September 1 - 1053 - Andry Z. Ranaivoson
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11th International Drainage Symposium August 30-September 2, 2022 Des Moines, Iowa
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September 1 - 1053 - Andry Z. Ranaivoson
- 1. Seasonal and Annual Nutrient Removal from Agricultural Ditches Using Low-Grade Weirs Andry Ranaivoson and Jeff Strock Southwestern Research and Outreach Center Department of Soil, Water, and Climate 11th International Drainage Symposium August 30 – September 2, 2022
- 3. Ditch Research Facility Treatment channel Control channel Diversion/Expansion channel Treatment: rectangular weir/ “low grade check dam”
- 4. Precipitation Amounts at Lamberton, MN: 2017: 765 mm - 2018: 946 mm 2019: 1012 mm - 2020: 677 mm 1991-2020 (30-Yr Average): 734 mm
- 5. Statistical Construct Time Series Data (TS) Time Domain Frequency Domain Paired Comparison of Parameters from Segments Paired Comparison of Parameters based on Frequencies
- 7. -- TIME DOMAIN – Annual Assessment of Ditch Parameters: Flow Discharge NO3 FWC NO3 Load
- 8. Statistics Summary of 4-Year Record 2017-2020 ALPHA = 0.10 Parameter & Segment Station Units Mean % Mean Diff Prob < t Flow Discharge CTL m^3 29,984.00 57.1% 0.0005 Flow Discharge TRT m^3 12,834.00 FWC NO3 CTL mg/L 7.31 21.8% 0.0291 FWC NO3 TRT mg/L 5.72 NO3 Load CTL Kg 205.30 60.8% 0.0004 NO3 Load TRT Kg 80.40
- 9. Ditch Control and Treatment: Flow Discharge Rate Structural Change and Breakpoints
- 10. Ditch Control and Treatment: Flow-Weighted NO3 Concentration Structural Change and Breakpoint
- 11. -- FREQUENCY DOMAIN – Seasonal Assessment of Ditch Parameters: Flow Discharge NO3 FWC NO3 Load
- 14. Frequency, f 0.00425 Days, 1/f 235.3 Frequency, f 0.00425 Days, 1/f 235.3 Frequency, f 0.03 Days, 1/f 33.3 Frequency, f 0.035 Days, 1/f 28.6 Frequency, f 0.07 Days, 1/f 14.3 Frequency, f 0.065 Days, 1/f 15.4 Frequency, f 0.125 Days, 1/f 8.0 Frequency, f 0.105 Days, 1/f 9.5 Frequency, f 0.14 Days, 1/f 7.1 Spectral Density for D-CTL Discharge Rate Spectral Density for D-TRT Discharge Rate Flow Discharge Rate
- 15. Frequency, f 0.0165 Days, 1/f 60.6 Frequency, f 0.0135 Days, 1/f 74.1 Spectral Density for D-CTL FWC-N Spectral Density for D-TRT FWC-N Flow- Weighted NO3 Concentration
- 16. Frequency, f 0.00425 Days, 1/f 235.3 Frequency, f 0.0128 Days, 1/f 78.1 Frequency, f 0.04 Days, 1/f 25.0 Frequency, f 0.026 Days, 1/f 38.5 Frequency, f 0.05 Days, 1/f 20.0 Spectral Density for D-CTL NO3 Load Spectral Density for D-TRT NO3 Load NO3 Load
- 17. Dominant Periodicities from Spectral Density Parameter D-C Freq., f D-C Days, 1/f D-C Months D-T Freq., f D-T Days, 1/f Months 0.00425 235.3 7.71 0.00425 235.3 7.71 0.0300 33.3 1.09 0.0350 28.6 0.94 0.0700 14.3 0.47 0.0650 15.4 0.50 0.1250 8.0 0.26 0.1050 9.5 0.31 0.1400 7.1 0.23 0.0165 60.6 1.99 0.0135 74.1 2.43 0.00425 235.3 7.71 0.0128 78.1 2.56 0.04 25.0 0.82 0.026 38.5 1.26 0.05 20.0 0.66 Flow-Weighted NO3 Conc. NO3 Load Discharge Rate Ditch Control Ditch Treatment
- 18. Conclusion .The time domain assessment provided the TS models and the structural change models. Breakpoint segmentation provided insights into the comparison of each ditch parameter The ditch data collected over 4 years were assessed with two approaches: 1/ time domain and 2/ frequency domain The spectral analysis identified the dominant frequencies for each parameter over the 4-year period. 1. The flow discharge periodicities remained similar between the two channels. 2. Flow-weighted nitrate concentrations were governed by physical, chemical, and biological processes 3. Nitrate load at Control ditch was influenced by flow while at the ditch treatment it was dominated by processes other than flow Two statistical platforms were used in the analysis: R and JMP (visual SAS) Time series structural change analysis is published in Pagliari et al, 2021. Options for statistical analysis of unreplicated paired design experiments; Ag Water Management. This research was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch Project 1024146
- 19. Questions? Acknowledgements: Mark Coulter Doug Moody Ivan Hovland Nolan Hovland Nicole Schroepfer
Editor's Notes
- Drainage area: 300 acres (121 ha), surface and subsurface drainage
- Original approach to splitting time series: intervention analysis. Newer approach: Structural change where multiple segments are identified by the algorithm and Those segments are significantly different from each other, based on the mean. (BIC and RSS) Return period of hydro-climatic events Temperature for biological activity
- Periodicity and Frequency refer to same notion; return period for hydro-climatological events Holding water back, we expect the flow remains similar. 235 days = spring flow, snowmelt and rain on snow 33 days = surface and subsurface drainage, plant growth and ET 14 days = rainfall FWC, Concentration = physical, chemical, and biological factors. Diff in D-C and D-T periodicities suggest that the process and mechanism affecting nitrogen are different (HRT). NO3 load = D-C flow dominates and at D-T physical and biological factors take over. Different processes at D-T