Parenteral administration by Sandeep Mewada

3. • Tissue infiltration
• Intra articular
• Intradermal
• Epidural

4. • Subaraclinord
• Intra-arterial
• Intrathecal
• Intrathoracic
• Intracardiac

5. • Intramedullary
• Intratesticular
• Intralesional
• Subconjuctival
• Intramammary

6. Advantages of Parenteral route of
drug administration:-
• 1. Bioavailability is faster and more predictable.
• 2. Gastric irritation and vomiting are provoked.
• 3. Parenteral routes could be used in
unconscious, uncooperative and vomiting
patient.

7. Advantages of Parenteral route of
drug administration:-
• 4. There are no chances of interference by
food or digestive enzymes.
• 5. Liver enzymes are by-passed.
• 6. It essential sometimes in the absorption of
the active form of the drug.

8. Disadvantages of Parenteral route
of drug administration:-

10. INTRAVENOUS ROUTE:-

11. Injectable Route of
Administration

12. ADVANTAGE INTRAVENOUS ROUTE:-
• This route is often used in drug administration in life
threatening situations.
• The drug would have rapid onset of action.
• Irritating and non-isotonic solutions can be
administered intravenously, since the intimae of the
vein are insensitive

13. DISADVANTAGE INTRAVENOUS
ROUTE:-
• The drugs administered by this method have short
duration of action.
• Thrombophlebitis of veins
• Necrosis of adjoining tissue.
• Severe adverse effect especially when organs such
as liver, heart, brain are involved in toxicity

16. Disadvantages of intramuscular
route:-

17. SUBCUTANEOUS ROUTE

18. ADVANTAGES SUBCUTANEOUS
ROUTE:-

19. DISADVANTAGES SUBCUTANEOUS
ROUTE:-

20. Other forms of subcutaneous route
include:-

21. Dermoject:-

22. INTRA-ARTERIAL ROUTE:-
.

23. ADVANTAGES OF INTRA-ARTERIAL
ROUTE:-

24. DISADVANTAGES OF INTRA-ARTERIAL
ROUTE:-
• -

25. INTRAPERITONEAL:-

26. DISADVANTAGES INTRAPERITONEAL:-

27. INTRATHECAL:-

28. INTRATHECAL:-

33. Advantages and Disadvantages of the
Topical Route:-

34. Advantages and Disadvantages of the
Topical Route:-

35. Advantages and Disadvantages of the
Topical Route:-

36. Advantages and Disadvantages of the
Topical Route:-
– emulsion foams – sponges
– inserts – suppositories
– ointments – tablets
– solutions

38. Advantages and Disadvantages of the
Topical Route:-

39. Advantages and Disadvantages of the
Topical Route:-

40. Advantages and Disadvantages of the
Topical Route:-

41. Dispensing and Administering Topical
Medications:-

42. Ointments, Creams, Lotions, and Gels

43. Ointments, Creams, Lotions,and Gels

44. Transdermal Patches:-

45. Transdermal Patches

46. Ophthalmic Medications :-

48. Ophthalmic Medications:-

50. Ophthalmic Medications:-

51. Ophthalmic Medications:-

52. Ophthalmic Medications
• When multiple drops of more than one
medication are to be administered, the patient
should wait 5 minutes between different
medications
– the first drop may be washed away
• If an ointment and a drop are used together, the
drop is used first
– wait 10 minutes before applying the ointment

53. Ophthalmic Medications:-
• Ointments are generally applied at night
– drug form of choice when extended contact with the
medication is desired
– remind patient that some temporary blurring of vision
may occur after application

54. Otic Medications:-
• Must be at room temperature or body
temperature
– heated drops may cause rupturing of the eardrum
– cold drops can cause vertigo and discomfort
• Old medication should be removed along with
any drainage before applying fresh medication
• Alcohol causes pain and burning sensation
– should not be used if the patient has a ruptured
tympanic membrane (eardrum)

55. Optic Medications:-
Patients under 3
should have lobes
pulled down and back.
Patients over 3
should should have
lobes pulled up and
back

56. Nasal Medications:-

57. Nasal Medications:-

59. Inhaled Medications
If an MDI contains a steroid, the
patient should rinse the mouth
thoroughly after dose to
prevent oral fungal infection.

