This is a ppt on polarization. This ppt gives the information about polarization and double refraction

1. POLARIZATION
- PRESENTED BY
BURLA SANMAYI
22911A04D8

2. POLARIZATION
Light wave is transverse electromagnetic wave made up of
oscillating , fluctuating electric and magnetic fields.
Polarization is a characteristic of all transverse waves.

3. Oscillation which takes place in a transverse wave in different
directions is said to be unpolarized light.
Natural light is unpolarized.
Examples : Light emitted by Sun, incandescent lamp or by candle
flame.
Fig. Natural Light
Fig. Unpolarized Light
UNPOLARIZED LIGHT

4. POLARIZED LIGHT
 If the oscillations are confined to a fixed direction then the wave
is said to be plane polarized.
 Polarized light is not produced manually.
 It is obtained by using optical elements.

5. POLARIZATION
The process of transforming unpolarized light into polarized light is
known as polarization.
 The most common method of polarization involves the use of a
polaroid filter.
 When the unpolarized light is transmitted through a Polaroid filter,
it emerges with one-half the intensity and vibrations in a single
plane, it emerges as polarized light.

6. PLANE OF VIBRATION
 A plane including the direction of light propagation and
the direction of electrical filed.
PLANE OF POLARIZATION
 The plane perpendicular to the plane of vibration.

7. DOUBLE REFRACTION
Double refractions is also called as birefringence.
It is the decomposition of a ray of unpolarized light into two
rays when it passes through anisotropic materials.

8. DOUBLE REFRACTION
When unpolarized light is incident on anisotropic crystal, splits into
two rays(0rdinary ray and extra-ordinary ray).
One ray travels straight through the crystal and it is called ordinary
ray.
The other ray is refracted through the crystal and is called the
extraordinary ray.

9. Both the rays are plane polarized light. This phenomenon is
known as double refraction.
 The ordinary ray travels with the same velocity in all directions.
 The extraordinary ray travels with non uniform velocity.
 Ordinary ray refractive index is more than extraordinary ray
refractive index.
 Velocity of extraordinary ray is more than that of ordinary ray.

10. THANK YOU