1. cyKzi cÖ¯‘ZKiY

5. wPswo Pvl c×wZ
• ()
• ()
• ()

6. fvj e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZ (weGgwc)tfvj e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZ (weGgwc)t
GB c×wZ‡Z †Kej gvÎ e¨e¯’vcbviGB c×wZ‡Z †Kej gvÎ e¨e¯’vcbvi
Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g cÖPwjZ mbvZbDbœq‡bi gva¨‡g cÖPwjZ mbvZb
c×wZi †P‡q AwaK Drcv`b cvIqv m¤c×wZi †P‡q AwaK Drcv`b cvIqv m¤
¢e|¢e|
GB c×wZ evsjv‡`‡k e¨eüZ cªPwjZGB c×wZ evsjv‡`‡k e¨eüZ cªPwjZ
mbvZb c×wZi cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g mvivmbvZb c×wZi cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g mviv
we‡k¦ wPswo Pv‡li MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvwe‡k¦ wPswo Pv‡li MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv
e„wׇZ AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKve„wׇZ AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv
wPswo Pvl c×wZ

8. wPswo Pvl c×wZ
cwiewZ©Z cÖPwjZ c×wZ (MTT)
 bvm©vix‡Z gvwU wbwg©Z euva e¨envi Kiv nq|
 CST Gi gZ bvm©vixi Pvwiw`‡K ˆRe wbivc` (Bio-
secure) Ae¯’vq ‰Zix Kiv nq|
 bvm©vixi mg¯— cvwb Rxevbygy³ Kiv nq|
 bvm©vixi Pvwiw`‡K euv‡ai Dci w`‡q meyR †bU
Øviv †eov †`Iqv nq|
 cyKz‡i †cvbv gRy‡`i NbZ¡ 0.8/eM©wgUvi n‡Z
0.5/eM©wgUvi|
cwiewZ©Z cÖPwjZ c×wZ (MTT)
 bvm©vix‡Z gvwU wbwg©Z euva e¨envi Kiv nq|
 CST Gi gZ bvm©vixi Pvwiw`‡K ˆRe wbivc` (Bio-
secure) Ae¯’vq ‰Zix Kiv nq|
 bvm©vixi mg¯— cvwb Rxevbygy³ Kiv nq|
 bvm©vixi Pvwiw`‡K euv‡ai Dci w`‡q meyR †bU
Øviv †eov †`Iqv nq|
 cyKz‡i †cvbv gRy‡`i NbZ¡ 0.8/eM©wgUvi n‡Z
0.5/eM©wgUvi|

9. bvm©vix t
Ggb GKwU ¯’vb †hLv‡b wPswoi
†cvbv‡K wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ †i‡L
h‡_vchy³ hZœ I cwiPh©vi gva¨‡g jvjb
cvjb Kiv nq|
bvm©vixi D‡Ïk¨t
 †ivM/fvBivm cÖwZ‡iva
 cwi‡e‡ki fvj Ae¯’vq ivLv
 cÖ‡qvMK…Z Lv‡`¨i mymg e›Ub
 Lv`¨ †L‡Z myweav cvq
 cÖvK„wZK Lv‡`¨i cÖvPzh© _v‡K
 euvPvi nvi e„w× cvq
 AevwÃZ cÖvYxi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvq
bvm©vixi D‡Ïk¨t
 †ivM/fvBivm cÖwZ‡iva
 cwi‡e‡ki fvj Ae¯’vq ivLv
 cÖ‡qvMK…Z Lv‡`¨i mymg e›Ub
 Lv`¨ †L‡Z myweav cvq
 cÖvK„wZK Lv‡`¨i cÖvPzh© _v‡K
 euvPvi nvi e„w× cvq
 AevwÃZ cÖvYxi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvq
bvm©vix
cÖ¯‘ZKiY

