Response of a Muslim Mind and Spirit to the 20th Century Science and Technology

1. Sami-ud-Din
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities
Sami.uddin@riphah.edu.pk
0333-5952403
12/19/2017 1

2.  “The study of nature”
 “Natural philosophy” (Working Definition)
 The meaning and character of science has changed
over the ages due to progress or retrogress. (atom
indivisible/ divisible particle)
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3.  Progress in Material Science is due to closed
relationship with natural Philosophy the closer the
relationship greater the progress and vice versa
ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫اق‬َ‫ف‬ ْ‫اْل‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ي‬‫آ‬ ْ‫م‬ِ‫يه‬ ِ‫ر‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫س‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ن‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ى‬َّ‫ت‬َ‫ح‬ ْ‫م‬ِ‫ِه‬‫س‬ُّ‫ق‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ال‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
ِ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫ك‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ي‬ ْ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬َ‫أ‬‫يد‬ِ‫َه‬‫ش‬ ٍ‫ء‬ْ‫َي‬‫ش‬(‫فصلت‬:53)
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4.  The art of searching unity in the diversity of life
and cosmos.
 “all science is the search for unity in hidden
likeness” (Bronowski)
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J. Bronowski, “The Nature of Scientific Reasoning in the Norton Reader
4

5.  Unifying apparently diverse and often,
disconnected objects and scientific phenomena.
 Our Methodology: Unifying apparently diverse
and often disconnected objects and events that
occur under the phenomena of natural sciences and
social sciences.
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6.  Natural forces cause:
natural phenomena
 social forces cause
social phenomena
Natural Phenomena ₊ Spiritual Phenomena ₊ Social Phenomena
Modern Science
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7.  The unity or the Oneness, which will be the object of
our Scientific Endeavour,
 Oneness operates at two levels:
1. At Structural Levels,
2. At Functional Levels and
3. At Spiritual Levels
4. Social Levels
 Philosophers, thinkers, scientists, Gnostics,
theologians and poets have all touched upon this unity
in different ways.
 This central theme of unity uniformly pervades
natural philosophy, especially in the Islamic context,
right from ancient to present times.2
12/19/2017
2: Response of the Muslim Spirit to Twentieth Century Science by: Muhammad Sabieh Anwar
7

8.  Heraclitus in the six century BC had
proclaimed that
1. “All things are one”.
2. “The Law is to follow the will of the One”.
3. “Wisdom consists in a single thing only,
namely: to know the thought which governs
and orders everything” 6
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6. Roger Garaudy: the balance sheet of western philosophy
pge:170 vol. 2 no. 2 the American Journal of Islamic Social
Sciences 8

9. Unity in the structure of universe
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10.  First, the structural unity of nature is its unity of form. Despite
the seemingly infinite forms, colors, aromas, textures, sounds,
materials, creatures – living and non-living, abounding our
universe, we can all appreciate a bond of material unity.
Universe is an one-organic-whole like human body 3
Sayyed A. A Maudoodi says: The Universe is indivisible whole 4
ُ َّ‫اّلل‬‫ِي‬‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫او‬َ‫م‬َّ‫س‬‫ال‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫غ‬ِ‫ب‬ٍ‫د‬َ‫م‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َّ‫م‬ُ‫ث‬‫ى‬َ‫و‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬‫ا‬‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ش‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ال‬َّ‫خ‬َ‫س‬ َ‫و‬َ‫ر‬َ‫س‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ش‬‫ال‬
َ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ال‬َ‫و‬‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬‫ي‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ي‬ٍ‫ل‬َ‫ج‬َ ِ‫ِل‬‫ى‬ًّ‫م‬َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫َب‬‫د‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫م‬َ ْ‫اِل‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫ل‬ ِ‫ص‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫ي‬ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ ْ‫اْل‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ِ‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ِ‫ء‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ون‬ُ‫ن‬ِ‫ق‬‫و‬ُ‫ت‬(2)
َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫و‬‫ِي‬‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬َّ‫د‬َ‫م‬َ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ ْ‫اِل‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ج‬َ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫س‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬َ‫و‬‫ا‬ً‫ار‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬َ‫و‬ِ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َّ‫الث‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ج‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ج‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ز‬
ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫اث‬‫ِي‬‫ش‬ْ‫غ‬ُ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬َّ‫الل‬َ‫ار‬َ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ْل‬ٍ‫ت‬‫ا‬ٍ‫م‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ق‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ون‬ُ‫ر‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬(3)‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ َ‫و‬ِ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ ْ‫اِل‬‫ع‬َ‫ط‬ِ‫ق‬
‫ات‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬‫ات‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ج‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ٍ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫أ‬‫ع‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ز‬َ‫و‬‫يل‬ ِ‫خ‬َ‫ن‬َ‫و‬ِ‫ص‬‫ان‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫غ‬َ‫و‬ٍ‫ان‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ن‬ ِ‫ص‬‫ى‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫ي‬ٍ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ب‬ٍ‫د‬ ِ‫اح‬َ‫و‬
ُ‫ل‬ ِ‫ض‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ض‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ٍ‫ْض‬‫ع‬َ‫ب‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ُ ْ‫اِل‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ِ‫ف‬‫ي‬َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬ٍ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ْل‬ٍ‫م‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ق‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ون‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ق‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬(4)ْ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬
‫ب‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ق‬‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫أ‬‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬‫ًا‬‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫ت‬‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫أ‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ٍ‫ق‬ٍ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫د‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ك‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫أ‬َ‫ِين‬‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬‫وا‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ك‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬َ‫ك‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫أ‬َ‫و‬ُ‫ل‬ َ‫َل‬ْ‫غ‬َ ْ‫اِل‬
‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ق‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫أ‬َ‫ك‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫أ‬َ‫و‬ُ‫اب‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ص‬َ‫أ‬ِ‫ار‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ون‬ُ‫د‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬(513:)
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The Reality of Time: Case Studies in Argument Evaluation
10
Towards Understanding Islam p. 95

