Industry tech overview by golden coffee business & investment consulting

Golden Coffee
Business & Investment Consulting plc.
Prepared By
Samuel Dawit
ADDIS ABEBA , ETHIOPIA
Email: geezlalibela@gmail.com
Venue-Meeting Hall
Title-Industrial System technology Overview
Descriptions
I Prepared a simple discussion type training entitled ‘’Industrial System technology Overview’’ With the Obje
ctive of Creating Discussion, Creating Documented Base Knowledge, Reminding and Brainstorming ideas on i
ndustrial System technologies that constitute eight topics with includes Industrials Power System, Industrials
Control & Automation, Industrials Machines, Industrials Production method & Processes, Industrials Plant
infrastructure, Industrial Materials & processes, Industrials Safety & Hazards..
Date – 08Aug2019
Time – 09:00-11:00
Thanks in Advance

Industrials system Technology Overview

Agenda
1 Introduction
2 Industrials Power System
4 Industrials Machines
5 Industrials Production method & Processes
6 Industrials Plant & infrastructure
7 Industrial Materials & processes
8 Industrials Safety & Hazards
3 Industrials Control & Automation

Introduction
Typical manufacturing factory

Introduction
Objective
Scope
STEM

ObjectiveObjective1
Objective, ScopeObjective, Scope
• To Create Discussion on General and Basic infor
mation about industry technology systems
• To Create a Base for Standard Knowledge & infor
mation Documents
• To Remind and Brainstorms to do the next and
gather what kind of knowledge is need …
Engineering part….
ScopeScope2
Basic Concepts, information and Ideas
on Industrial Systems Technologies

3 STEMSTEM
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of tes
table explanations and predictions about the universe.
Engineering is the application of knowledge, typically in the form of science, mathematics,
and empirical evidence, to the innovation, design, construction, operation and maintenance
of structures, machines, materials, devices, systems, processes, and organizations. The disci
pline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more specialized fields of engineering,
each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of applied mathematics, applied scien
ce, and types of application.
Technology is the collection of techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the
production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as
scientific investigation. Technology can be the knowledge of techniques, processes, and
the like, or it can be embedded in machines to allow for operation without detailed knowl
edge of their workings.
Mathematics includes the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space,
and change.

Industrials Power Distribution System
Overview of the system
System Parts & Components
conventional earthing arrangements

Power Room

Basic One Line Diagram

Industrials
Power
Distribution
System

1-Main Switch
Board
The Main Switchboard is the f
irst electrical panel that conne
cts the electricity and power t
o the site. The primary role of
the
panel is to distribute power to
divergent areas of the site. W
e will discuss the 4 main purp
oses of the Main Switchboard
, the
pieces of equipment that are
used to meet these purposes.
.
.

Distribution Boards are responsible for a
particular area of the site. They perform similar
objectives as the Switchboard. As
the Distribution Board are closer to the load
consideration on protection and uninterruptible
power supply option for the
load in the area has to be taken.
2-Sub-Switch Board/
Distribution Board
Panel Board is designed to split the 3 phase
supply into single phases circuit for use with
single phases devices such as
lighting, computers as well as the machinery
Control Panels.
3-Panel Board/Load Center

This system is designed to assist in the situation when there is a
problem with the site’s primary source of electrical supply.
The most sophisticated system can automatically detect any issue with
the primary supply, startup a secondary supply such
as a generator and connects it to the site to this secondary source.
When used in combination with the UPS (Uninterrupted
Power Supply) can guarantee an uninterrupted supply to the site’s
essential loads
A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrica
l energy between two or more circuits. A varying current in one c
oil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux, which, in
turn, induces a varying electromotive force across a second coil
wound around the same core. Electrical energy can be transferr
ed between the two coils, without a metallic connection between
the two circuits.
Power distribution system componentsPower distribution system components
Emergency Power System/Generator1
Transformer2

A transfer switch is an electrical
switch that switches a load
between two sources. Some
transfer switches are manual, in
that an operator effects the transfer
by throwing a switch, while others
are automatic and trigger when
they sense one of the sources has
lost or gained power.
An Automatic Transfer Switch
(ATS) is often installed where a
backup generator is located, so
that the generator may provide
temporary electrical power if the
utility source fails..
A circuit breaker can also be used to disconnect
the site electrical supply. They perform the added
Protection Function discussed below as well. This is
not always an advantage and we will discuss this in
the Electrical Protection section.
MCB MCCB ACB
ATS3
Circuit Breaker4
ELCBRCD/RCCB
Molded Case
Circuit Breaker
Air Circuit
Breaker
Residual Current D
evice (RCD), Resid
ual Current Circuit
Breaker (RCCB)
Miniature
Circuit
Breaker
Earth-leakage
circuit breaker