11. wPswo Pvl c×wZ
Ave× Pvl c×wZt
 cyKz‡ii Pvwiw`‡Ki ˆRe-wbivc` Dcv‡q euva
ˆZix Kiv nq|
 cyKz‡ii mg¯— cvwb Rxevbygy³ Kiv nq|
 euv‡ai Dci w`‡q meyR †bU w`‡q †eov ˆZix
Kiv nq|
 meyR †b‡Ui A¯’vqx bvm©vix ˆZix Kiv nq|
 †cvbv gRy‡`i NbZ¡ 6/eM©wgUvi| Z‡e
Ave× Pvl c×wZt
 cyKz‡ii Pvwiw`‡Ki ˆRe-wbivc` Dcv‡q euva
ˆZix Kiv nq|
 cyKz‡ii mg¯— cvwb Rxevbygy³ Kiv nq|
 euv‡ai Dci w`‡q meyR †bU w`‡q †eov ˆZix
Kiv nq|
 meyR †b‡Ui A¯’vqx bvm©vix ˆZix Kiv nq|
 †cvbv gRy‡`i NbZ¡ 6/eM©wgUvi| Z‡e

12. cwiewZ©Z
cÖPwjZ c×wZ
(MTT)
Ave× Pvl c×wZ
(CST)

14.  wmj K‡i euva ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e †hb euv‡a
†Kvb wj‡KR ev wm‡cR bv _v‡K|
 evwni n‡Z †hb †Kvb mvc, e¨vO, KvKov
BZ¨vw` bv Avm‡Z cv‡i (msµvgb †iv‡ai Rb¨)
†mRb¨ euv‡ai Dci †bU w`‡q †eov †`Iqv nq|
 cyKz‡ii †fZ‡i Dchy³ ¯’v‡b bvm©vix ˆZix Ki‡Z
n‡e|
 bvm©vixi NbZ¡ 25-30/eM©wgUvi|
 bvm©vixi AvKvi 250 eM©wgUvi/†n±i|
 Ae¯’vi Dci we‡ePbv K‡i bvm©vix‡Z 15-30
 wmj K‡i euva ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e †hb euv‡a
†Kvb wj‡KR ev wm‡cR bv _v‡K|
 evwni n‡Z †hb †Kvb mvc, e¨vO, KvKov
BZ¨vw` bv Avm‡Z cv‡i (msµvgb †iv‡ai Rb¨)
†mRb¨ euv‡ai Dci †bU w`‡q †eov †`Iqv nq|
 cyKz‡ii †fZ‡i Dchy³ ¯’v‡b bvm©vix ˆZix Ki‡Z
n‡e|
 bvm©vixi NbZ¡ 25-30/eM©wgUvi|
 bvm©vixi AvKvi 250 eM©wgUvi/†n±i|
 Ae¯’vi Dci we‡ePbv K‡i bvm©vix‡Z 15-30
MTT Gi bvm©vix ˆZixi
wb‡`©kbv

15. CST Gi bvm©vix ˆZixi
wb‡`©kbv
 cyKz‡ii †fZi Dchy³ ¯’v‡b †bU w`‡q A¯’vqx
bvm©vix ˆZix Kiv nq|
 meyR †b‡Ui Zj‡`k gvwUi mv‡_ k³fv‡e ¯’vcb
Kiv nq †hb mn‡R D‡V bv hvq|
 GLv‡b †cvbvi NbZ¡ 50-100/eM©wgUvi|
 Gfv‡b 15-20 w`b ivLvi ci †bU DwV‡q †djv
nq|
 cyKz‡ii †fZi Dchy³ ¯’v‡b †bU w`‡q A¯’vqx
bvm©vix ˆZix Kiv nq|
 meyR †b‡Ui Zj‡`k gvwUi mv‡_ k³fv‡e ¯’vcb
Kiv nq †hb mn‡R D‡V bv hvq|
 GLv‡b †cvbvi NbZ¡ 50-100/eM©wgUvi|
 Gfv‡b 15-20 w`b ivLvi ci †bU DwV‡q †djv
nq|

16. MTT
bvm©vix
CST
bvm©vix

17. bvm©vixi AvKvi wbf©i K‡i-
cyKz‡ii †cvbv gRy‡`i cwigvb Ges
bvm©vix‡Z KZw`b †cvbv jvjb cvjb Kiv n‡e
- Zvi Dci
bvm©vixi
AvKvi

18. 1| Avbyex¶wYK evMvb ˆZix
2| cÖvK…wZK Lv‡`¨i Drcv`b mg„× Kiv
 mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g
 mve‡÷ªU e¨envi K‡i
1| Avbyex¶wYK evMvb ˆZix
2| cÖvK…wZK Lv‡`¨i Drcv`b mg„× Kiv
 mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g
 mve‡÷ªU e¨envi K‡i
Dfq bvm©vixi Rb¨ Kibxq welq

