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The Contemporary World

This document discusses the topics of globalization, economic globalization, global politics, global governance, and the world of regions. It provides information on key concepts related to each topic, such as definitions of globalization, descriptions of the historical development of international trade systems, explanations of the state and nation in global politics, an overview of the United Nations as a prominent international organization, and definitions of regionalization and regionalism.

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Society and Cultures of the World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 1 CONTEMPORARY WORLD
Globalization • Globalization • Manfred Stager • Process as Expansion and Intensification of social relations and consciousness across world time and across work-space. • Expansion • Creation of new social networks and multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional political, economic, cultural and geographic boundaries • Social Media • Global Connection • NGO • Networks that connect specific group e.g. global social advocates and activists 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 2
Globalization • Intensification • Refers to the expansion, stretching and acceleration of networks • Connections are multiplying, becoming more closely-knit and expanding their reach • E.g. Strong financial market between London and New York, advent of electronic trading, volume of electronic trade increase thus the world becomes financially integrated 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 3
Globalization •Globalism • Widespread belief among powerful people that the global integration of economic markets is beneficial for everyone 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 4
Globalization • Arjun Appadurai • Anthropologist who proposed that kinds of globalization occur on multiple and intersecting dimensions of integration • Ethnoscape • Global movement of people • Mediascape • Flow of culture • Technoscape • Circulation of mechanical goods and software • Financescape • Global Circulation of Money • Ideoscape • Realm where political ideas move around 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 5
Economic Globalization • Economic Globalization • International Monetary Fund: Historical process representing the result of human innovation and technological progress • Characteristic: Increasing integration of economies around the world through the movement of goods, services and capital across borders • GDP Trade: From 42.1% in 1980 to 62.1% in 2007 • Mode: From Physical Matter to Downloadable Data E.g. Books to E-books and CDs to iTunes 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 6
Economic Globalization • International Trading System • Silk Road • Oldest known international trade route • From China trough Middle East to Europe • Opened by Han dynasty in 130 BC until closed by Ottoman empire in 1453 AD • International only but not Global since it did not reach America • Gold • Common basis for currency prices and fixed exchange rate system led by Europe and US at the International Money Conference in 1867 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 7
Economic Globalization • Bretton Wood System • Inaugurated in 1944 during the UN Monetary and Financial Conference • Aim is to prevent past financial catastrophes (Usually brought by wars) from reoccurring and affecting international ties • John Maynard Keynes • Influenced Bretton Wood System • Believed that economic crisis occur not when a country does not have enough money, but when is not being spent and, thereby, not moving 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 8
Economic Globalization • Bretton Wood System • Created financial institutions: • World Bank or International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) • Reconstruct War devastated world cities • International Monetary Fund (IMF) • Global Lender to prevent countries from credit crises • Global Keynesianism • Role of governments in managing spending • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) • Created in 1947 with the purpose of reducing tariffs and other hindrance to free trade 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 9
Global Politics • International Relations • Jeremy Bentham • British Philosopher in 1780 • Coined the word “International” • Political interactions between states • World Politics • Key Attributes • Countries/ States are Independent • Countries/ States interact with each other with diplomacy • United Nations (UN) facilitates these interactions • UN has agencies e.g. World Health Organization (WHO), World Food Organization (WFO) and International Labor Organization (ILO) 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 10
Global Politics • State • Country and its government • Attributes • Territory • Sovereign over its territory • Internal Sovereignty • Laws abided by International Organizations operating inside the State • External Sovereignty • Independent from intervention from other state • Government • Authority over its citizens 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 11
Global Politics • Nation • Benedict Anderson: Imagined Community i.e. feeling of connection with community even he will not meet them in his lifetime • E.g. Filipino cheering for Manny Pacquiao even he do not personally know the Filipino Athlete • E.g. Bangsamoro is a nation seeking to become a state 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 12
