By Syed Samar Naqvi

2. Submitted to: MAM ASMA SAEED
Submitted by: SYED SAMAR ABBAS
Roll No. : 376
Class : BS(H) 2nd Semester Morning
APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
GC UNIVERSITY FAISALABAD.

3. TOPIC…

4. TRANSLATION
The process of translating words or text from
one language into another.
Translation is the communication of
the meaning of a source-language text by means
of an equivalent target-language text.

5. The word ‘translation’ comes from a Latin term which
means “to bring or carry across”.
Another relevant term comes from the Ancient Greek
word of ‘metaphrasis’ which means “to speak across”
And from this, the term ‘metaphrase’ was born, which
means a “word-for-word translation”.

6.  Translation was carried out as early as the
Mesopotamian era when the Sumerian poem, Gilgamesh,
was translated into Asian languages. This dates back to
around the second millennium BC.
 Ancient Greek texts were also translated by Roman
poets.

7. When the Greeks were conquered, their works
were taken in by Arabic scholars who translated
them and created their own versions of the
scientific, entertainment and philosophical
understandings.

8. Famous translators
Chinese monk Xuanzang (In 645 AD)
>Translated 74 volumes on Indian Buddhist scripts into
Chinese.
Gregory Rabassa (American translator 20th Cent)
>Translated numerous Latin documents into English.

9. The need for translation became greater with the
development of religious texts and spiritual
theories.
 As religion developed, the desire to spread the
word and encourage faith means that religious
texts needed to be available in multiple languages.
It is needed to spread knowledge and information
across the world.

11. 1. Excellent writing skills
2. Advanced language knowledge and ability
3. Attention to detail
4. Sound translation and review processes
5. Cultural intelligence
6. Observation

12. 7. Computer skills
8. Time management

13. 1.EXCELLENT WRITING
SKILLS
 Translators must be very good, and not merely
adequate, writers in the target language. They need
a way with words, the ability to write with flair.
They also need to be able to write well across a
variety of text styles.

14. 2. ADVANCED LANGUAGE
KNOWLEDGE AND ABILITY
Translators need excellent knowledge of the language
they translate from.
Translating from a language you know somewhat but not
to a high level risks making errors you won’t even be aware
you’ve made.
Thus acquiring a genuinely advanced level in the second
language is a must-have skill for the professional translator.

15. 3. ATTENTION TO DETAIL
They need excellent attention to detail, the tenacity to
solve translation difficulties, must be highly accurate, and
have the application to follow systematic processes to
ensure accuracy.
Good translators are often perfectionists and take pride in
their professionalism and the quality of their work.

16. 4. SOUND TRANSLATION
AND REVIEW PROCESSES
Because the act of translating involves
surprisingly complex mental processing, it is a
challenging and demanding task.
Therefore unless sound methodology is used, the
resulting translations can have shortcomings,
sometimes serious.

17. 5. CULTURAL
INTELLIGENCE
As a translator, you often have to deal with the cultural
barrier between two different countries.
To be able to give your all to a translation, especially
where localization or transcreation techniques are required,
you’ll need to be culturally intelligent.

18. 6. OBSERVATION
Try to become a word collector in all your languages
of interest, from Russian and Ukrainian, to English,
Chinese or Arabic. Technical terms, new concepts,
patterns, and anything else that might help you
understand how natives think. Social media can be a
good source for this.

19. 7. COMPUTER SKILLS
As more clients require translations to be
done directly on their websites or through
their in-house applications, you’ll need to
improve your computer skills constantly

20. 8. TIME MANAGEMENT
Most translators work from home or take
individual projects as freelancers, so learning
to organize your working hours is a must. Time is
money, so you need to learn to keep a consistent
working schedule.

21. You need a lot of time and practice to become a good
translator. But master these skills and you’ll become a
great translator! Learn to evaluate yourself objectively
and never assume that you have nothing left to learn.
This is a challenging job, where you have to change
style and reinvent yourself almost every time you start a
new project.