11.  all physical entities are composed from only a hundred
and ten or so different chemical species, which we call
elements
 Aristotle says four elements have caused life:
1. Fire
2. Air
3. Water
4. Mud or dust
‫قہاری‬‫و‬‫غفاری‬‫و‬‫قدوسی‬‫و‬‫جبروت‬
‫یہ‬‫چار‬‫عناصر‬‫ہوں‬‫تو‬‫بنتا‬‫ہے‬‫مسلمان‬
Natural Phenomena ₊ Social Phenomena Modern Science
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Levity
Gravity
Mud FireWaterAir

12.  We are indeed put to wonder when we come to think of
the fact that all the astonishing diversity teeming
around us reduces to at least some level of simplicity,
encoded in just a finite number of elements.
 At a more miniature level, the elements could also be
reduced to some very fundamental particles and even
further, to abstract mathematical quantities such as
mass, spin and charge.
 But there is still confusion about the number of sub
particles of atom.
 Modern biological research also suggests, that there is
an astonishing structural simplicity and unity across the
living species, in the genetic material that is the “crypt”
of form and behaviour.
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13.  100 Elements
 Mass, Spin and Charge
 20 Amino acids that control countless
functions in human body
 Four elements Fir, Air, Water and Dust
 Atoms
 One Hundred Thousand genes comprising
only four different nitrogenous bases,
encoding all forms of manifestations of life.
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14.  there are only twenty essential amino acids that
virtually control countless functions in the human
body, ranging from the blinking of an eye to the
incessant beating of the heart.
12/19/2017Structures of amino acids 14

15.  Again, there are only one hundred thousand genes,
comprising only four different nitrogenous bases,
encoding all forms of manifestations of life. It is
not suggesting to saying that we understand all of
these manifestations and their relations to the
genetic code, but nevertheless, there is remarkable
unity in the physico-chemical content of all natural
existences. Therefore, the structural unity in nature
is the simplicity of the material, or the “stuff” from
which substances are made up of.
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16. ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ََ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ َّ‫الس‬َ َ‫ض‬ْ‫َر‬ْ‫اْل‬َ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ََ‫ين‬ِ‫ب‬ِ‫ع‬ َ‫َل‬(16)َْ‫و‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫د‬َ‫ر‬َ‫أ‬َْ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬
ََ‫ذ‬ِ‫خ‬َّ‫ت‬َ‫ن‬‫ا‬ً‫و‬ْ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬َ‫اه‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫خ‬َّ‫ت‬ َ‫َل‬َْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬‫د‬َ‫ل‬َْ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬‫ك‬ََ‫ين‬ِ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬(17)َْ‫ل‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ذ‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ن‬َِ‫ق‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ِ‫ب‬
‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َِ‫ل‬ِ‫اط‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬‫غ‬َ‫م‬ْ‫د‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫ف‬ََ‫و‬‫ه‬َ‫ق‬ِ‫اه‬َ‫ز‬َ‫م‬‫ك‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ا‬َّ‫م‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ص‬َ‫ت‬ََ‫ن‬‫و‬(18)
َ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬َْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬َِ‫ات‬َ‫او‬َ‫م‬ َّ‫الس‬َِ‫ض‬ْ‫َر‬ْ‫اْل‬َ‫و‬َْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬َِ‫ع‬َ‫ه‬َ‫د‬ْ‫ن‬ََ‫َل‬ََ‫ن‬‫و‬‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫س‬َ‫ي‬ََ‫ع‬َْ‫ن‬
َِ‫ه‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫اد‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ع‬ََ‫َل‬َ‫و‬ََ‫ن‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ِ‫س‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫س‬َ‫ي‬(19)ََ‫ن‬‫و‬‫ح‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫س‬‫ي‬ََ‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬َّ‫الل‬ََّ‫الن‬َ‫و‬ََ‫ار‬َ‫ه‬ََ‫َل‬ََ‫ن‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ت‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ي‬
(20:21)
َْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ََ‫ن‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬َ‫د‬ ْ‫ش‬ُّ‫الر‬ََ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬َِ‫ي‬َ‫غ‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬َْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫ف‬َْ‫ك‬َ‫ي‬َْ‫ر‬‫ف‬َِ‫وت‬‫اغ‬َّ‫الط‬ِ‫ب‬َْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ؤ‬‫ي‬َ‫و‬‫ا‬ِ‫ب‬ََِّ‫ّلل‬َِ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ف‬
ََ‫ك‬ َ‫س‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫اس‬َِ‫ة‬َ‫و‬ ْ‫ر‬‫ع‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ِ‫ب‬‫ى‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ث‬‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ََ‫َل‬ََ‫ص‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬‫ا‬ََ‫ام‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ََّ‫ّللا‬ َ‫و‬َ‫يع‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫س‬َ‫يم‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
(2562:)
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17. Functional Unity
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18.  The laws according to which nature is governed,
can only be reduced to some very simple
frameworks. The falling of an apple onto the
ground, the shining of our sun which is the fuel for
all life on earth, the burning of a log of fire and the
orchestrated dance of a butterfly, are all controlled
and understood in terms of simple principles or
laws.
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19. َ‫د‬َ‫س‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ل‬ ُ َّ‫اّلل‬ َّ‫َّل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬َ‫ه‬ِ‫ل‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ِ‫يه‬ِ‫ف‬ َ‫َان‬‫ك‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ال‬ ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ ِ َّ‫اّلل‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ت‬‫ا‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ع‬ ِ‫ش‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬
َ‫ون‬ُ‫ف‬ ِ‫ص‬َ‫ي‬(22)ُ‫ي‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ل‬َ‫أ‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫َّل‬َ‫ون‬ُ‫ل‬َ‫أ‬ْ‫س‬(23)ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ذ‬َ‫خ‬َّ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ِ‫م‬َ‫أ‬
ْ‫ك‬ِ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ُر‬‫ب‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬ ً‫ة‬َ‫ه‬ِ‫ل‬‫آ‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ك‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬
ْ‫ع‬ُ‫م‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ف‬ َّ‫ق‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ال‬ َ‫ون‬ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫َّل‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫ث‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫أ‬َ‫ون‬ُُ ِ‫ر‬(2421:)
ُ‫م‬‫و‬ُّ‫ي‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ال‬ ُّ‫ي‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ال‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬ َّ‫َّل‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫َّل‬ ُ َّ‫اّلل‬َ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ن‬ َ‫َّل‬َ‫و‬ ‫ة‬َ‫ن‬ِ‫س‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ذ‬ُ‫خ‬ْ‫أ‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫َّل‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ه‬
‫ِي‬‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ ْ‫اِل‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫او‬َ‫م‬َّ‫س‬‫ال‬ِ‫ب‬ َّ‫َّل‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫د‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ع‬ ُ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ي‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬
‫ي‬ ِ‫ُح‬‫ي‬ َ‫َّل‬َ‫و‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ْ‫م‬ِ‫ِيه‬‫د‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬َّ‫َّل‬ِ‫إ‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ٍ‫ء‬ْ‫َي‬‫ش‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ون‬ُ‫ط‬َ‫ء‬‫َا‬‫ش‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ب‬
َ‫و‬ َ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ ْ‫اِل‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫او‬َ‫م‬َّ‫س‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ه‬ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫س‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ك‬ َ‫ع‬ِ‫س‬َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ظ‬ْ‫ف‬ ِ‫ح‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫د‬‫و‬ُ‫ئ‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫َّل‬ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ال‬ َ‫و‬
ُ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ظ‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ال‬(2552:)
12/19/2017 19