In electric power distribution, a bus bar (also bus bar)
is a metallic strip or bar, typically housed inside
switchgear, panel boards, and bus way enclosures for
local high current power distribution.
Bus Bars3Power factor Corrector(PFC)3
The panel consist of two main components; the
capacitors, and the controllers. The controller monitors
the Power Factor value and connects the capacitors to
the circuit to correct the Power Factor.

Electrical Protection CircuitElectrical Protection Circuit
Abnormal incoming supply of electricity, if left unprotected, will
damage equipment, may cause significant damage, fire hazar
d, and is a danger to the people on site. Issues that may arise
are as follow:
• Short Circuit
• Overload
• Over Voltage
• Under Voltage
• Phase lost
• Phase Sequence
• Earth Leakage
• Surge Protection
Protection Relays
Circuit Breaker
Fuses

Power meter displays electrical parameters such as t
he Voltage, the Current, the Active Power, the Reactive
Power, and Harmonics. It is used to measure the qualit
y of the power as well as measure an record the amou
nt of power being used for the purpose of Energy Savi
ng. They can be separated into two major group of Ana
log Power Meter and Digital Power Meter
Monitoring of Electricity Status and Quality3UPS3
Backup power comes in many form and many levels. From a manually starting a ge
nerator and switching over the power supply to a fully automated system that has a
n Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) supporting the essential circuit while a Gen
erator Controller automatically start up the generator and when the power is ready a
n Automatic Transfer Switch switches over the supply to re-charge the UPS battery.
The reverse happens when the primary supply is back to normal UPS is essentially
a big battery and inverters that switch Alternating Current (AC) to Direct Current (D
C) for energy storage and DC to AC to supply to load.
Back up and Monitoring Ckt componentBack up and Monitoring Ckt component

Neutral, Earthing, GroundingNeutral, Earthing, Grounding
Grounding
Neutral Grounded
Earthing means connecting the de
ad part (it means the part which do
es not carries current under normal
condition) to the earth. For exampl
e electrical equipment’s frames, en
closures, supports etc. The purpos
e of earthing is to minimize risk of
receiving an electric shock if touchi
ng metal parts when a fault is pres
ent. earthing is done not for return
path but only for protection of delic
ate equipment's.
grounding means connecting the li
ve part (it means the part which car
ries current under normal condition
) to the earth. For example neutral
of power transformer. the purpose
of grounding is the protections of
power system equipment and to pr
ovide an effective return path from t
he machine to the power source. F
or example grounding of neutral po
int of a star connected transformer.
Ground is a source for unwanted c
urrents and also as a return path fo
r main current some times.
Earthing

The more conventional earthing arrangements are:
TN-C where the earth and neutral are combined (PEN) and
TN-S where they are separated (5 wire) or
TN-C- S.
conventional earthing arrangementsconventional earthing arrangements

Industrials Control & Automation
Control and Automation System Line

Industrials Control & Automation
Control, Automation, SCADA
Control System
Open-loop control System
Automation
Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
Closed-loop control System
Ladder Diagram
Motor Control system Components

A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates t
he behavior of other devices or systems using control loops. I
t can range from a single home heating controller using a ther
mostat controlling a domestic boiler to large Industrial control
systems which are used for controlling processes or machine
s.
Automation is the technology by which a process
or procedure is performed with minimum human
assistance. Automation or automatic control is
the use of various control systems for operating
equipment such as machinery, processes in
factories, boilers and heat treating ovens,
switching on telephone networks, steering and
stabilization of ships, aircraft and other
applications and vehicles with minimal or
reduced human intervention. Some processes
have been completely automated.
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is a control
system architecture that uses computers, networked data
communications and graphical user interfaces for high-level
process supervisory management, but uses other peripheral
devices such as programmable logic controller (PLC) and
discrete PID controllers to interface with the process plant or
machinery. The use of SCADA has been also considered for
management and operations of project-driven-process in
construction
Control1
SCADA3
Automation2
Control, Automation & SCADAControl, Automation & SCADA