Global Politics • Metternich System • Named after Klemens von Metternich • Austrian Diplomat • Architect of Metternich System to counter Napoleon Bonaparte • Restored the “Great powers” • Great Powers • United Kingdom, Austria, Russia and Prussia • Still hold significant influence over world politics • Internationalism • Interaction between various sovereign states, particularly the desire for greater cooperation and unity among states 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 13
Global Governance • International Organization • Powers: • Classification • E.g. Classifying Refugees (Foreign, Alien, Immigrants etc.) • Fix Meanings • E.g. Security as Safety from Military Violence and Environmental Harm • Diffuse Norms • Norms are accepted codes of conduct that may be strict law and produce regularity in behavior • Establishing Global Standards of Norms 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 14
Global Governance • International Organization • United Nations • Most important International Organization • Created after World War II • Primary Goal is to avert another global war • Has 193 Member States • Five Organs: • General Assembly (GA) • Main deliberative Policymaking and representative organ • Decides on most important questions e.g. peace and security, admission of new members and budgetary matters • Require 2/3 of the members to decide 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 15
Global Governance • International Organization • United Nations • Five Organs: • General Assembly (GA) • Elects GA President annually for 1 term of office • Carlos P. Romulo (President, GA, 1949-1950) • Security Council • Most Powerful Organ • Consist of 15 Member States (10 Elected by GA for 2-year Term and the other is known as the Permanent 5 (China, France, Russia, UK and US) which is permanent from the founding of UN and cannot be replaced through election 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 16
Global Governance • International Organization • United Nations • Five Organs: • Security Council • Takes the lead in determining the existence of threat to the peace or an act of aggression • Calls upon the parties to a dispute to settle the act by peaceful means and recommends methods of adjustment or terms of settlement • Can resort to imposing sanctions or even authorizing the use of force to maintain or restore international peace and security • Permanent 5 (P5) member has veto power to stop a Security Council action dead in its tracts. Hence P5 is heir to the tradition of great power diplomacy of Metternich System 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 17
Global Governance • International Organization • United Nations • Five Organs: • Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) • Principal Body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on social and environmental issues as well as the implementation of internationally agreed development goals • Has 54 States Members elected for 3-year terms. • Central platform for discussion on sustainable development • International Court of Justice • Task is to settle, in accordance to international law, legal disputes submitted to it by states and to give advisory opinions • Different from International Criminal Court 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 18
Global Governance • International Organization • United Nations • Five Organs: • Secretariat • Consist of Secretary General and 10,000 international UN Staff members 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 19
Global Governance • International Organization • United Nations • Salvador P. Lopez • Filipino • Chairman, UN Commission on Human Rights • Designed the system whereby any citizen of any state may petition the UN to look into human rights violations in a country • Limitations: • UN is not a World Government • Function because of voluntary cooperation from states e.g. rapporteurs must be invited and placed under conditions by the state being investigated 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 20
World of Regions • Governments, Associations, Societies, Groups • Form regional organizations or networks as way of coping with the challenges of globalization • E.g. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) • Member countries: Brunei, Cambodia, Lao, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, • Regions • Not natural • Constructed and defined by policymakers 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 21
World of Regions • Regions • Edward D. Mansfield and Helen V. Milner: A group of countries located in the same geographically specified area • Regionalization • Regional concentration of economic flaws • Regionalism • Political process characterize by economic policy cooperation and coordination among countries 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 22
World of Regions • China • Large country, have enough resources, offers its cheap and huge workforce to attract foreign businesses and expand trade with countries it once considered its enemies (US, Japan) but now sees as markets for its goods • Singapore and Switzerland • Compensate for their lack of resources by turning their themselves into financial and banking hubs 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 23
World of Regions • Singapore • Developed its harbor facilities and made them a first class transit port for ships carrying different commodities from Africa, Europe, Middle East, Southeast Asia and Asia-Pacific • Regional Associations • Purpose • Military Defense e.g. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed during the Cold War when several Western European countries plus the United States agreed to protect Europe against the treat of Soviet Union 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 24
