Individual Constructivism (Piagetian constructivism) Piaget was a Swiss. Psychologist who was grately interested in the cognitive development of children. He was the first to develop a cognitive theory of four stages describing how children think from infancy to adulthood. Piaget believed that children move from one stage to the next, sequentially, but at various rates.

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2. Individual
Constructivism(Piagetian
constructivism)
Constructivism
Individual Cognitive
Structure(Piaget)
Social
Constructivism(Vygotsky)

3. Jean Piaget(1896-1980)
Piaget was a Swiss.
Psychologist who was grately
interested in the cognitive
development of children.
He was the first to develop a
cognitive theory of four stages
describing how children think
from infancy to adulthood.
Piaget believed that children
move from one stage to the next,
sequentially, but at various rates.

4. Four Stages Of Piaget

5. Sensori-Motor(0-24 months)
The infant constructs an
understanding of the world
by coordinating sensory
experience with physical
actions. An infant
progressess from reflexive,
instinctual action at birth to
the beginning of symbolic
thought toward the end of
the stage.

6. Birth to 02 Years of Age
Infants learn through senses and motor actions
Sensory motor period is subdivided into 6 stages:-
Primary Circular Reactions(0-4months)
 stage1-Reflexes
 stage2-First Acquired adaptation
Secondary Circular Reactions(4-8months)
 stage3-An Awareness of things
 stage4-New Adaptation and Anticipation
Tertiary Circular Reactions(8-24months)
 stage5-New means through active experimentation
 stage6-New means through mental combinations

7. Preoperational Stage(2-7years)
In this stage children use
their mental ability to
represent events and
objects in a various way like
using symbols, gestures
and even communication,
and so on thus their logical
reasoning are not at
organized or developed.

8. Stage2-Preoperational stage
• Time period:Toddlerhood(18-24 months) through early
childhood(age 7)
• Young children are about to think about things through
symbols
• Language use becomes more mature
• Develop memory and imagination allowing them to
- Understand difference between past and future
• Thinking is based on instincts but not yet logical
• Cannot grasp complex concepts such as(2 sub-stages):
-cause and effect
-time
-comparison

9. Concrete Operational(7-11/12 years)
At this stage the child
becomes more stable,
think operationally and
use logical reasoning
rather than inituitive
thought.

10. Stage3-Conrete operational stage
• The period between about the ages 7-11 years was labelled as
“concrete-operational stage” by Sir Jean Piaget.
• Characterised by:
- Seriation
- Transitivity
- Classification
- Decentering
- Reversibility
- Conservation
- Elimination of egocentrism

11. Formal operational stage(adolescen
-ce-adulthood)
Where children become
more systematic and
reasonable and they cannot
only reason of tangible
objects and events but also
they possess capability of
reasoning and thinking
more abstract, hypothetical
and idealistic ones.

12. Formal Operational Stage
• 12 yrs thru adulthood
• From concrete to abstract thinking....
• Example:-hypothesis testing, metaphors,
analogies
• “Not all adults use formal operations to the same
degree, and some not at all”

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