A control system is a system, which provides the desired re
sponse by controlling the output. The following figure shows
the simple block diagram of a control system. Here, the cont
rol system is represented by a single block. Since, the outpu
t is controlled by varying input, the control system got this n
ame.
Control SystemsControl Systems
Motor
speed & Torque
Temperature
Level
Pressure Flow
Open-loop control System
Closed-loop control System
pH

Forward-Reverse Motor Control System1
Open loop, exampleOpen loop, example Motor Control Panel
Connection diagramSingle Line Diagram

Control System motor speed1
Closed-loop control systemClosed-loop control system
Industry system caseGeneral system case

PID Controller1
Closed-loop control systemClosed-loop control system
PID controller is universally accepted and most commonly used
controller in industrial application because PID controller is simpl
e, provide good stability and rapid response. PID stands for prop
ortional, integral, derivative. In each application, coefficient of th
ese three actions are varied to get optimal response and control.
Controller input is error signal and output is given to the plant/pr
ocess. Output signal of controller is generated, in such a way tha
t, output of plant is try to achieve desired value.

contactor coils and extra auxili
ary contact.
Inverter/Drive
An electronic control device used to
control the motor speed and torque.
Overload relays
An overcurrent protection device that
is regularly used together with a
contactor for the protection of a
motor.
Motor Protection
Circuit Breaker
Circuit Breakers that are specially
designed to protect motors. Some
models have built-in overload relay
protection.
Soft Starter
An electronic device that is used to
start a motor instead of the traditional
contactor (star-delta configuration).
Designed to resolve the issue of high
starting current when starting a motor
Magnetic contactor
Used as a switch to start a motor with
the direct-online or the star-delta
conyguration.
Motor Control Components
Magnetic contactor
Drive

Automation is the technology b
y which a process or procedure
is performed with minimum hum
an assistance. Automation or au
tomatic control is the use of vari
ous control systems for operatin
g equipment such as machinery
, processes in factories, boilers
and heat treating ovens, switchi
ng on telephone networks, steer
ing and stabilization of ships, air
craft and other applications and
vehicles with minimal or reduce
d human intervention. Some pro
cesses have been completely a
utomated.
AutomationAutomation

PC
Server
Embedded
A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is an industrial digit
al computer which has been ruggedized and adapted for the control of manufacturing proce
sses, such as assembly lines, or robotic devices, or any activity that requires high reliability
control and ease of programming and process fault diagnosis.
Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)

PLC System PartsPLC System Parts
Power Supply module
Processor Module
I/O Module (A & D)

PLC-internal part & Program ExecutionPLC-internal part & Program Execution

PLC-connection & OperationPLC-connection & Operation
Foxit PDF
Document
Foxit PDF
Document

PLC-selection requirement1
• System (task) requirements.
• Application requirements.
• What input/output capacity is required?
• What type of inputs/outputs are required?
• What size of memory is required?
• What speed is required of the CPU?
• Electrical requirements.
• Speed of operation.
• Communication requirements.
• Software.
• Operator interface.
• Physical environments.

PLC programs are typically written in a spe
cial application on a personal computer, then
downloaded by a direct-connection cable or
over a network to the PLC. The program is s
tored in the PLC either in battery-backed-u
p RAM or some other non-volatile flash mem
ory. Often, a single PLC can be programmed
to replace thousands of relays
PLC ProgrammingPLC Programming
1. FBD-function block diagram
2. SCL-Instruction list
3. STL-Structured Text
4. LAD-
5. SFC-Sequential Function Chart
Five programming languages are used in PLCs

PLC Programming-ExamplePLC Programming-Example

https://www.sanfoundry.com
PLC-programmingPLC-programming
I:1/0
I:1/1
I:1/0
I:1/0
O:2/0
O:2/1

PLC-SIEMENS-programmingPLC-SIEMENS-programming

Industrials Machines
Mother of all Machines-manufacturing machines

Industrials Machines
Machines/Industrial-machines
Mechanical
Simple Machine & Mechanism
Electrical
Motors
Hydraulic & Pneumatic System
Machine Frame and/or Structure
Machine, a case look at……
Industrial Robots
Sensors

A machine (or mechanical device) is a mechanical structure that use
s power to apply forces and control movement to perform an intended
action. Machines can be driven by animals and people, by natural forc
es such as wind and water, and by chemical, thermal, or electrical pow
er, and include a system of mechanisms that shape the actuator input t
o achieve a specific application of output forces and movement. They c
an also include computers and sensors that monitor performance and
plan movement, often called mechanical systems.
MachineMachine

