The issues of A1 type Vs. A2 type milk with health issues and importance of Indian zebu cattle.

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2. MILK IS HEALTH
Presented by
SANTU MONDAL
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
M. V. Sc ( 1st
Year)

4. Way of Presentation
MILK IS NOT
COMPLETE
FOOD FOR
HUMAN
MILK
RELATED
HAZARD
FUTURE
RESEARCH

5. Concept of Health
 “A state of complete physical, mental & social well-
being and not merely the absent of disease or
infirmity”
(WHO,1946)

6. History
Cattle were domesticated for the first time in
southern Turkistan around 8000 B.C
(Mason, 1974)
Dairy practices start from Southwest Asia.
(Vigne, 2007)
 Throughout the world, there are more than 6 billion
consumers of milk & milk products. Over 750 million
live within dairy farming households.
(FAO, 2010)

7. Why To Drink Milk?

8. (Jones & Noelle, 2002)
Cow Milk Composition

9. 0
2
4
6
8
10
Protein Fat Carbrohydrate
Gramsof nutrient/ 100 gram milk
Human Milk Cow Milk
Human Milk
Cow Milk
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Calcium Phosphor
us
Sodium
Human Milk 33 18 16
Cow Milk 118 97 50
Mg/100 grams milk
Human Milk Cow Milk
(Weaver, 2009)
Milk Ca bioavailability
Human milk 85-90%
Cow milk 30-35%
Ca bioavailability

11. (Karjalainen et al., 1992)
Infant Diabetes

12. Cow milk protein Cause allergy
(Vandenplas et al., 2007)
 Cow’s milk protein allergy is
occurred in 2 to 7.5% of infants,
while another 5 to 15% of infants
showing symptoms known as as
cow’s milk protein intolerance
(CMPI).

13. Milk: A Cancer Initiator
(Davoodi & Esmaeili, 2013)
 Cancer depend on Correlation between cancer initiator & milk
consumption .

14. Cancer cases: dairy products consumption
(Szilagyi & Nathwani,2009)

15. Casein: Good or Bad?
(Woodford,2009)

16. Different type Of Casein In Cow Milk
 α – Casein (Ziondron et al.,1979)
 β – Casein (Brantl et al.,1979)
 κ – Casein (Chiba et al.,1989)

17. A1/A2 β-CASEIN…..
(Eccles,2014)
β-Casein A1 is a
genetic mutation
occurred about
5000years ago in
Anatolia.
-(Ng-Kwai-
Hang,1998)

18. Amino Acids sequencing …..
After Digestion
β-casomorphin 7, β-cn f(60-66)
Bovine Milk :-
A2: 1……….Tyr(60)-Pro(61)-Phe(62)-Pro(63)-Gly(64)-Pro(65)-Ile(66)-Pro(67)……….209 A.A
β – Casein A1 Type
A2 Type
A1: 1………Tyr(60)-Pro(61)-Phe(62)-Pro(63)-Gly(64)-Pro(65)-Ile(66)-His(67)………209A.A
Weak Bond
Strong Bond
(Chessa et al. 2008)

19. BCM from Cow Milk
Bioactive
peptide
Sequence Precursor
Protein
Maximum
theoretical yield
(mg/g protein)
Opioid
agonists
BCM7 YPFPGPI f(60-
66)
β-cn 33.0
BCM5 YPFPG f(60-
64)
β-cn 24.2
(Meisel & Gerald, 2000)

20. Come to Process Dairy Product
 “Sever heat treatment of milk strongly enhance formation of β-
lactoglobulin or k- CN stable complexes on the surface of
casein micelles. These complexes are believed to reduce
casein proteolysis as they make the access of proteinases more
difficult.”
(Enright et al., 1999)
 “Digestion of both cows’ & goats’ milk with human gastric
and duodenal juices showed that heated milk in general was
more resistant to hydrolysis than unprocessed milk.”
(Almass et al.,2006)

21. Fermented product –
In the fermented product ,BCM7 was almost resistant to
degradation by the proteolytic system of Lactobacillus cremoris.
(Muehlenkamp et al.,1996)
Contd…

22. β-Casomorphin: an Opioid peptide
 Opioids - are medications that relieve pain. They reduce
the intensity of pain signals reaching the brain and affect those
brain areas controlling emotion, which diminishes the effects
of a painful stimulus.

23. β-casomorphins effect on CNS
(Brantl et al.,1981)

24. Ischemic Heart Disease
(McLachlan, 2001)

25. Consumption of the beta-casein A1 variant milk (r = 0.726).
Even more pronounced was the relation between beta-casein
(A1+B) milk consumption and diabetes (r = 0.982).
(Elliott & Harris,1999)
Diabetes Type-1
(McLachlan, 2001)

26.  Bioactive peptide BCM-7 is an exceptionally powerful opioid.
(Koch et al., 1985)
 BCM-7 is found in human blood & urine and have linked to
the symptoms of autism & schizophrenia.
 A behavioural study of 70 patients with childhood autism who
were put on a gluten free, casein free (GFCF) diet concluded
that GFCF diet had helped in reducing autism disorder
symptoms. (Cade et al., 2000)
Autism & Schizophrenia

27. Indian situation
 Existence of high mean frequency of A2A2(0.974) in native
cattle & 1.00 in buffaloes.
(Sodhi et al., 2011)

28. Indian Cattle
breeds
A1 allele freq. A2 allele freq.
Gir 0 1
Tharparkar 0 1
Red Sindhi 0 1
Sahiwal 0 1
(Sodhi et al., 2011)
A1/A2 Allele Frequency in Milch Animal
Exotic Cattle
breed
A1 allele freq. A2 allele freq.
Holstein Friesian 0.465 0.510
(Winkelman et al.,1997)

29. Cross Breeding Scenario In India
STATE EXOTIC/CROSS
BREED
INDIGENOUS
BREED
% OF CB of TOTAL
BREED
PUNJAB 1955050 2288551 46.07
HARYANA 894607 1601045 35.84
TAMILNADU
717178 882424 44.83
(19th
Livestock Census, 2012)
 The exotic/cross breed milch cattle increased from 14.4 million
to 19.42 million,34.78% increase. (19th
Livestock census,2012)

30. STASTE TOTAL
CATTLE
HOLSTEIN
FRIESIAN
% OF HF
PUNJAB 18,07627 9,40,948 52
(18th
Livestock Census, 2007)
 In Punjab and Tamilnadu per capita milk available for
consumption are 945g/day & 265g/day. (NDDB, 2011-12)
 Tamilnadu has highest number of diabetics patients in
percentage all over India. (Kaveeshwar, 2014)
 Tamil Nadu is a largest cow milk producer in our country.
Cont….

31. Milk Induce mTORC1 Singling
 Trans- species milk consumption affects the
mTORC1(mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1)
metabolic pathway & may promote cancer, diabetes & ageing.
(Melink, 2013)

32. Annual increase of per capita cheese consumption in Germany
(Melink, 2013)
Prostate Cancer with Milk Product
Consumption
 35 gm. daily increase in milk consumption, increase in prostate
cancer is 32 %.

33. Prostate cancer
(Melink, 2013)

35. To define safe upper limits for long-term milk and dairy
intake for the prevention of the most common dairy-
promoted cancer in human being.
Genetic identification of all crossbred animal for A1
allele % measurement and pure crossbred through the
India.
Improve our selective breeding programme .
Conclusion

36. THANK YOU