Programming is the process of taking an algorithm and encoding it into a notation, a programming language, so that it can be executed by a computer. Although many programming languages and many different types of computers exist, the important first step is the need to have the solution. Without an algorithm there can be no program.

1. 1
Md. Saroar Zahan Sojib
ID: 171002011
Dept: CSE

2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Concept of program
• Types of programming language
• Translator program
• Organization of a program
• Steps of developing program
• Pseudo code
• Algorithm
• Flowchart
• Conclusion

3. Introduction
 A programming
language is a computer
language programmers use
to develop software
programs, scripts, or other
sets of instructions for
computers to execute..
•3

4. i. Variables
ii. Control Structure
iii. Data Structure
iv. Syntax
v. tools
•4
5 basic concepts of any programming language

5. i. Low Level Language
ii. Mid level Language
iii. High Level Language
iv. Fourth Generation Language -4GL
•5
Types of programming language

6. Low Level Language
•6
i. Machine Language
ii. Assembly language
Machine language example:
10101011
Assembly language example :
MOV CX,5
MOV BX,0

7. Mid Level Language
•7
i. Medium-level language (MLL) is a computer
programming language that interacts with the
abstraction layer of a computer system
ii. Medium-level language serves as the bridge between
the raw hardware and programming layer of a
computer system.
Example: C, Forth, COBOL

8. High Level Language
•8
i. It enables development of a program in a much more
user-friendly programming context .
ii. It is generally independent of the computer's
hardware architecture.
iii. A high-level language has a higher level of
abstraction from the computer
Example: C,C++,Java, Oracle, Fortran, Python etc

9. Fourth Generation Language
•9
i. 4GLs are closer to human language than other high-
level languages It is generally independent of the
computer's hardware architecture.
ii. It is accessible to people without formal training as
programmers
iii. They allow multiple common operations to be
performed with a single programmer-entered
command
Example: Oracle, SQL, Rapport

10. Translator program
•10
i. Translating the high-level language program input
into an equivalent machine language program.
ii. Providing diagnostic messages wherever the
programmer violates specification of the high-level
language program.
Example:
Compiler
Interpreter
Assembler

11. Compiler

12. Organization of a program
•12

13. Steps of Developing a program
•13
 Defining and Analyzing The Problem.
 Designing The Algorithm.
 Coding or Writing The Program.
 Test Execution.
 Debugging.
 Final Documentation.

14. Debugging
•14
i. Syntax Error
ii. Execution Error
iii. Logical Error

15. Algorithm
•15
i. An algorithm is a step by step method of solving a
problem
ii. It is commonly used for data processing, calculation
and other related computer and mathematical
operations.
iii. An algorithm is also used to manipulate data in
various ways, such as inserting a new data item
iv. searching for a particular item or sorting an item.

16. Flowchart
•16
i. A flow chart is a graphical or symbolic
representation of a process
ii. Each step in the process is represented by a different
symbol and contains a short description of the
process step.
iii. The flow chart symbols are linked together with
arrows showing the process flow direction.

17. Example of Algorithm and Flow Chart
•17

18. Pseudo Code
•18
i. Pseudo code is an informal way of programming
description
ii. that does not require any strict programming
language syntax or underlying technology
considerations.
iii. It is used for creating an outline or a rough draft of a
program. Pseudo code summarizes a program’s flow,
but excludes underlying details.

19. Pseudo Code
•19

20. Structure of a Program
•20

21. Example of a program
•21
#include<iostream>
Using namespace std;
Int A=20,b=30;
Int main()
{
int sum;
sum = A+b;
cout<<sum<<endl;
Return 0;
}

22. Programming is the process of taking an
algorithm and encoding it into a notation, a
programming language, so that it can be
executed by a computer. Although many
programming languages and many different
types of computers exist, the important first
step is the need to have the solution. Without
an algorithm there can be no program.
•22
Conclusion