Industrial Machine/machineryIndustrial Machine/machinery
Please Define an Industrial machine/machinery ?
Alibaba Categories of
Industrial Machine/Machinery …Market/interest oriented

International standard industrial classification of
all economic activities(ISIC),Rev.4
Industrial Machine/machineryIndustrial Machine/machinery

Industrial Machine/machinery....sample listIndustrial Machine/machinery....sample list

3D printer
• Simple Machine & Mechanism
• Structure
• Actuator and End-effector
• Hydraulic & Pneumatic System
 Motors
• Control circuit (PLC)
 sensors
• Ladder diagram
Industrial Machine Main systems, Parts & ComponentsIndustrial Machine Main systems, Parts & Components
Mechanical1 Electrical/Optics2 software3
Others?
• Optics
• Chemical Reactor
• Furnace
• Boiler

A simple machine is a mechanical device that chang
es the direction or magnitude of a force. In general, th
ey can be defined as the simplest mechanisms that u
se mechanical advantage (also called leverage) to mu
ltiply force.
Simple MachineSimple Machine

Machine Elements MechanismSimple Machine
Compound MachineCompound Machine
compound machine. Is A machine consisting of two or mo
re simple machines operating together

• Gears and gear trains
• Belt and chain drives
• Cam and followers
• Linkage
• Friction devices, such as brakes and clutches
• Structural components such as a frame, fasteners, bearings, springs, lubricants
• splines, pins, and keys
• Shafts
Couplings
Bearings
Fasteners
Keys, Splines and Cotter pin
Seals
Machine elements are basic mechanical parts a
nd features used as the building blocks of most
machines. Most are standardized to common si
zes, but customs are also common for specializ
ed applications.
Machine ElementsMachine Elements

a mechanism is a combination of resistant bodies so arranged that by their means the mecha
nical forces of nature can be compelled to do work accompanied by certain determinate motion.
MechanismMechanism

frame is often a structural system that supports
other components of a physical construction and
/or steel frame that limits the
Frame/StructureFrame/Structure

A hydraulic drive system is a quasi-hy
drostatic drive or transmission system th
at uses pressurized hydraulic fluid to po
wer hydraulic machinery. The term hydro
static refers to the transfer of energy fro
m pressure differences, not from the kin
etic energy of the flow.
A hydraulic drive system consists of thre
e parts: The generator (e.g. a hydraulic p
ump), driven by an electric motor or a co
mbustion engine or a windmill; valves, filt
ers, piping etc. (to guide and control the
system); and the actuator (e.g. a hydraul
ic motor or hydraulic cylinder) to drive th
e machinery.
Hose & pipes
Hydraulic/Pneumatic SystemHydraulic/Pneumatic System

An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magne
tic field and winding currents to generate force in the form of rotation. Electric motors ca
n be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as from batteries, motor vehicles or r
ectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as a power grid, inverters or electri
cal generators.
Stepper-Motors
Electrical Motors/MachinesElectrical Motors/Machines

AC & DC Motors main partsAC & DC Motors main parts
DC Motor
AC Motors
Stepper Motor
Servo Motor
DC-geared
Motors

Electrical Motors characteristicsElectrical Motors characteristics
Voltage
Phase
Current (Amps)
Hertz / Frequency
Horsepower
Speeds
Insulation Class
Service Factor
Capacitors
Efficiency
Encoders
Thermal Protection (Overload)
Shaft Grounding Devices
Faraday Shield
Grounding Brush
Shaft Grounding Ring
Insulated Bearings
Torque Speed Characteristics
Electrical characteristics: these include torque vs. armature current plot,
voltage vs. armature current plot
Mechanical characteristics: speed vs. torque, load vs. efficiency curve Electrical & Mechanical characteristics
Motors

Electrical Motors-characteristics FormulasElectrical Motors-characteristics Formulas

Sensors are sophisticated devices that are frequently
used to detect and respond to electrical or optical sign
als. A Sensor converts the physical parameter (for exa
mple: temperature, blood pressure, humidity, speed, et
c.) into a signal which can be measured electrically.
Industrial SensorsIndustrial Sensors
Operation of sensors

Type list of SensorsType list of Sensors

? …..Others
Chemical Reactor
Boiler
Mineral, Crasher
Furnace
Biological, fermentation

