This file has a brief introduction of Telecom and SCADA system

1. 1

2. TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
NAME : IMRAN SAYEED KHAN
DESIGNATION : SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (TELECOM) NTDC
EDUCATION : B.E. (ELECTRICAL), MBA
EXPERIENCE : MAIN FRAMES
TELECOM & SCADA
ERP
2

3. DEFINITION
THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION OVER
SIGNIFICANT DISTANCES BY ELECTRONIC MEANS
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
4

4. TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
5
POWER NETWORK
500 kV
11 kV
22 0 v
11kV

5. INTRODUCTION TO TELECOM SYSTEM IN
NTDC

6. PROVISION OF TELECOM SERVICES TO
I. NTDC
II. DISCOs,
III. HYDEL,
IV. THERMAL GENCOs
V. AND IPP’S
OBJECTIVE
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
7

7. 8
FOR EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF POWER
SYSTEM NETWORK.
MANAGEMENT OF LOAD AND
GENERATION RESOURCES IN REAL TIME
WITH ECONOMY.

8. TELECOMMUNICATION HIERARCHY
XEN
SE
(NKLP)
MANAGER
(W/HOUSE)
SE
(ISLMABAD)
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
CE Telecom
SE
(MULTAN)
RE
XEN
RE
XEN
RE
DEPUTY
MANAGER
ASSISTANT
MANAGER

9. TELECOM
PROJ.
DELIVERY
ASSET
MNG.MNT
DISCOs
NPCC
THERMAL
GENCOs
CPPA
DESIGN
PROTECT.
&
CONTRL
HYDRO
GENCOs
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
11
IPPs

10. TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
13

11. EXISTING TELECOM NETWORK
GRID STATIONS POWER HOUSE
DISCO 132KV
NTDC
Thermal Hydel Nuclear
220KV 500KV
LESCO 51
63 18 10 12 1
IESCO 43
PESCO 43
GEPCO 32
FESCO 32
MEPCO 66
QESCO 43
HESCO 66
Total 376 45 16 10 12 1
Grand
Total
460
14

12. SPEECH.
TELEPHONE
SCADA.
DATA ACQUISITION : REAL TIME MONITORING OF GRID STATION AND POWER HOUSES
REMOTE CONTROL : POWER GENERATION AND POWER CONTROLLING EQUIPMENT.
TELEPROTECTION.
GRID STATION / POWER HOUSE EQUIPMENT PROTECTION
SERVICES
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
15

13. COMMUNICATION MEDIUM
POWER LINE CARRIER.
FIBER OPTICS.
RADIO.
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
16

14. Power Line Carrier

15. 19
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
LINE TRAP
COUPLING VOLTAGE CAPACITOR

16. 20
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
LINE MATCHING UNIT

18. 22
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
Power Line Carrier
DIGITAL PLC
• ETL 600, ETL 500 ABB
• MiCOM T390 AREVA
• POWER LINK SIEMENS
• STED SELTA
ANALOG PLC
• ETL 81/41, ETI 101, ETI 21, ETI-22 ABB
• ZAP-01, ZAP-51, ZAP-52, ZAP-6 EB-NERA
• ALSPA ALSTOM

19. 23
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
300 2000 2400 3780+/-30
4KHz BAND
SPEECH

20. AUDIBLE FREQUENCY
24

21. 25
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
MODULATION
MODULATION IS THE METHOD TO PROCESS VOICE BAND
SIGNAL WITH CARRIER FREQUENCY SIGNAL FOR LONG
DISTANCE PROPOGATION
4k BAND CARRIER FREQUENCY Fc
Fc + 4K
MODULATED SIGNAL

22. 26
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
0 40 500
0 to 500 KHz BAND
FREQUENCY PLANNING

