3. f(innovation) = (org * platform)
(culture * mechanisms)
Two-pizza teams
cross-functional teams
devolved decision making
DevOps
close to the customer
quick iteration
4. f(innovation) = (org * platform)
(culture * mechanisms)
a platform for innovation
able to bring ideas to life cost effectively and quickly
5. f(innovation) = (org * platform)
(culture * mechanisms)
Customer Obsession
Ownership
Invent and Simplify
Are Right, A Lot
Hire and Develop the Best
Insist on the Highest Standards
Think Big
Bias for Action
Frugality
Learn and Be Curious
Earn Trust of Others
Dive Deep
Have Backbone; Disagree and Commit
Deliver Results
6. f(innovation) = (org * platform)
(culture * mechanisms)
work backwards from the customer.
each new idea, starts with a write-up of a press release that helps
capture the customer perspective of the problem we are trying to solve.
decision making process relies heavily on narratives.
very metrics driven culture.
operate in small, agile teams.
Universal truths of retail – we focus on the things that won’t change
Customers will always want to pay less
Customers will always want the product faster
Customers will always want more selection
Cant help by summarise into math formulas
Org structure – small teams, cross-functional teams, devolved decision making, close to the customer, iterating quickly, Dev-Ops
Architecture – having an innovation platform – a platform to bring ideas to life cost effectively and quickly
Culture – its ok to fail, longer term focus, customer centricity, data driven – needs to be a science lab not a political power struggle
Mechanisms – at amazon its our narrative, FAQ, press release – what is it for you?
To enable the equation the components need to be agile, small and collocated. Having large teams, offloading to centralized functions breaks the equation.
‘Loosely Coupled Systems’
The looser they are coupled, the bigger they scale,
the less dependencies,
the faster you innovate.
A deployment once every 11.6 seconds >1000 deployments an hour – automation is key
Cloud enables faster access to platforms to enable innovation
We inject the DNA into Amazonians via our 14 Leadership Principles. These principles are the key mechanism Amazon use to shape and enable our people to interact with our customers.
We use these principles in our day to day interaction between teams, with customers and even in interviewing for future Amazonians.
Interviews are performed as a “loop” of about 6 interviews. Each interviewer is trained firstly how to do effective interviewing, and then is given two LPs to assess. The hiring manager is purely a single voice in the loop of 6. We also have a “bar raiser” who ensures the interview loop is operating consistently across the org.
and performance reviews also rate people against these LPs.
Mechanisms – at amazon its our narrative, FAQ, press release – what is it for you?
“Day 2 is stasis. Followed by irrelevance. Followed by excruciating, painful decline. Followed by death. And that is why it is always Day 1.”
1. True customer obsession
2. Resist proxies
3. Embrace tailwinds
4. High velocity decisions
Shareholder letter
Day 1 vs Day 2 introduction
Day 2 is stasis. Followed by irrelevance. Followed by excruciating, painful decline. Followed by death. And that is why it is always Day 1
Staying in Day 1 requires you to experiment patiently, accept failures, plant seeds, protect saplings, and double down when you see customer delight. A customer-obsessed culture best creates the conditions where all of that can happen.
The process is not the thing. It’s always worth asking, do we own the process or does the process own us? In a Day 2 company, you might find it’s the second.
Day 2 companies make high-quality decisions, but they make high-quality decisions slowly. To keep the energy and dynamism of Day 1, you have to somehow make high-quality, high-velocity decisions
The outside world can push you into Day 2 if you won’t or can’t embrace powerful trends quickly. If you fight them, you’re probably fighting the future. Embrace them and you have a tailwind.