Industrial RobotsIndustrial Robots
1.Articulated/6Axis 2.Cylindrical 3.SCARA 4.Gantry/Cartesian 5.Parallel/Delta
• From the Mechanical Point of View
Best for fast pick-and-
place or product transf
er applications like mo
ving parts from a conv
eyor belt and placing t
hem in boxes or onto a
nother conveyor belt
made of two moving
elements: rotary and linear actu
ators. Because they have a
cylindrical work envelope, mac
hine designers might select the
m
for their economy of space
The linear movements of the Cartes
ian elements give the robot a cube
shaped workspace that fits best wit
h pick-and-place applications
a more complete solution than
the Cartesian or Cylindrical. Th
ey are all-in-one robots, meani
ng a SCARA robot
is equipped with x, y, z and rot
ary motion in one package that
comes ready-to-go, apart from
the end-of-arm tooling
These robots operate like a human
arm and can pick up materials and
move them from one plane to anot
her. they are typically very large
and used for large assembly jobs s
uch as putting seats into a car on
an assembly line.

Machine-a case look at…Machine-a case look at…
Mechanical
Electrical
Extruder machine
Hydraulic

Arm Robot-a case look at…Arm Robot-a case look at…

Industrial Machine characteristics…. case look at…Industrial Machine characteristics…. case look at…
Physical
General Product Description
Mechanical
Electrical/Optics
Software
Others
Weight, L*W*H, Color,…..
Speed(Max/Min), Gearbox,
MA, power,…...
Voltage, 220/240/380/480v,
Current,
Name, Brand, Model, Purpose , Applications & Usage, Eff
iciency, Technology ,Advantage & Disadvantage, Energy
saving, environmental friendly, Noise……
Fully Automatic Disposable Paper Coffee Cup Making Machine
Each and every characteristics is subjected
to dedicated parts and systems of that Spe
cific machine fields…(chemical, Biological,
nuclear……)
Foxit Reader PDF
Document

Industrials Production method & Processes
P

Industrials Production method & Processes
Industrial Production Method
Industrial production Process
(Production flow diagram)
2D/3D
Product type
Process or Functional type

product is built up through many
segregated stages
where the products in the batch go
through the whole production
process together.
Pharmaceuticals, Paints,
chemicals, Switch gears, Heavy
motor vehicles, Ready-made
garments,…..
product is produced with the labor of one
or a few workers and is rarely used for
bulk and large scale production.
Large Turbo generator, Large Engine,
Boiler, Ship building, special
electronic equipment
Batch produced only one
Mass Production
Flow Production
Industrial Production MethodIndustrial Production Method
Continuous/flow Production1 Batch Production2 Job Order Production3
Batch produced intermittently
when needed
Batch produced periodically
at known time interval
Pieces produced only one
Pieces produced intermittently
when needed
Pieces produced periodically at
known time interval
Production methods. Processes and techniques that are used to manufacture a product. Production
methods can vary greatly, depending on the specifications of the product and the quantity required.
TV, Radio, Telephone,
plastic goods, refrigerator
Chemical plant, sugar mill
plant, oil & gas, Steel plant,
cement plant, petroleum
refineries

Industrial Production MethodIndustrial Production Method
Continuous Production1 Batch Production2 Job Order Production3

Industrial production ProcessIndustrial production Process
Industrial processes are procedures involving chemical, physical, electrical or mechanical steps to aid in the
manufacturing of an item or items, usually carried out on a very large scale. Industrial processes are the key
components of heavy industry.
Heat Process
General Process
Chemical Process
Electrolysis
Cutting
Physical Process
Molding
separation
Distillation
Additive
Iron and Steel
Petroleum and organic compounds
Others
Liquefaction of gases
Haber process
Flash smelting
Gilding, electroplating, anodization, electrowinning
Shearing Sawing Plasma cutting
Forging ,,Casting ,Stamping
Casting, sand casting
Comminution,f flotation
Fractional distillation, steam distillation
Fused deposition modeling, Stereo lithography
Smelting, Catalan forge, open hearth furnace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_processes