23. FSK DATA TRANSMISSION
MODEM IS A DEVICE WHICH CHANGES BINARY DIGITS FROM COMPUTER SYSTEMS
INTO FREQUENCY SIGNALS FOR TRANSMISSION ON ANALOGUE TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM.
MODEM MODULATOR DEMODULATOR
MODEMS EMPLOY FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING (FSK) TECHNIQUE FOR DATA
TRANSMISSION.
F1=0 F2=1
D00=1
D01=0
DO2=0
D03=0
DO4=1
D05=0
D06=1
D07=0
1 OR 0
01010001
F1 OR F2
F1F2F1F2F1F1F1F2
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
F1 F2 F1 F2 F1 F1 F1 F2
27
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION

24. 28
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
SINGLE PHASE COUPLING

25. 29
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
DOUBLE PHASE COUPLING

26. OPGW
Conductor (for Power Line Carrier)
Tower
Foundation
Insulators
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
30
OPtical fibre
Ground Wire

27. 31
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
BASIC PRINCIPLE
THE WORKING PRINCIPLE FOR OPGW FIBRE IS BASED ON THE PROPERTY
OF LIGHT TO BEND DUE TO OPGW MATERIAL (GLASS) CHARACTERISTICS
KNOWN AS TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION.

28. 32
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
CONSTRUCTION

29. 33
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION

31. 35
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
Approx 5Km OPGW reel

32. 36
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION

33. 37
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
JOINT BOX AFTER OPGW SPLICING

34. Some instruments
OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
SPLICING MACHINE
POWER METER
TALK SET
Characteristics of OPGW
0.02db/Km
600 Kg/Km
Large data capacity
12, 24, 48, 96 fibre OPGW
38
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION

35. 39
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
FIBRE OPTICS TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
SDH / PDH EQUIPMENT AND MULTIPLEXERS
• FOX-U, FOX-20, FOX-515 and FOX-615 ABB
• OSN-1500, OSN-2500 and OSN-3500 HUAWEI
• SURPASS 7060 SIEMENS
• AM3400, AM4400 LOOP

36. 40
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
OPGW NETWORK
20 NODES

37. TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
41
MICROWAVE INFRASTRUCTURE

38. 42
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
EXCHANGE / PABX
AN EXCHANGE IS A AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE SWITCHING SYSTEM WHICH
ALLOWS AN ORGANIZATION TO MANAGE INCOMING AND OUTGOING PHONE
CALLS AS WELL AS INTERNAL COMMUNICATION.
A
A
A (11)
B (12)
D (71)
C (31)
E (53)
F (41)
G (52)
5211
5212
4111
1132
1122
1133

40. 44
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
• ANALYSE A NUMBER
• GENERATE TONES
1. DIAL TONE
2. BUSY TONE
3. NO TONE
4. INTRUSION TONE
5. ERROR TONES
• SPECIAL FEATURES
1. CALL BACK
2. TRANSFER ON BUSY
3. FOLLOW ME
4. HOT LINE
5. CONFERENCE
• INTRUSION AND BREAK IN
SOME BASIC FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES

41. 45
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
NTDC PABX NETWORK
40 EXCHANGES

42. 46
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
SCADA SYSTEM
S SUPERVISORY
C CONTROL
A AND
D DATA
A ACQUISITION

44. 48
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE (WHY SCADA?)
MANAGEMENT OF LOAD VERSUS GENERATION ECONOMICALLY IN REAL
TIME.

45. 49
GENERAL SCADA
NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION

46. 50
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
SCADA IS INSTALLED, WHERE?
UTILITIES
ELECTRIC POWER
GAS DISTRIBUTION
WATER DISTRIBUTION
RAILWAYS
PROCESS INDUSTRIES

47. 51
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
NATIONAL TRANSMISSION AND DESPATCH COMPANY’S
SCADA SYSTEM
1. GRID STATIONS
• 500 KV
• 220 KV
2. POWER HOUSES
• THERMAL
• HYDEL
• WIND POWER
• SOLAR POWER
• NUCLEAR