World of Regions • Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) • Members: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela • Established in 1960 • Member countries pool their resources, get better return for their exports and expand their leverage against their trading partners 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 25
World of Regions • Non-aligned Movement (NAM) • Members: Egypt, Ghana, India, Indonesia and Yugoslavia • Established in 1961 • Member countries form regional blocks to protect their independence from pressures of superpower politics • Created to pursue world peace, international cooperation, human rights, national sovereignty, racial and national inequality, non-intervention and peaceful conflict resolution • Called “non-aligned” because of refusal to side with either the First World capitalist democracies in Western Europe and North America or the communist states in Eastern Europe • Members today: 120 countries 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 26
World of Regions • Non-State Regionalism • Rainforest Foundation • Established by activists to protect indigenous peoples and rainforests in Brazil, Guyana, Panama and Peru • Regional Interfaith Youth Networks • Formed by youth Christians across Asia, Africa, Middle East, America and Caribbean • Migrant Forum in Asia • Network of NGOs and trade unions committed in protecting and promoting the rights and welfare of migrant workers 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 27
Media and Globalization • Media • Jack Lule: Conveying something such as channel of communication • Plural of medium (In between) • Marshall McLuhan: Media (Referring on television since he wrote this in 1960) reshape social behavior and reorient family behavior. Media are turning the world into a “global village.” • Hello Kitty • Proof of Japan’s influence over global culture 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 28
Global City • Globalization • Spatial because it occurs in physical spaces e.g. Skyscrapers • People in urban areas: 30% in 1950 to 54% in 2014 and expected to reach 66% in 2050 • Global City • Saskia Sassen • Sociologist • Popularized “global city” in 1990s • Criteria of Global City: Primarily Economic • Global Cities: New York, London and Tokyo 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 29
Global City • Stock Exchange • New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in New York, USA • Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE) in London, UK • Nikkei in Tokyo, Japan • Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) Shanghai, China • Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) in Manila, Philippines • Money Trading Comparison • NYSE - $ 19,300 B • PSE - $ 231.3 B 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 30
Global City • Global City Attributes • Economic power • Market Size (Number of traders) • Purchasing power of citizens • Size of middle class (businessmen) • Center of Authority (Capital cities) • Shanghai • Worlds busiest container port with over 33 Million container units moved in 2013 • Singapore (City, Island and Country) • Asia’s most competitive city • Strong market • Efficient and incorruptible government • Livability • Houses regional offices of many global corporations 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 31
Global City • Global City Attributes • Political Influence • Washington D.C. • Seat of American state of power • Brussels, Belgium • Headquarters of European Union • New York • Headquarters of United Nations • Jakarta, Indonesia • Headquarters of ASEAN • Frankfurt, Germany • European Central Bank 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 32
Global City • Global City Attributes • Higher learning and culture • New York • New York Times Newspaper • Boston • Harvard University • Los Angeles • Hollywood • San Francisco • Headquarters of Facebook, Twitter and Google • Copenhagen, Denmark • Culinary capital of the world 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 33
Global City • Gentrification • Driving out of the poor in favor of newer and wealthier residents • Banlieue • Poor Muslim migrants are forced out of Paris and have clustered around ethnic enclaves in France 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 34
Movement and Sustainability • Global Demography • Number of children • Rural and Poor Urban • Tend to have more children for farming (Crop cultivation, planting harvesting) and hawk their wares on streets • Urbanized, educated and professionals • Tend to have fewer children • Tied down or committed to profession • Lesser time to devote to kids and parenting • Saving plans on healthcare and education of children • Have more access to birth control 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 35
Food • Food • Eaten that satisfies appetite in order to meet physiological needs for growth, maintaining body processes and supply energy to maintain body heat and activities • One of the most crucial needs of human beings • People cannot live and survive without 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 36
Food • Functions of Food • Maintains physiological process by giving sustenance to the body • Symbolic experience and representation • Continuum life for the human species • Shape national boundaries and identities 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 37