Industrial production/manufacturing Process flow diagramIndustrial production/manufacturing Process flow diagram
Manufacturing process workflows, or flow charts, detail the granular activity-level st
eps that must be completed to create finished goods from the time raw materials are re
ceived at the manufacturing facility until those materials are turned into finished goods.
Companies in all manufacturing industries are constantly looking for ways to achieve co
ntinuous process improvement, and flow charts are one of many tools that can help org
anizations optimize their manufacturing processes
Microsoft VISIO
Software's
Auto CAD…

Industrial Urea Production Process from Ammonia and Carb
on-dioxide Process flow diagram
Industrial Urea Production Process from Ammonia and Carb
on-dioxide Process flow diagram
BOQ
Process/Functional Layout

Industrial Tire manufacturing Process flow diagramIndustrial Tire manufacturing Process flow diagram
BOQ
Product Process

Industrials Plant Infrastructure & Facilities

Industrials Plant Infrastructure & Facilities
Industry Plant site
HVAC System
Plant Lay-Out diagram
2D/3D
Industry Factory Building
Factory facility systems
Fire protection System
Industrial Wastes & treatment

Industry Plant Site-selectionIndustry Plant Site-selection
Energy availabilityRaw materials Market Transportation Facility Labor Supply

Factory BuildingFactory Building
A factory or manufacturing plant is an industrial site, usually consistin
g of buildings and machinery, or more commonly a complex having sever
al buildings, where workers manufacture goods or operate machines pro
cessing one product into another.
• Size & Type of Industry
• Cost
• Expandability
• Natural Light & ventilation
• Height
• Heavy machine
• ……..many more
Choosing Factory buildings
according to the following
Advantage/Disadvantage

Industry Plant factoryIndustry Plant factory
Factory
Handling & Storage
Compound area
Offices

Factory Building…designFactory Building…design
Structural layoutProcess area
layout
Equipment
layout in unit
Processing Layout
Piping, Electrical,
…

Typical Factory BuildingTypical Factory Building

Factory facility systemsFactory facility systems
HVAC SYSTEMS
POWER DISTRIBUTION
EMISSION CONTROL
INDUSTRIAL WASTE & TRITMENT
STORAGE SYSTEMS
MATERIAL HANDLING
STEAM SYSTEMS
PIPING
FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
SECURITY SYSTEMS
Industrial facilities: … the aggregate of buildings, equipment, machinery, apparat
us, tools, fixtures and the like that altogether make up a production plant; an indu
strial asset or industrial real estate asset.

HVAC systemHVAC system
The purpose of HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning) is the control of an enclosed environment. An HV
AC system provides adequate indoor air quality by: conditioning the air in the occupied space of a building in order to pr
ovide for the comfort of its occupants; diluting and removing contaminants from indoor air through ventilation; and provid
ing proper building pressurization. The three main environmental characteristics that are controlled are:
• Temperature
• Humidity
• Suspended particulates dust and gas

Fire fighting systemFire fighting system
Suppression3
Detection1
Alarming2
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. Approved devices, equipment and systems or com
binations of systems used to detect a fire, activate an alarm, extinguish or control
a fire, control or manage smoke and products of a fire or any combination thereof.

Fire fighting system installationFire fighting system installation

Industrial Wastes & treatmentIndustrial Wastes & treatment
Many different types of solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes are discharged by industries. Most industrial waste is recycled, treate
d and discharged, or placed in a landfill . There is no one means of managing industrial wastes because the nature of the waste
s varies widely from one industry to another.
Potential Sources

Industrial Wastes & treatmentIndustrial Wastes & treatment
• Oftentimes, both physicochemical and biological systems are used to treat solid and liquid waste streams.
• Biological systems might be used to treat certain gas streams, but most waste gas streams are treated physicochemical (e.g., cyclones, electrostatic precipitat
ors, scrubbers , bag filters, thermal methods).
• Solids and the sledges or residuals that result from treating the liquid and gaseous waste streams are also treated by means of physical, chemical, and
biological methods.
Potential Sources
physical
(e.g., settling, floatation, screening, sorptio
n , membrane technologies, air stripping)
chemical
(e.g., coagulation, precipitation, chemic
al oxidation and reduction, pH adjustme
nt) operations are referred to as physico
chemical,
biological processes
systems in which microbes are cultured to
metabolize waste constituents (e.g., activated
sludge , trickling filters , bio towers, aerated
lagoons, anaerobic digestion , aerobic digest
ion, composting ).
Treatment systems

Home wastewater Treatment systemHome wastewater Treatment system
Septic Tank

Acids and alkalis treatment….a caseAcids and alkalis treatment….a case
Acids and alkalis can usually be neutralized under controlled conditions.
Neutralization frequently produces a precipitate that will require treatment
as a solid residue that may also be toxic. In some cases, gases may be
evolved requiring treatment for the gas stream. Some other forms of
treatment are usually required following neutralization.
Potential Sources

Note…Environmental Quality StandardsNote…Environmental Quality Standards
National noise standards
Ambient air quality standards Standards for surface water
Environmental Noise Standards
Environmental Pollutant discharge standards

Plant Lay-out diagram 2D/3D/AnimatedPlant Lay-out diagram 2D/3D/Animated
Plant layout design has become a fundamental basis of today's industrial plants which can
influence parts of work efficiency. It is needed to appropriately plan and position employees,
materials, machines, equipment, and other manufacturing supports and facilities to create th
e most effective plant layout.

Industrial Materials & processes

Industrial Materials & processes
Metal
Timbers
Plastics
Plastic Processes
Timber Processes
Metal Processes
Chemicals(other than gas form)
Gases

Industrial Materials & processesIndustrial Materials & processes
Alloys
Ferrous
Non-Ferrous
Metals1 Plastics2 Timbers3
Elastomers
Thermoplastics
Thermoset Plastics
Composites
Manufactured Boards
Softwoods
Hardwoods
A material is a chemical substance or mixture of substances that constitute an object. Materials can be pure or impure, a singular composite or a
complex mix, living or non-living matter, whether natural or man-made, either concrete or abstract. Materials can be classified based on different p
roperties such as physical and chemical properties (see List of materials properties), geological, biological, In the physical sense, materials are st
udied in the field of materials science.
In industry, materials are inputs to production or manufacturing processes. They may either be raw material, that is, unprocessed, or processed b
efore being used in more advanced production processes, either by distillation or synthesis (synthetic materials).

AlloysFerrous Non-Ferrous
Metals1
• Cast iron
• Mild steel
• high carbon steel
• Stainless steel,
• High speed steel
• Aluminum
• Copper
• Tin
• Lead
• Zinc
• Brass
• bronze
• Duralumin

Mechanical Fastening
Drop Forging
Riveting
Metals Process1
Sand CastingExtrusion Rolling Die casting
Metal Turning
Forging Press Work
Milling Welding Finishing

Plastics2
ElastomersThermoplastics Thermosetting Plastics Composites
Can be melted rep
eatedly
Once shaped Can
not be melted
Stretched & soft Mostly wood & plastic
Polyethylene, PVC, Polysty
rene, Nylon, Cellulose Acet
ate, Polypropylene, Acrylic,
ABS
Epoxy resins, polyester me
lamine formaldehyde, urea
formaldehyde,
SBS,SEBS,SBR; butyl rubb
ers,isoprene,EVA,
Fiberglass-GFRS,CFRP

Plastics Process2
ExtrusionInjection Moulding Compression Moulding Vacuum Forming
Laminating Composites
Blow Molding
Rotational Moulding Polymer Welding Mould & Die design
Boss
Web
Draft
Fillet

Timbers3 Manufactured Boards
Softwoods Hardwoods
Coniferous Trees, cone & needle shape leaves
Scots pine, red Seder, Parana pine, spruce
Deciduous Trees, wide leaves
Beech, oak, ash, mahogany, teak, waln
ut, balsa

Timbers Processes3
RoutingSpindle Molding Wood Turning Laminating Adhesive Bonding

Industrial ChemicalsIndustrial Chemicals
Industrial Chemicals developed or manufactured for use in industrial operations or research by industry, government, or academia. it con
verts raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into more than 70,000 different products.
Basic and industrial chemicals are produced in huge quantities and are critical ingredients for products used by both industry and the gener
al consumer.
They include inorganic- and organic-industrial chemicals, ceramic products, petrochemicals, agrochemicals, polymers and rubber (elastom
ers), oleo chemicals (oils, fats, and waxes), explosives, fragrances and flavors and intermediates for chemical processes.
are a broad chemical category including polymers, bulk petrochemicals a
nd intermediates, other derivatives and basic industrials, inorganic chemi
cals, and fertilizers.
.