60. Inhaled Medications:-

61. Inhaled Medications:-
Proper administration of aerosolized medications:
1. Shake canister well
2. “Prime” by pressing down and activating a practice dose.
3. Insert canister into a mouthpiece or spacer to reduce the
amount of drug deposited on the back of the throat.
4. Breathe out and hold spacer between lips making a seal.
5. Activate MDI and take a deep slow inhalation.
6. Hold breath briefly and slowly exhale through the nose.

62. Vaginal Medications:-
• Indicated for
–bacterial or fungal infection
–hormone replacement therapy
• The patient is instructed to use the
medication for the prescribed period to
ensure effective treatment

63. Vaginal Medications
Application should follow a specific technique:
1. Begin with an empty bladder and washed hands.
2. Open the container and place dose in applicator.
3. Lubricate applicator with water-soluble lubricant if not
pre-lubricated.
4. Lie down, spread the legs, open the labia with one hand,
and insert the applicator about two inches into the
vagina with the other hand.
5. Release labia; use free hand to push applicator plunger.
6. Withdraw the applicator and wash the hands.

64. Rectal Medications:-
• Suppository
– remove suppository from its package
– insert small tapered end first with index finger for the
full length of the finger
– may need to be lubricated with a water-soluble gel to
ease insertion
• Enemas
– rectal injection of a solution

65. Rectal Medications
Refrigeration may make
insertion of rectal
medications easier in
warm climates.

66. Parenteral Routes of Administration:-
• Parenteral administration is injection or infusion by
means of a needle or catheter inserted into the body
• Parenteral forms deserve special attention
– complexity
– widespread use
– potential for therapeutic benefit and danger
• The term Parenteral comes from Greek words
– Para, meaning outside
– enter on, meaning the intestine
• This route of administration bypasses the alimentary
canal

67. Parenteral Dose Forms:-
• Parenteral preparations must be sterile
– free of microorganisms
• To ensure sterility, parenterals are prepared using
– aseptic techniques
– special clothing (gowns, masks, hair net, gloves)
– laminar flow hoods placed in special rooms

68. Parenteral Dose Forms:-
• IV route
– directly into a vein
• Prepared in hospitals and home healthcare
pharmacies
– antibiotics
– chemotherapy
– nutrition
– critical care medications

69. Parenteral Dose Forms
• Intramuscular (IM) injections
– into a muscle
• Subcutaneous injections
– under the skin
• Intradermal (ID) injections
– into the skin

70. Parenteral Dose Forms:-
• Disposable syringes
and needles are used
to administer drugs by
injection
• Different sizes are
available depending
on the type of
mediation and
injection needed

71. Advantages and Disadvantages of the
Parenteral Route
• The IV route is the fastest method for delivering
systemic drugs
– preferred administration in an emergency situation
• It can provide fluids, electrolytes, and nutrition
– patients who cannot take food or have serious problems
with the GI tract
• It provides higher concentration of drug to
bloodstream or tissues
– advantageous in serious bacterial infection

72. Advantages and Disadvantages of the
Parenteral Route:-

73. Advantages and Disadvantages of the
Parenteral Route:-

75. Advantages and Disadvantages of the
Parenteral Route:-

76. Parenteral Dose Forms
Do not use SQ or SC abbreviations. Instead, write
out subcutaneous to minimize potential
medication errors.

77. Advantages and Disadvantages of the
Parenteral Route:-

78. Dispensing and Administering
Parenteral Medications:-

79. Dispensing and Administering
Parenteral Medications:-

80. Intravenous Injections or Infusions:-

81. Intravenous Injections or Infusions:-

82. Intramuscular Injections:-

83. Intramuscular Injections:-

84. Intramuscular Injections:-

85. Intradermal Injections:-

86. Intradermal Injections:-

87. Subcutaneous Injections:-

88. Subcutaneous Injections:-

89. Subcutaneous Injections:-

90. Subcutaneous Injections:-

92. Subcutaneous Injections:-

93. Subcutaneous Injections:-

94. Subcutaneous Injections:-