Food • Pillars of Food Security • Food Availability • Sufficient and consistent quantities • Food Access • Enough resources to obtain • Food Use • Nutrition and Health 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 38
Global Migration • Migration • Movement of people from one place to another • Domestic/ Internal Migration • Within Country • Foreign/ International Migration • Outside Country • Immigrants • Permanently moved to another country • Workers in fixed period • E.g. 6 months • Illegal Immigrants • Alien • Petitioned Migrants • By families • Refugees • Asylum 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 39
Global Migration • Migration • Emigration • Going-out of Country • Immigration • Coming-in of Country • Migrants • 247 Million as of 2018 • 90% Workers • 10% Asylee • 18% from Latin America • 16% from Eastern Europe and Central Asia • 14% from Middle East and North Africa • Destination: Europe, Middle East and United States 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 40
Global Migration • Remittance • $ 580 B in 2014 • India ($ 70 B) • China ($ 62 B) • Philippines ($ 28 B) • Mexico ($ 25 B) • Brain Drain • 52% of Filipino college graduate migrated • 23% of Filipino population • White/Blue Collar change • From Doctors, Engineers and Managers to Industrial and Domestic Works 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 41
Activity • Topic • Migration • Situation • As an OFW • Instruction • Discussion • Cite an OFW (Family, Relatives, Friends, Neighbor, et al) • Question • What changed in their house, dress, vehicles? • How are people cope with frequent departure and arrival? • What changed happened to migrant in the way they dress, talk, look at other people, et al? 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 42
Global Migration • Human Trafficking • 3rd largest global crime in 2012 according to FBI • Victims of Forced Labor (21 M people) equivalent to 3 of every 1000 person worldwide • Sexually abused (22% or 4.5 M person) 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 43
Consumatum Est • It • Is • Finished! 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM 44 Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr.
10-45 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published in the Republic of the Philippines. 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr.

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The Contemporary World

  • 1.
    Society and Culturesof the World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 1 CONTEMPORARY WORLD
  • 2.
    Globalization • Globalization • ManfredStager • Process as Expansion and Intensification of social relations and consciousness across world time and across work-space. • Expansion • Creation of new social networks and multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional political, economic, cultural and geographic boundaries • Social Media • Global Connection • NGO • Networks that connect specific group e.g. global social advocates and activists 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 2
  • 3.
    Globalization • Intensification • Refersto the expansion, stretching and acceleration of networks • Connections are multiplying, becoming more closely-knit and expanding their reach • E.g. Strong financial market between London and New York, advent of electronic trading, volume of electronic trade increase thus the world becomes financially integrated 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 3
  • 4.
    Globalization •Globalism • Widespread belief among powerful peoplethat the global integration of economic markets is beneficial for everyone 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 4
  • 5.
    Globalization • Arjun Appadurai •Anthropologist who proposed that kinds of globalization occur on multiple and intersecting dimensions of integration • Ethnoscape • Global movement of people • Mediascape • Flow of culture • Technoscape • Circulation of mechanical goods and software • Financescape • Global Circulation of Money • Ideoscape • Realm where political ideas move around 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 5
  • 6.
    Economic Globalization • EconomicGlobalization • International Monetary Fund: Historical process representing the result of human innovation and technological progress • Characteristic: Increasing integration of economies around the world through the movement of goods, services and capital across borders • GDP Trade: From 42.1% in 1980 to 62.1% in 2007 • Mode: From Physical Matter to Downloadable Data E.g. Books to E-books and CDs to iTunes 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 6
  • 7.
    Economic Globalization • InternationalTrading System • Silk Road • Oldest known international trade route • From China trough Middle East to Europe • Opened by Han dynasty in 130 BC until closed by Ottoman empire in 1453 AD • International only but not Global since it did not reach America • Gold • Common basis for currency prices and fixed exchange rate system led by Europe and US at the International Money Conference in 1867 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 7
  • 8.
    Economic Globalization • BrettonWood System • Inaugurated in 1944 during the UN Monetary and Financial Conference • Aim is to prevent past financial catastrophes (Usually brought by wars) from reoccurring and affecting international ties • John Maynard Keynes • Influenced Bretton Wood System • Believed that economic crisis occur not when a country does not have enough money, but when is not being spent and, thereby, not moving 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 8
  • 9.