48. MICROWAVE
POWER LINE CARRIER
RADIO
SATELLITE
FIBRE OPTICS
FRONT END COMPUTER
REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT
Status
Indications
Analog
Measurements AGC
Remote
Operation Alarms
NPCC
MAIN COMPUTER
Breaker / Isolator Line, Transformer, Generator Generator Breaker open / close Telecom & Power
Open / Close Potential Transformer Automatic Transformer System Alarms
MW, MVAr, Voltage, Current Generation Step Raise / Lower
Frequency Control
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
52

49. SYMBOLS
Bus Bar-II
Bus Bar-I
Bay-D01
Q02
Q0
Q01
Closed Open
Examples
D01-Q02 is an isolator on a 220KV
bay no.01, on the side facing Bus bar
BB-II of breaker no.Q0.
D01-Q0 is a breaker on the 220KV
bay no.01 .
SINGLE BREAKER
SCHEME
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
53

50. SYMBOLS
Bus Bar-II
Bus Bar-I
Bay-D01
Q22
Q2
Q21
Q02
Q0
Q01
Q12
Q1
Q11
Closed Open
Examples
D01-Q12 is an isolator on a 220KV
bay no.01, on the side facing Bus bar
BB-II of breaker no.1.
D01-Q2 is a breaker on the 220KV
bay no.01, closer to Bus Bar BB-II.
BREAKER AND A HALF
SCHEME
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
54

51. MONITORING
BREAKERS AND ISOLATORS (OPEN/CLOSE STATUS)
LINE LOADING (MW AND MVAR)
TRANSFORMER LOADING (MW AND MVAR)
GENERATOR OUTPUT (MW AND MVAR)
BUS BAR VOLTAGES (V)
SYSTEM FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT (Hz)
TRANSFORMER TAP CHANGE POSITION
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
56

52. 57
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
MONITORING
DISTANCE POTECTION RELAY
AUTO RE-CLOSURE RELAY
OVERCURRENT AND EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION
SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION
BREAKER FAILURE
T/F BUCHOLZ ALARM

53. 58
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
MONITORING
T/F WINDING TEMPERATURE ALARM
T/F OVERCURRENT ALARM
T/F OVERLOAD PROTECTION
T/F TERTIRY OVERCURRENT
T/F EARTH FAULT
T/F DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
BUSBAR PROTECTION

54. 59
WEATHER STATION
1. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
2. RELATIVE HUMIDITY
3. WIND DIRECTION
4. WIND SPEED
5. RADIATION
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION

55. CONTROL
• TRANSFORMER TAP CHANGE POSITION
• CONTROL COMMAND FOR OPERATION OF
BREAKERS
• AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL
• DUMMY BREAKER OPERATION
• TELECOUPLER
• FAST LOAD SHEDDING
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
60

56. 61
61
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
TELECOMMUNICATION ALARMS
PLC, PABX, CHARGER, SDH FAILURE
(MAJOR AND MINOR ALARMS)

57. DATA COMMUNICATION
TCP/IP
DATA SERIAL
BIT BY BIT
TRANSMISSION
PACKET BY PACKET
TRANSMISSION
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
62

58. DOUBLE INDICATION STATUS FOR BREAKERS/ISOLATORS
Supply Output A Supply 1
No Supply 0
Output B
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
63
A B Boolean Breaker Status
0 0 Error Supply missing on both contacts, Contact failure
0 1 OPEN Breaker OPEN
1 0 CLOSE Breaker CLOSE
1 1 Error Supply on both contacts, Contact Failure

59. DATA TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL
• A PROTOCOL IS A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR DATA
TRANSMISSION.
• OPEN PROTOCOL USED INTERNATIONALLY
1. FROM CONTROL CENTER TO RTU: IEC-60870-05-101, IEC-
60870-05-104 AND DNP3.
2. FROM RTU TO IEDs: IEC-60870-05-101, MODBUS, DNP3
AND IEC-60870-05-103.
• ELIMINATES MANUFACTURER’S MONOPOLY.
64
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION

60. Data Transmission
Channel
PTCL, PLC, MICROWAVE, SATELLITE, MOBILE
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
65

61. 66
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
Point to Point
Multi Drop
Series
Star
Series loop
Subordinate terminals
66

62. On-shift operator
workstation
consoles
with 3 VDUs
SCADA/EMS
servers
Time
and frequency
systems
Data archiving
and reporting
server
Redundant LAN
RTUs/SCSs
RTU/SCS data
communicatio
nsubsystems
Other control centres
(e.g. DISCOs, etc)
Inter control
centre data
communicatio
nsubsystems
Mimic board
controller
EMS maintenance
workstation
console
with 2 VDU
Documentation
server
LAN Management
System
DTS
server
DTS
instructor/traine
e
workstation
consoles
with 3 VDUs
Maintenance/
Development
workstation
console
with 2 VDU
Displays:
•Time
•Date
•Frequency
•Total Load
•Total Generation
Printing
devices
Monochrome laser
printers
Colour laser printer
Colour hard copy units
Plotter
GPS
PCs for
Web
Access
(WAPDA House)
Router
Modem
Modem
Operational
Planning
workstation
consoles
with 2 VDU
System frequency
SCADA SYSTEM
AT NPCC ISLAMABAD
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
67

63. EXISTING STATISTICS
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM QUANTITY
PLC LINKS 1675
TELEPHONE EXCHANGES 176
REMOTE TERMINAL UNITS(RTU) 52
FIBER OPTIC TERMINAL 22
PABX/HOT LINE WAPDA HOUSE 3
TOTAL SUBSCRIBERS 3600
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
68

64. 70

65. LOAD DESPATCH PROJECT UPGRADATION
OPGW ON 500 / 220 KV TRANSMISSION LINE NETWORK (LIVE LINE
INSTALLATION)
OPTICAL LINE TERMINAL EQUIPMENT (OLTE) INCLUDING SDH TECHNOLOGY,
TERMINALS, REPEATERS AND SHELTERS. ADM (ADD-DROP-MULTIPLEX), AND
OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS.
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
72

66. NPCC
RCC
TERBELA
LEGEND
PEAHWAR
SH.MUHAMMADI
GHAZI
BURHAN
MANSEHRA
ISLAMABAD
PESHWAR ROAD
35 KM
27 KM
KHAN
KHWAR
500 KV STATION
220 KV STATION
132 KV STATION
CONTROL CENTER
500 KV CIRCUIT
220 KV CIRCUIT
132 KV CIRCUIT
DIGITAL PLC
EXISTING/CONTRA-
CTED OPGW
BURIED/OVERHEAD
FIBER
2 KM
JAMSHORO
152 KM
286 KM
TPS M.GARH
1 KM
M.GARH
DADU
GUDDU
312 KM
NEW MULTAN
155 KM
LAHORE
GATTI
265 KM
257 KM
94 KM
GHAKKAR
220 KV
GHAKKAR
70 KM
NPCC
38 KM
SHAHI
BAGH
72 KM
BROTHA
112 KM
195 KM
NEW
REWAT
ISLAMABAD
ZERO POINT
29 KM
43 KM
ISLAMABAD
UNIVERSITY
2 KM
45 KM
105 KM
45 KM
72 KM
ALLAI
KHWAR
DUBER
KHWAR
NISHATABAD
ROUCH Total Fiber length
after L.D.S
1700 KM
73

67. LOAD DESPATCH PROJECT UPGRADATION
DIGITAL POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATIONS
(PLC) EQUIPMENT
NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (NMS).
DIGITAL SWITCHING / MULTIPLEXING EQUIPMENT.
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
74

