3. INTRODUCTION:-
Delirium is a mental state in which a person has
confused, disoriented, and not able to think or
remember clearly.
DEFINITION:-
Delirium is a serious disturbance in mental
abilities that results in confused thinking and reduced
awareness of surrounding.
4. INCIDENCE:-
Delirium is a common syndrome that affects up to
30% of hospitalized adults or older people.
CAUSES:-
Delirium occurs when the normal sending &receiving
of signals in the brain become impaired
5. CONT…
• Possible causes are:-
• Alcohol Or drug abuse.
• Metabolic imbalance.
• Malnutrition Or dehydration.
• Sleep disturbances.
• Several medication or combination of drugs can
cause delirium.
6. SIGN & SYMPTOMS:-
• Reduced awareness of the environment.
• Poor thinking skill.
• Behavior changes.
• Emotional disturbances
7. RISK FACTORS:-
• Brain disorders like dementia, stroke, etc.
• Older age.
• Previous delirium episodes.
• Visual Or hearing impairment.
• Having multiple medical problems.
8. DIAGNOSIS:-
• History collection.
• Mental status examination.
• Hematological investigation.
• Radiological examination.
TREATMENT:-
Pharmacotherapy:-
• 50 mg of 50% dextrose IV for hypoglycemia.
9. CONT..
• Oxygen to hypoxia patient.
• IV fluid for electrolyte &fluid imbalance patient.
• Benzodiazepine -10mg diazepam Or 2mg lorazepam(IV) .
• Antipsychotic -5mg haloperidol Or 50mg chlorpromazine(IM).
PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY:-
• Cognitive therapy.
• Family therapy.
10. NURSING MANAGEMENT:-
• Asses the level of anxiety.
• Provide an appropriate environment.
• Promote patient safety.
• Encourage to express fear and discomfort.
• Provide guidance & assistance for independent.
•GERIATRIC CONSIDERATION:-
• Provide special observation and special care, safe
environment,
11. CONT.…
Improving self-esteem enhancing social support, encouraging
self care independence, guide clients towards socially
appropriate behavior, promoting family environment and
providing education about the condition.
• Promoting appropriate behavior managing medication
basically psychotic medication.
12. NURSING DIAGNOSIS OF DELIRIUM -1
Disturbed thought process relative to cognitive impairment
as evidence by problems with coordination &motor
function.
GOAL:-
• To establish optimal mental & physical functioning.
INTERVENTION:-
• Assess the patient level of confusion.
• Assist the patient performing activities of daily living.
13. NURSING DIAGNOSIS:2
• Impaired verbal communication related to altered
perception as evidenced by difficulty of
establishing verbal communication.
•GOAL:-
• To improve the effective verbal communication.
•INTERVENTION:-
• Assess and monitor the patient coherence of
speech &cognitive ability.
• Create an environment that is calm, quiet, well-lit
conducive to effective communication.
14. NURSING DIAGNOSIS:3
• Self care deficit related to cognitive impairment as evidence by
foul body odor & inability to perform self-care activities as
normal.
• GOAL:-
• To improve the self care activities.
•INTERVENTION:-
• Observe the patients cognitive &functional ability to perform
self-care activities.
• Allow sufficient time for the patient to perform his/her
toileting routine without interrupting Or rushing but offering
whenever it is needed.
15. NURSING DIAGNOSIS:4
• Impaired memory related to cognitive impairment
as evidence by disoriented to time.
•GOAL:-
• To establish mental & psychological functions.
•INTERVENTIONS:-
• Assess the patients overall memory &cognitive
function.
• Encourage the patient to do supplementary and
alternative therapy such as exercise, guided
meditation & massage.
16. NURSING DIAGNOSIS:5
• Acute confusion related to cognitive impairment as
evidence by lack of motivation to initiate goal
directed behavior.
•GOAL:-
• To have declared delirium episodes.
• To improve normal reality orientation &state of
conscious.
•INTERVENTION:-
• Assess the patients behavior and cognition on a
regular basis during the day &night if needed.
17. CONCLUSION:-
• Delirium is a temporary condition, if the cause of
delirium is identified and corrected quickly, delirium
can usually be cured.
•SUMMARY:-
• Delirium is a clinical syndrome that usually develops in
the elderly, it is characterized by an confused thinking,
consciousness, with a reduced ability to focus.
18. BIBLIOGRAPHY:-
• A textbook of mental health nursing, R sreevani, 4th
edition, page no 310-311
• Net reference-www.google.com.