    Economic Globalization • BrettonWood System • Created financial institutions: • World Bank or International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) • Reconstruct War devastated world cities • International Monetary Fund (IMF) • Global Lender to prevent countries from credit crises • Global Keynesianism • Role of governments in managing spending • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) • Created in 1947 with the purpose of reducing tariffs and other hindrance to free trade 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 9
  • 10.
    Global Politics • InternationalRelations • Jeremy Bentham • British Philosopher in 1780 • Coined the word “International” • Political interactions between states • World Politics • Key Attributes • Countries/ States are Independent • Countries/ States interact with each other with diplomacy • United Nations (UN) facilitates these interactions • UN has agencies e.g. World Health Organization (WHO), World Food Organization (WFO) and International Labor Organization (ILO) 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 10
  • 11.
    Global Politics • State •Country and its government • Attributes • Territory • Sovereign over its territory • Internal Sovereignty • Laws abided by International Organizations operating inside the State • External Sovereignty • Independent from intervention from other state • Government • Authority over its citizens 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 11
  • 12.
    Global Politics • Nation •Benedict Anderson: Imagined Community i.e. feeling of connection with community even he will not meet them in his lifetime • E.g. Filipino cheering for Manny Pacquiao even he do not personally know the Filipino Athlete • E.g. Bangsamoro is a nation seeking to become a state 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 12
  • 13.
    Global Politics • MetternichSystem • Named after Klemens von Metternich • Austrian Diplomat • Architect of Metternich System to counter Napoleon Bonaparte • Restored the “Great powers” • Great Powers • United Kingdom, Austria, Russia and Prussia • Still hold significant influence over world politics • Internationalism • Interaction between various sovereign states, particularly the desire for greater cooperation and unity among states 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 13
  • 14.
    Global Governance • InternationalOrganization • Powers: • Classification • E.g. Classifying Refugees (Foreign, Alien, Immigrants etc.) • Fix Meanings • E.g. Security as Safety from Military Violence and Environmental Harm • Diffuse Norms • Norms are accepted codes of conduct that may be strict law and produce regularity in behavior • Establishing Global Standards of Norms 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 14
  • 15.
    Global Governance • InternationalOrganization • United Nations • Most important International Organization • Created after World War II • Primary Goal is to avert another global war • Has 193 Member States • Five Organs: • General Assembly (GA) • Main deliberative Policymaking and representative organ • Decides on most important questions e.g. peace and security, admission of new members and budgetary matters • Require 2/3 of the members to decide 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 15
  • 16.
    Global Governance • InternationalOrganization • United Nations • Five Organs: • General Assembly (GA) • Elects GA President annually for 1 term of office • Carlos P. Romulo (President, GA, 1949-1950) • Security Council • Most Powerful Organ • Consist of 15 Member States (10 Elected by GA for 2-year Term and the other is known as the Permanent 5 (China, France, Russia, UK and US) which is permanent from the founding of UN and cannot be replaced through election 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 16
  • 17.
    Global Governance • InternationalOrganization • United Nations • Five Organs: • Security Council • Takes the lead in determining the existence of threat to the peace or an act of aggression • Calls upon the parties to a dispute to settle the act by peaceful means and recommends methods of adjustment or terms of settlement • Can resort to imposing sanctions or even authorizing the use of force to maintain or restore international peace and security • Permanent 5 (P5) member has veto power to stop a Security Council action dead in its tracts. Hence P5 is heir to the tradition of great power diplomacy of Metternich System 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 17
  • 18.
    Global Governance • InternationalOrganization • United Nations • Five Organs: • Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) • Principal Body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on social and environmental issues as well as the implementation of internationally agreed development goals • Has 54 States Members elected for 3-year terms. • Central platform for discussion on sustainable development • International Court of Justice • Task is to settle, in accordance to international law, legal disputes submitted to it by states and to give advisory opinions • Different from International Criminal Court 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 18
  • 19.