68. SCADA
• MASTER CONTROL
CENTRE NPCC WITH TWO
REGIONAL CONTROL
CENTRE SOUTH, NORTH
• DOUBLE ZONE SCHEME
• 35 RTUS THROUGH NTDC
TELECOM NETWORK
• MASTER CONTROL
CENTRE NPCC
• SINGLE ZONE SCHEME
• 52 RTUS ALL THROUGH
NTDC TELECOM
NETWORK
OLD NEW
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
75

69. SCADA
• COLLECTOR 400 AND
COLLECTOR 300 (1980’S)
• LIMITED INFORMATION
HANDLING
• LOW DATA TRANSMISSION
RATE
• PROPRIETARY NATURE OF
RTUS/ PROTOCOL
• INTERFACING LIMITED TO
100 RTU
• MICOM 264
• MORE INFORMATION
HANDLING
• HIGH DATA
TRANSMISSION RATE
• OPEN PROTOCOL BASED
SYSTEM, EASY
INTERFACING
• CAN ACCOMMODATE 250
RTUS
OLD NEW
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
76

70. 77
TELECOMMUNICATION AND SCADA
AN INTRODUCTION
PLC 1
Dist.Prot.1
Dist.Prot.2
DTT
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
PLC 2
TP-1
TP-2 PLC 2
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
TP-1
TP-2
PLC 1
DTT
Dist.Prot.1
Dist.Prot.2
TX RX
TELEPROTECTION

71. TELE-PROTECTION
AN INTRODUCTION
78
OBJECTIVE OF HAVING PROTECTION
REMOVING / ISOLATING FAULTS QUICKLY
FAULTS CAN CAUSE COLLAPSE OF POWER DELIVERY AND BLACKOUTS
FAULTS CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO POWER EQUIPMENT SUCH AS CIRCUIT
BREAKERS, TRANSFORMERS ETC.
FAULTS CAN ADVERSELY EFFECT SOURCES OF GENERATION AND CUSTOMER
LOADS
ALL THE ABOVE CAN HAVE LEGAL AND FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES

72. TELE-PROTECTION
AN INTRODUCTION
79
Dist.Prot.1
Dist.Prot.2
DTT
Dist.Prot.1
Dist.Prot.2
DTT
A B
TRANSMISSION LINE AND PROTECTIVE RELAYS

73. 80
TELE-PROTECTION
AN INTRODUCTION
PLC 1
Dist.Prot.1
Dist.Prot.2
DTT
A
B
C
D
TP-1
A
B
C
D
TP-1
PLC 1
DTT
Dist.Prot.1
Dist.Prot.2
TX RX

74. 81
TELE-PROTECTION
AN INTRODUCTION
PLC 1
Dist.Prot.1
Dist.Prot.2
DTT
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
PLC 2
TP-1
TP-2 PLC 2
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
TP-1
TP-2
PLC 1
DTT
Dist.Prot.1
Dist.Prot.2
TX RX

75. 82
TELE-PROTECTION
AN INTRODUCTION
FOTE-1
Dist.Prot.1
Dist.Prot.2
DTT
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
TP-1
TP-2
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
TP-1
TP-2
DTT
Dist.Prot.1
Dist.Prot.2
TX RX
FOTE-2 FOTE-2
FOTE-1

76. TELE-PROTECTION
AN INTRODUCTION
SECURITY : CODED & NON-CODED SIGNALLING
RELIABILITY : HARDWARE REDUNDANCY
THE FOURTH COMMAND

77. SCADA-III Components
Telecom Scope of Work
o14 IPPs
oS.M.S Sites (Revenue Metering Points)
o116 RTU Sites
o59 Digital Microwave Sites
o49 Existing RTUs
oPABX for Microwave Base Stations
o22 No. OPGW Links
oTest Equipment Spares
oTraining

78. SCADA-III Components
27%
66%
1%
6%
NPCC Scope
Telecom Scope
IT Scope
Misc. Expenses

79. The data traffic runs fast on Ethernet.
This means that in the IEC 61850 substation there
are Ethernet switches.
IEC 61850: NETWORK TOPOLOGY

80. THANK YOU
87