Running head: Accountability in public offices 1 Accountability in public offices 2 Accountability in public offices Accountability in public offices Comment by LaQuita Gray-Baker: Title is repetitive; if provided in the Header, it does not need to be repeated in the content of the work. Analyze and explain which is a better accountability of measure, external or internal controls or the character of the administrator. Comment by LaQuita Gray-Baker: Please do not include the assignment questions in academic writing. The current administration has become more complex making it more difficult to secure the responsibilities of administrators. There has been a public debate regarding whether accountability of administrators should be based on the internal or external control, or administrators character (Friedrich, 1940). The most effective accountability measure is the incorporation of both internal and external control measures. Both control measures have their weaknesses and strengths. As such, combining both control measures would be effective since the weaknesses of one control measure would be outweighed by the strength of the other control measure. Internal control refers to the implementation of internal policies that will guide the actions of administrators in public offices. On the contrary external control involves the use of laws and regulations to guide the actions of the administrators (Friedrich, 1940). Internal control should be used in public offices because it ensures effective prevention of fraud. If internal controls are implemented in organizations, it helps in holding administrators more accountable since it ensures that they adhere to policies that specifically promote the success of a public organization. This is especially true if the laws and regulations are too general to be applied in a specific public organization. If internal controls are implemented in an organization, it can be easier for administrators to be evaluated based on the goals of the office. This implies that internal controls make it easier to monitor and detect fraud in the public offices. In addition, internal controls ensure effective segregation of duties in public offices. For example, through internal controls, those handling cash should not be allowed to deal with the reconciliation of financial records. Such segregation is vital because it ensures that no money is lost or stolen without being detected on time. In addition, such segregation of duties through internal controls helps in identifying administrators who are not carrying out their responsibilities effectively. This vital because it enables public offices to implement more effective solutions or alternative early enough. Even though internal controls of administrators in public offices are effectiv ...

1. Running head: Accountability in public offices
1
Accountability in public offices
2
Accountability in public offices
Accountability in public offices Comment by LaQuita Gray-
Baker: Title is repetitive; if provided in the Header, it does not
need to be repeated in the content of the work.
Analyze and explain which is a better accountability of
measure, external or internal controls or the character of the
administrator. Comment by LaQuita Gray-Baker: Please do not
include the assignment questions in academic writing.
The current administration has become more complex
making it more difficult to secure the responsibilities of

2. administrators. There has been a public debate regarding
whether accountability of administrators should be based on the
internal or external control, or administrators character
(Friedrich, 1940). The most effective accountability measure is
the incorporation of both internal and external control measures.
Both control measures have their weaknesses and strengths. As
such, combining both control measures would be effective since
the weaknesses of one control measure would be outweighed by
the strength of the other control measure.
Internal control refers to the implementation of internal
policies that will guide the actions of administrators in public
offices. On the contrary external control involves the use of
laws and regulations to guide the actions of the administrators
(Friedrich, 1940). Internal control should be used in public
offices because it ensures effective prevention of fraud. If
internal controls are implemented in organizations, it helps in
holding administrators more accountable since it ensures that
they adhere to policies that specifically promote the success of
a public organization. This is especially true if the laws and
regulations are too general to be applied in a specific public
organization. If internal controls are implemented in an
organization, it can be easier for administrators to be evaluated
based on the goals of the office. This implies that internal
controls make it easier to monitor and detect fraud in the public
offices.
In addition, internal controls ensure effective segregation
of duties in public offices. For example, through internal
controls, those handling cash should not be allowed to deal with
the reconciliation of financial records. Such segregation is vital
because it ensures that no money is lost or stolen without being
detected on time. In addition, such segregation of duties
through internal controls helps in identifying administrators
who are not carrying out their responsibilities effectively. This
vital because it enables public offices to implement more
effective solutions or alternative early enough.
Even though internal controls of administrators in public

3. offices are effective they have some limitations which requires
its combination with the external controls. For example, one of
the limitations of implementing internal controls alone is that it
may encourage administrators in a public office to manipulate
internal policies in order to suit their selfish interests. For
example, those handling cash and those dealing with financial
records reconciliation may collaborate to override the internal
controls system. This will enable them to steal for the
government without being noticed. Internal controls may also be
affected by the common human errors which make it difficult to
detect theft on time. For this reason, external controls should be
aligned with the goals and the internal policies of the public
offices. Through external controls, a public office can be
monitored by auditors who will ensure that administrators
comply with the laws and regulations. External controls are
especially effective since public offices are not managed by
board of directors unlike in the private sectors. With external
auditors, it may be difficult for public administrators to
collaborate among themselves in engaging in fraudulent
activities. However, some laws and regulations may not be clear
enough to be implemented in some public offices. This can lead
to the implementation of sustainable measures of control.
Moreover, there may be shortage of expertise and time which
may hinder the external controls processes. As such, both
internal and external controls of accountability should be
implemented in public offices.
Explain why or why not you believe that most citizens today
view public service as the highest and noblest calling.
Public service has been said to be a noble call because of
the nature of the work involved and the goals of the public
service. For instance, public service involves offering public
goods while meeting needs of all citizens in a country (Finer,
1941). This implies that public servants are expected to work
based on the interests of citizens and not their own or their
families’ interests. For this goals to be realized there is need for
public servants to be selfless and to sacrifice. Public

4. administration should focus on recruiting and rewarding people
who are driven by their willingness to satisfy the needs of all
citizens in the country. Viewing public service as the highest
and noble cost can be evaluated based on the level of trust the
public has on the government. Based on the level of trust on the
government, most citizens do not believe that public services
are a noble call.
Since the historical time, the level of trust in the federal
government has been low. According to a study conducted in
Washington, only 19 percent of citizens in the US trust the
government (Pew Research Center, 2015). The low level of trust
in the government has been experienced in the country since the
year 1960s (Pew Research Center, 2015). The erosion of the
public trust has been experienced in the country because of the
various events. For example, in the year 1964, the level of trust
in the country reduced because of events such as Vietnam War
and civil unrest. In the year 2001, the level of trust reduced
because of the September 11 attack (Pew Research Center,
2015). It is because of this event that the public thought the
government was not able to effectively satisfy their security
needs.
The other factor that makes citizens not to believe that
public service is not a calling is corruption of some civil
servants. For public service to be a calling it has to focus on the
interests of the public rather than those of public servants.
However, corruption shows that some public servants are
focusing on their self-interests. This leads to lower level of
trust in public service. The US is among the leading nations that
are fighting against corruption especially among public
officials. However, there are a few cases of corruption such as
bribery which reduce the public confidence in public service.
There need to increase transparency when offering the public
services in order to increase the public trust. This will also
make the public service to be the highest and noble calling.
Moreover, the use of police excessive forces against
citizens is among the factors that reduce the public trust in

5. public service. This is especially true if excessive force is used
against some ethnic groups compared to others leading to
discrimination while offering the public service. The use of
excessive force was experienced in the year 2015 when police
officers killed about 1139 people in the country. Among those
killed, more that 25 percent of them were African Americans.
Such incidences may make people from this demographic group
to believe that there is discrimination in the police department
(Kennedy, 2016). As a result, the will stop believing that public
service is call. In order to make the claim that public service is
a noble calling, there is need to ensure equality when offering
the services. Comment by LaQuita Gray-Baker: You provided
3 ¼-pages of the required 4-page content minimum.
Reference
Finer, H. (1941). Administrative responsibility in democratic
government. Public Administration Review, 1(summer 1941),
335–350.
Friedrich, C. J. (1940). Public policy and the nature of
administrative responsibility. In C. J. Friedrich & E. S. Mason
(Eds.), Public policy (pp. 3–24). Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press. Comment by LaQuita Gray-Baker:
Source not cited; references and citations must match. Please
do not reference if you do not plan to cite the source. Impacts
APA grade area.
Kennedy, R. (2016). Excessive use of force by the public police
against black Americans in the United States. Retrieved

6. from:
rfkhumanrights.org/.../iachr_thematic_hearing_submission
_-_excessive_use_of_force_b.
Pew Research Center. (2015). Beyond distrust: How Americans
view their government. Retrieved from:
http://www.people-press.org/2015/11/23/1-trust-in-
government-1958-2015/
Austin Taylor
Personal Selling
R. Shannon
Speaker paper Numero Dos
Throughout the speech given by Matt Myers I learned
many things. One of those things being that being extremely
competitive is a good thing in the sales especially through
commission only sales. Through his speech I learned that there
is no cap to commission only sales jobs and that you literally
just have to put forth the effort in the beginning and then your
business will do a lot better than if you do not.
Mr. Myers speaks a lot about being a coach in the sales
industry and being able to find people that are motivated to do
well and have a drive for success. He states that people must
have a “win the day” attitude for the day and can accomplish
anything they set their minds to. He told us to have 3 core
values: courage, character, and commitment. According to Mr.
Myers these three aspects are critical when trying to get a job in
the sales field all on the fact that your main goal as a
salesperson is to help people.
Throughout his speech Matt mentioned how important it is

7. to be able to plan financially and have a secure plan for the
future and that his business is a great business for new
salespeople to get into. This information has allowed me to
open my eyes to commission only jobs and want to have a better
financial layout for the future so I won’t have to worry about
money in the long run.
In conclusion, Matt not only made me want to become
more financially sound but he opened my horizons to other
possible job opportunities in the sales career field. Myers
inspired me to become a better salesperson at my current job by
reminding me to stay focused and focus on the customer in
order to make the customer feel more content with their
purchase and keep them involved by giving them all kinds of
personalized goodies for them to keep.