    Global Governance • InternationalOrganization • United Nations • Five Organs: • Secretariat • Consist of Secretary General and 10,000 international UN Staff members 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 19
  • 20.
    Global Governance • InternationalOrganization • United Nations • Salvador P. Lopez • Filipino • Chairman, UN Commission on Human Rights • Designed the system whereby any citizen of any state may petition the UN to look into human rights violations in a country • Limitations: • UN is not a World Government • Function because of voluntary cooperation from states e.g. rapporteurs must be invited and placed under conditions by the state being investigated 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 20
  • 21.
    World of Regions •Governments, Associations, Societies, Groups • Form regional organizations or networks as way of coping with the challenges of globalization • E.g. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) • Member countries: Brunei, Cambodia, Lao, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, • Regions • Not natural • Constructed and defined by policymakers 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 21
  • 22.
    World of Regions •Regions • Edward D. Mansfield and Helen V. Milner: A group of countries located in the same geographically specified area • Regionalization • Regional concentration of economic flaws • Regionalism • Political process characterize by economic policy cooperation and coordination among countries 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 22
  • 23.
    World of Regions •China • Large country, have enough resources, offers its cheap and huge workforce to attract foreign businesses and expand trade with countries it once considered its enemies (US, Japan) but now sees as markets for its goods • Singapore and Switzerland • Compensate for their lack of resources by turning their themselves into financial and banking hubs 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 23
  • 24.
    World of Regions •Singapore • Developed its harbor facilities and made them a first class transit port for ships carrying different commodities from Africa, Europe, Middle East, Southeast Asia and Asia-Pacific • Regional Associations • Purpose • Military Defense e.g. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed during the Cold War when several Western European countries plus the United States agreed to protect Europe against the treat of Soviet Union 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 24
  • 25.
    World of Regions •Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) • Members: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela • Established in 1960 • Member countries pool their resources, get better return for their exports and expand their leverage against their trading partners 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 25
  • 26.
    World of Regions •Non-aligned Movement (NAM) • Members: Egypt, Ghana, India, Indonesia and Yugoslavia • Established in 1961 • Member countries form regional blocks to protect their independence from pressures of superpower politics • Created to pursue world peace, international cooperation, human rights, national sovereignty, racial and national inequality, non-intervention and peaceful conflict resolution • Called “non-aligned” because of refusal to side with either the First World capitalist democracies in Western Europe and North America or the communist states in Eastern Europe • Members today: 120 countries 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 26
  • 27.
    World of Regions •Non-State Regionalism • Rainforest Foundation • Established by activists to protect indigenous peoples and rainforests in Brazil, Guyana, Panama and Peru • Regional Interfaith Youth Networks • Formed by youth Christians across Asia, Africa, Middle East, America and Caribbean • Migrant Forum in Asia • Network of NGOs and trade unions committed in protecting and promoting the rights and welfare of migrant workers 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 27
  • 28.
    Media and Globalization •Media • Jack Lule: Conveying something such as channel of communication • Plural of medium (In between) • Marshall McLuhan: Media (Referring on television since he wrote this in 1960) reshape social behavior and reorient family behavior. Media are turning the world into a “global village.” • Hello Kitty • Proof of Japan’s influence over global culture 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 28
  • 29.
    Global City • Globalization •Spatial because it occurs in physical spaces e.g. Skyscrapers • People in urban areas: 30% in 1950 to 54% in 2014 and expected to reach 66% in 2050 • Global City • Saskia Sassen • Sociologist • Popularized “global city” in 1990s • Criteria of Global City: Primarily Economic • Global Cities: New York, London and Tokyo 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 29
  • 30.
    Global City • StockExchange • New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in New York, USA • Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE) in London, UK • Nikkei in Tokyo, Japan • Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) Shanghai, China • Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) in Manila, Philippines • Money Trading Comparison • NYSE - $ 19,300 B • PSE - $ 231.3 B 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 30
  • 31.
