discovery of a
hardware component in a system, without the
need for physical device configuration, or user
intervention in resolving resource conflicts
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28. Functions and Operations of BIOS
• The first job for the BIOS is to initialize and
identify system devices such as the video
display card, keyboard and mouse, hard disk,
CD/DVD drive and other hardware.
• Then locates software held on a peripheral
device (designated as a 'boot device'), such as
a hard disk or a CD, and loads and executes
that software, giving it control of the PC.
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29. BIOS STARTUP
The system BIOS is what starts
the computer running when we turn it on.
The following are the steps that a typical boot
sequence involves
• The internal power supply turns on and
initializes
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30. Functions and Operations of BIOS
• When the reset button is released, the
processor will be ready to start executing.
• The BIOS performs the power-on self test
(POST). If there are any fatal errors, the boot
process stops.
• and …. follows POST beep codes
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31. IBM BIOS beep codes
31
Beep Code Description
No Beeps No Power, Loose Card, or Short.
1 Short Beep Normal POST, computer is ok.
2 Short Beep
POST error, review screen for error
code.
Continuous Beep No Power, Loose Card, or Short.
Repeating Short Beep No Power, Loose Card, or Short.
One Long and one Short Beep Motherboard issue.
One Long and Two Short Beeps
Video (Mono/CGA Display Circuitry)
issue.
One Long and Three Short Beeps. Video (EGA) Display Circuitry.
Three Long Beeps Keyboard or Keyboard card error.
One Beep, Blank or Incorrect Display Video Display Circuitry.
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32. Troubleshooting PC problem
Common faults and their remedies
32
Faults Remedies
Computer is not starting If UPS is used then first check the UPS and if
UPS is not used then First check the power
cables, if faulty then replace
Supply and cables are
ok but yet not starting
Remove the cabinet cover in order to inspect
the problem, check out the start button if it is
ok then check the SMPS if it is faulty then
replace it
Start Button and SMPS is
ok but still starting
problem
Check all the wires inside the system case and
if any of them is not connected properly then
fix it to the right place
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33. Faults Remedies
All cables are connected to the
right place and properly but
still not starting
Take it to the certified service centre
Monitor is not displaying the
massage
Check out the VGA cable is it connected
properly
Monitor is not displaying
anything (Black screen)
Remove the RAM and clean it with the
cleaning liquid with a soft and clean piece of
cloth
If still not displaying anything then replace the
RAM
Monitor is not displaying the
massage (SIGNAL IS OUT OF
RANGE)
Press F8 while just starting the pc to go the
safe mode in that mode just reduce the display
resolution
Color of display is not proper Replace the VGA cable
CPU fan is making too much
noise or not working
Clean the fan with a soft brush and remove
the unnecessary Programs that are
demolishing the efficiency of the CPU
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34. Faults Remedies
Computer’s operation
is too slow
Run the disk defragmenter
Run the Antivirus that is fully updated
No sound is available
Check out the settings in control panel
Verify that the drivers are installed for the sound card
Check the sound card and if faulty then replace it
Computer is doing
malfunctioning
automatically
Recover the system through system recovery
Repair the windows
Run the antivirus
Files got corrupted
due to the virus
Run the system restore
Run the Antivirus for further protection
Use the file recovery software
Mouse or Keyboard is
not working
Check out the connector are the properly inserted
Reinstall the drivers from the CD
Replace if faulty
Network problem
Check out the NIC card from the device manager
Reinstall the drivers for NIC (network interface card)
Check out the IP settings and browser proxy settings if you
don’t know the settings then contact your internet service
provider
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35. Faults Remedies
System is rebooting and
showing a blue screen
(BSOD blue screen of
death)
It is very serious problem and should be solved
immediately
Make sure your virus scanning software is completely
up to date and that it's configured to scan the MBR and
boot sector.
Verify that a minimum amount of free space is available
on your Windows partition. Blue Screens of Death and
other serious issues, like data corruption, can occur if
there's not enough free space on your primary partition
used for the Windows operating system.
Update the BIOS
System is showing Blue
screen in the starting
and not showing
anything else
Replace the hard drive
Replace the RAM
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36. Faults Remedies
BIOS or WINDOWS
password forgotten
To remove the BIOS password remove the CMOS
cell and insert it after 10 minutes
To recover the forgotten window password
problem use the window password recover CD
to fix the problem
USB ports are not working
Enable the ports from the device manager
If still not working then check the cables
If still the problem persist then get replace USB
controller from the experts
system is showing an error
of CMOS battery low
voltage
Replace the CMOS battery
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