Industrial ChemicalsIndustrial Chemicals
category of relatively high valued, rapidly growing chemicals with diverse end product market that inclu
de electronic chemicals, industrial gases, adhesives and sealants as well as coatings, industrial and ins
titutional cleaning chemicals, and catalysts.
Consumer products include direct product sale of chemicals such as soaps, detergents, and cosmetics
.
include differentiated chemical and biological substances, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, animal health
products, vitamins, and pesticides.
SULFURIC ACID (H2SO4)
NITROGEN (N2)
ETHYLENE (C2H4)
OXYGEN (O2)
PROPYLENE (C3H6)
CHLORINE (CL2)
ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE (C2H2CL2)
PHOSPHORIC ACID (H3PO4)
AMMONIA (NH3)
SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NAOH)
top-10 produced in excess of 100 million metric tons

Application-by industryApplication-by industry

PRODUCTION PROCESS-industrial chemicalsPRODUCTION PROCESS-industrial chemicals
the chemical industry production involves the use of chemical processes such as chemical reactions and refining (liquid mixture by using se
lective boiling and condensation.)methods to produce a wide variety of solid, liquid, and gaseous materials.
Reaction Refining

Industrial gases are gaseous materials that are manufactured for use in industry. The principal gases provided are nitrogen, oxygen
, carbon dioxide, argon, hydrogen, helium and acetylene; although a huge variety of gases and mixtures are available in gas cylinder
s. The industry producing these gases is known as the industrial gases industry, which is seen as also encompassing the supply of e
quipment and technology to produce and use the gases.[1] Their production is a part of the wider chemical Industry (where industrial g
ases are often seen as "specialty chemicals").
Industrial GasesIndustrial Gases

Industrial Gases applicationsIndustrial Gases applications

Industrials Safety & Hazards
Safety Effectiveness Measure triangle

Industrials Safety & Hazards
Safety & Hazards
Safety and Signs
Personnel Safety
Hazards
Hazard signs

Definition1
Industrials SafetyIndustrials Safety
Objectives of industrial safety: k) to prevent accidents in the plant by reducin
g the hazard to minimum. l) to eliminate accident caused work stoppage and
lost production. m) to achieve lower workmen's compensation, insurance rat
es and reduce all other direct and indirect costs of accidents
Industrial safety refers to the management of all
operations and events within an industry in order
to protect its employees and assets by minimizin
g hazards, risks, accidents, and near misses. Ind
ustrial safety is overseen by federal, state, and l
ocal laws and regulations.

Industrials Safety signsIndustrials Safety signs
Industrial safety signs are commonplace across many industries. They take a variety of forms, but all industrial safety signs are
designed to promote safety by informing workers, operators, and passersby of potential dangers in certain areas, near equipme
nt, or in proximity to hazardous materials.
Indicate a hazard level that falls somewhere between caution a
nd danger, indicating a risk that could result in serious injury or
death if not avoided.
Represent the lowest hazard level, indicating potentially hazardous
situations that may result in minor to moderate injury if not avoided.
Indicate immediate hazards that will result in injury or death if not
avoided.
Used to communicate general information relevant to equipment, a b
uilding, area, or machine. These signs are related to practices that ar
e not related to personal injury.

Personnel SafetyPersonnel Safety

HazardsHazards
Mechanical
Electrical Biological
Nuclear
Fire
Chemical
A possible source of danger is called hazard. A hazard is an agent which has the potential to cause harm to a vulnerable target. The terms "hazard" and "risk" are often
used interchangeably. However, in terms of risk assessment, they are two very distinct terms. A hazard is any agent that can cause harm or damage to humans, property, or
the environment. Risk is defined as the probability that exposure to a hazard will lead to a negative consequence, or more simply, a hazard poses no risk if there is no expos
ure to that hazard.
Hazards can be dormant or potential, with only a theoretical probability of harm. An event that is caused by interaction with a hazard is called an incident. The likely severity
of the undesirable consequences of an incident associated with a hazard, combined with the probability of this occurring, constitute the associated risk. If there is no possibili
ty of a hazard contributing towards an incident, there is no risk.

Hazard-9-ClassesHazard-9-Classes
3-Flammeble solid
1-explossives
2-Gases
4-Flammeble solid 9-Miscellaneous
8-Corrosive
7-Radio Active Materials
6-Poisons & Etiologic Materials
5-oxidizer & organic Peroxides

Industry tech overview by golden coffee business & investment consulting

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Industry tech overview by golden coffee business & investment consulting

Similar to Industry tech overview by golden coffee business & investment consulting (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Industry tech overview by golden coffee business & investment consulting