    Global City • GlobalCity Attributes • Economic power • Market Size (Number of traders) • Purchasing power of citizens • Size of middle class (businessmen) • Center of Authority (Capital cities) • Shanghai • Worlds busiest container port with over 33 Million container units moved in 2013 • Singapore (City, Island and Country) • Asia’s most competitive city • Strong market • Efficient and incorruptible government • Livability • Houses regional offices of many global corporations 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 31
  • 32.
    Global City • GlobalCity Attributes • Political Influence • Washington D.C. • Seat of American state of power • Brussels, Belgium • Headquarters of European Union • New York • Headquarters of United Nations • Jakarta, Indonesia • Headquarters of ASEAN • Frankfurt, Germany • European Central Bank 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 32
  • 33.
    Global City • GlobalCity Attributes • Higher learning and culture • New York • New York Times Newspaper • Boston • Harvard University • Los Angeles • Hollywood • San Francisco • Headquarters of Facebook, Twitter and Google • Copenhagen, Denmark • Culinary capital of the world 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 33
  • 34.
    Global City • Gentrification •Driving out of the poor in favor of newer and wealthier residents • Banlieue • Poor Muslim migrants are forced out of Paris and have clustered around ethnic enclaves in France 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 34
  • 35.
    Movement and Sustainability •Global Demography • Number of children • Rural and Poor Urban • Tend to have more children for farming (Crop cultivation, planting harvesting) and hawk their wares on streets • Urbanized, educated and professionals • Tend to have fewer children • Tied down or committed to profession • Lesser time to devote to kids and parenting • Saving plans on healthcare and education of children • Have more access to birth control 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 35
  • 36.
    Food • Food • Eatenthat satisfies appetite in order to meet physiological needs for growth, maintaining body processes and supply energy to maintain body heat and activities • One of the most crucial needs of human beings • People cannot live and survive without 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 36
  • 37.
    Food • Functions ofFood • Maintains physiological process by giving sustenance to the body • Symbolic experience and representation • Continuum life for the human species • Shape national boundaries and identities 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 37
  • 38.
    Food • Pillars of FoodSecurity • Food Availability • Sufficient and consistent quantities • Food Access • Enough resources to obtain • Food Use • Nutrition and Health 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 38
  • 39.
    Global Migration • Migration •Movement of people from one place to another • Domestic/ Internal Migration • Within Country • Foreign/ International Migration • Outside Country • Immigrants • Permanently moved to another country • Workers in fixed period • E.g. 6 months • Illegal Immigrants • Alien • Petitioned Migrants • By families • Refugees • Asylum 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 39
  • 40.
    Global Migration • Migration •Emigration • Going-out of Country • Immigration • Coming-in of Country • Migrants • 247 Million as of 2018 • 90% Workers • 10% Asylee • 18% from Latin America • 16% from Eastern Europe and Central Asia • 14% from Middle East and North Africa • Destination: Europe, Middle East and United States 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 40
  • 41.
    Global Migration • Remittance •$ 580 B in 2014 • India ($ 70 B) • China ($ 62 B) • Philippines ($ 28 B) • Mexico ($ 25 B) • Brain Drain • 52% of Filipino college graduate migrated • 23% of Filipino population • White/Blue Collar change • From Doctors, Engineers and Managers to Industrial and Domestic Works 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 41
  • 42.
    Activity • Topic • Migration •Situation • As an OFW • Instruction • Discussion • Cite an OFW (Family, Relatives, Friends, Neighbor, et al) • Question • What changed in their house, dress, vehicles? • How are people cope with frequent departure and arrival? • What changed happened to migrant in the way they dress, talk, look at other people, et al? 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 42
  • 43.
    Global Migration • Human Trafficking •3rd largest global crime in 2012 according to FBI • Victims of Forced Labor (21 M people) equivalent to 3 of every 1000 person worldwide • Sexually abused (22% or 4.5 M person) 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr. 43
  • 44.
    Consumatum Est • It •Is • Finished! 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM 44 Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr.
  • 45.
    10-45 All rights reserved. Nopart of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published in the Republic of the Philippines. 2/14/2021 6:14:10 PM Contemporary World Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr.