Hey everyone! Hope you are having a good day. This is a mini-introduction of the Evolution Of Computers overtime. I hope it helps you :)

1. Evolution Of
computers

2. 500 BC
Abacus
1642
Pascaline
1890
Tabulating Machine
1937
Turing Machine
1945
EDVAC
1944
Mark I

3. Abacus
Abacus is the simplest tool which
was invented in 500BC to make the
mathematical calculation easy. Before
the abacus, the only methods people
had to use for their mathematical
calculations were their fingers and
toes, or stones in the dirt. It was used
to Add , Subtract, Multiply and
Divide numbers and save time.

4. Pascaline
In 1642 a French Scientist named
Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline
Calculator which was one of the first
calculators of 17th century. The
Pascaline Calculator made it easy to
Add and Subtract numbers easily. We
can only perform Multiplication and
division through repeated addition or
subtraction. The device made its first
public appearance in 1645 and today
only nine of these machines survive.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.

5. Tabulating
machine
Tabulating machine was invented by Hermon
Hollerith in 1890 mainly to prove that data can be
encoded by holes punched in a card and then
sorted and counted electronically. This machine
was only used by the us government during the
census. In 1896, Hollerith founded the Tabulating
Machine Company for the marketing and
production of his tabulating system which later
turned into IBM.

6. Turing machine
Turing Machine was invented by Alan Turing in 1936 and it is
used to accept Recursive Enumerable Languages. A Turing
machine consists of a tape of infinite length on which read and
writes operation can be performed. The tape consists of infinite
cells on which each cell either contains input symbol or a special
symbol called blank. It also consists of a head pointer which
points to cell currently being read and it can move in both
directions. A TM is expressed as a 7-tuple (Q, T, B, ∑, δ, q0, F).
The creation of Turing machine is now the main base for the
creation of computers and computer science.

7. ENIAC
Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer was
the first electronic computer
used for general purposes. It was
designed and invented by John
Presper Eckert and John
Mauchly at the University of
Pennsylvania. the ENIAC was
created to help with the war
effort against German forces.

8. Mark 1
The Manchester Mark 1 was
one of the first computers that
could run a stored program. Built
at the Victoria University of
Manchester, the first version of
the Mark 1 became operational
in April 1949. It was used to run
a program to search
for Mersenne primes for nine
hours without error

9. Generation Of computers

10. First generation computers
Main Electronic Computer – Vacuum Tube
Main memory – Magnetic Drums and Magnetic Tapes
Programming Language – Machine Language
Power – Used to consume a lot of energy and produce massive amount of
heat.
Speed & Size - very slow and very massive (often taking up entire room
Input/ Output Devices - Punched cards and tapes
Examples – ENIAC, UNIVAC-1, IBM 650, IBM 701 etc...

11. Second generation computers
Main electronic component – transistor
Memory – magnetic core and magnetic tape/disk
Programming language – Assembly Language
Power & Size – compared to First Generation Computers they consume low
electricity, generate less heat and are smaller in size
Speed – Compared to First Generation Computers they are bit faster
Input/Output devices – punched cards and magnetic tape
Example – IBM 1401, 1BM 7090 & 7094, UNIVAC 1107 etc...

12. Third Generation computers
Main electronic component – integrated circuits (ICs)
Memory – large magnetic core, magnetic tape/disk
Programming language – high level language (FORTRAN, BASIC, Pascal,
COBOL, C)
Size – smaller, cheaper, and more efficient than second generation computers (
known as Minicomputers)
Speed - improvement of speed and reliability compared to Second Generation
Computers
Input/Output Devices – magnetic tape, keyboard, monitor, printer etc...
Example – IBM 360, IBM 370, PDP-11, UNIVAC 1108, etc..

13. Fourth generation computers
Main electronic component – very large – scale integration (VLSI)
and microprocessor
VLSI – thousands of transistors on a single microchip
Memory – semiconductor memory (such as RAM, ROM etc.)
Programming language – high level language (Python,
C#, Java, JavaScript, Rust, Kotlin, etc..)
Size – smaller, cheaper and more efficient than Third Generation
Computers

14. .
Speed - improvement of speed, accuracy, and reliability
Input/Output devices – keyboard, pointing devices, optical scanning,
monitor, printer, etc...
Network – a group of two or more computer systems linked together
Examples – IBM PC, STAR 1000,APPLE II, APPLE MACINTOSH,
etc..

15. Fifth generation computers
Main electronic component: based on Artificial Intelligence; uses the
Ultra Large- Scale Integration (ULSI) technology and parallel
processing method.
ULSI – millions of transistors on a single microchip
Parallel processing method – use two or more microprocessors to
run tasks simultaneously
Language - understands natural language

16. .
Power – consumes less power and generates less heat.
Speed - remarkable improvement of speed, accuracy and reliabilty
compared to fourth generation
Size - portable and small in size, and have huge storage capacity.
Input/Output - keyboard, monitor, mouse, trackpad, touchscreen,pen,
speech input, light scanner, printer etc...
Example – Desktops, Laptops, Tablets, Smartphones etc...

17. .
DONE BY SAHANA