20.  These postulates could be understood to be the
habit of nature. As an example, the interactions
between all particles present in our universe are all
controlled by just two or three forces and a major
thrust in modern science remains to unify these
forces into just one.
َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ً‫اق‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ط‬ ٍ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫او‬َ‫م‬َ‫س‬ َ‫ع‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ ‫ِي‬‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬ِ‫م‬ ِ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ح‬َّ‫الر‬ ِ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ن‬
ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫ل‬َ‫ه‬ َ‫ر‬َ‫ص‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ال‬ ِ‫ع‬ ِ‫ج‬ْ‫ار‬َ‫ف‬ ٍ‫ت‬ُ‫او‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ٍ‫ور‬ُ‫ط‬ُ‫ف‬(3)َ‫ر‬َ‫ص‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ال‬ ِ‫ع‬ ِ‫ج‬ْ‫ار‬ َّ‫م‬ُ‫ث‬
َ‫خ‬ ُ‫ر‬َ‫ص‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ال‬ َ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ي‬ ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ت‬َّ‫َر‬‫ك‬‫ِير‬‫س‬َ‫ح‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ئ‬ِ‫س‬‫ا‬(67:3,4)
12/19/2017 20

21.  The pinnacle of the grand unification theory or the
GUT as it is called, is to reach at just one simple
and beautiful mathematical equation that unifies
all the major theories claiming to be faithful
representations of our natural environment. By
changing the conditions in this extremely powerful
and far-reaching equation, one could for example,
explain anything from a honeybee’s whisper to a
supernova explosion!
The British philosopher of physics, John Polkinghorne suggests that the only
unification ever possible is a unified theology, and not a unified science
Supernova:Astarthatsuddenlybecomes
muchbrighterbecauseitisexploding

22.  The principle of “Islamic science”, if there were
such a term to be justifiably used, used was that
the cosmos is to be viewed as one organic whole³.
Islamic science aimed at unraveling the inherent
unity in nature, finding a vertical unity in the many
horizontal folds of multiplicity.
12/19/2017S.H. Nasar “Science and Civilization in Islam” 22

23.  Moreover, the unity of nature is to be seen as a
reflection of the Unity of Allah. The design of the
universe is such that it necessarily leads to the
existence of a Supreme Cause – the Divine Being,
which we call Allah.³
 Universe is an one-organic-whole like human body
12/19/2017
3. Muhammad Sabieh Anwar, The response of Muslim Mind and
Spirit to the 20th Century Sciencee 23

24.  Nevertheless, the Muslim scientific endeavor
remained a constant exercise of searching for
unity. Natural Unity became a direct witness to the
Unity of Allah and natural order became a stark
reflection of Divine leadership. It was this very
Islamic science that became a Unitarian approach
of looking at nature and a straightforward
extension of the treasure hunt for the ayat or signs
pointing towards a higher monotheism,
12/19/2017 24
َ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫اق‬َ‫ف‬ ْ‫اْل‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ي‬‫آ‬ ْ‫م‬ِ‫يه‬ ِ‫ر‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫س‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ى‬َّ‫ت‬َ‫ح‬ ْ‫م‬ِ‫ِه‬‫س‬ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ن‬
ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫ك‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ي‬ ْ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬َ‫أ‬ ُّ‫ق‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ال‬‫يد‬ِ‫َه‬‫ش‬ ٍ‫ء‬ْ‫َي‬‫ش‬ ِ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬(‫فص‬‫لت‬:53)
َ‫ين‬ِ‫ن‬ِ‫ق‬‫و‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ‫ات‬َ‫ي‬‫آ‬ ِ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ ْ‫اِل‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫و‬(20)َ‫أ‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫س‬ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫و‬َ‫ون‬ُ‫ر‬ ِ‫ص‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫ت‬ َ‫َل‬َ‫ف‬
(2151:20,)

25.  Therefore for Muslims, in their times of
ascendance, science had a meaning only in the
matrix of Islam, or the fabric of Unity. So much so,
“science” didn’t have an expression in Arabic
other than the all-embracive term “ilm”. Science
was nothing over and above the quest for Tauheed,
it was a human attempt at deciphering a cosmic
unity, reflective of a higher unity.
 “Arts and sciences in Islam are based on unity*
12/19/2017* S.H.Nasr, “Science and Civilisation in Islam”. 25

26.  The modern science is laden with
quantitative world view of the Western
Scientists why the Muslim Science is
objective and having alignment with natural
discourse.
 Due to this reason the response of a Muslim
must be different from the response of a
non-Muslim to the Modern Science.
12/19/2017 26

27.  In Islamic view point science and Religion are not two
different entities but both are one organ and science is
declared as the poster sister of the religion of Islam.
That is why every Muslim researcher has started his
research with the Bismillah and then declaring the
Prophet Muhammad (‫)ﷺ‬ is the source of knowledge
and has finished his work with thanking Allah to
furnish a way for his work. Muslims had gotten every
useful knowledge from where they found. Muslims
were considering progress in science useful in
inheritance, legacies, partitions, law suits and trade and
in all their dealings with one another; or where
measuring of lands, digging of canals, geometrical
computation and other objects of various kinds are
concerned
12/19/2017 27