19. 1| euva wbg©vb
2| MfxiZv eRvq ivLv
3| wiRvf©i/cvwb aviK
wbg©vb
1| euva wbg©vb
2| MfxiZv eRvq ivLv
3| wiRvf©i/cvwb aviK
wbg©vb
bZzb cyKzi ˆZix

20. (1)euv‡ai D”PZv 1 wgUvi, P~ov 1 wgUvi Ges Xvjy
n‡e 2t1|
(2) gvwU‡Z Kgc‡¶ 20 kZvsk Kv`v _vK‡j fvj euva
ˆZix Kiv m¤¢e|
(3) †e‡j gvwU n‡j euva A‡bK †ewk cÖm¯’ Ki‡Z
n‡e Ges Xvjy A‡bK †ewk ivL‡Z n‡e|
(4) euva wbg©v‡Yi RvqMv n‡Z Nvm, MvQcvjv,
AvMvQv GgbwK ïKbv Zš‘RvZxq †kIjvI AcmviY
Ki‡Z n‡e|
(5) bZzb euva Ges g~j f~wgi g‡a¨ eÜb fvj nIqvi Rb¨
g~j f~wg †f‡½ †dj‡Z n‡e|
(7) euv‡a ¯‘‡i ¯—‡i gvwU w`‡q euva ˆZwi Ki‡Z
(1)euv‡ai D”PZv 1 wgUvi, P~ov 1 wgUvi Ges Xvjy
n‡e 2t1|
(2) gvwU‡Z Kgc‡¶ 20 kZvsk Kv`v _vK‡j fvj euva
ˆZix Kiv m¤¢e|
(3) †e‡j gvwU n‡j euva A‡bK †ewk cÖm¯’ Ki‡Z
n‡e Ges Xvjy A‡bK †ewk ivL‡Z n‡e|
(4) euva wbg©v‡Yi RvqMv n‡Z Nvm, MvQcvjv,
AvMvQv GgbwK ïKbv Zš‘RvZxq †kIjvI AcmviY
Ki‡Z n‡e|
(5) bZzb euva Ges g~j f~wgi g‡a¨ eÜb fvj nIqvi Rb¨
g~j f~wg †f‡½ †dj‡Z n‡e|
(7) euv‡a ¯‘‡i ¯—‡i gvwU w`‡q euva ˆZwi Ki‡Z
euva ˆZixi w`Kwb‡`©kbv

23. MfxiZv †ewk n‡j wbæwjwLZ myweavmg~n
cvIqv hvq-
K) ZvcgvÎv wbqš¿Y K‡i
L) Wyeš— Dw™¢` wbqš¿Y K‡i
M) cÖvK©wZK Drcv`b e„w× K‡i
N) cvwbi ¸bv¸b cwigvcKmg~n GKB Ae¯’vq
_v‡K
myZivs cyKz‡i †hb 2.5-3 dzU cvwb _v‡K †mfv‡e
cyKzi †_‡K gvwU DwV‡q †djv DwPr|
MfxiZv †ewk n‡j wbæwjwLZ myweavmg~n
cvIqv hvq-
K) ZvcgvÎv wbqš¿Y K‡i
L) Wyeš— Dw™¢` wbqš¿Y K‡i
M) cÖvK©wZK Drcv`b e„w× K‡i
N) cvwbi ¸bv¸b cwigvcKmg~n GKB Ae¯’vq
_v‡K
myZivs cyKz‡i †hb 2.5-3 dzU cvwb _v‡K †mfv‡e
cyKzi †_‡K gvwU DwV‡q †djv DwPr|
cvwbi MfxiZv
eRvq ivLv

24. cvwb aviK
evB‡ii cvwb mivmwi PvlK…Z wPswo cyKz‡i
cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv wbivc` bq|
†Nvjv _vKv m‡Ë¡I G cvwb‡Z bvbviKg msµvgK
RxevYy †hgb- fvBivm, e¨vK‡Uwiqv Ges A‡bK
AevwÃZ gvQ _v‡K h wPswo Pv‡li Rb¨
ûgwK¯^iƒc|
GRb¨ evB‡ii cvwb GLv‡b ¯^í mgq †i‡L we­
wPs Øviv RxevYygy³ K‡i cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx

25. cyivZb cyKzi cÖ¯‘ZKib
cyivZb cyKzi e¨e¯’cbvi Rb¨ wbæwjwLZ
c`‡¶c¸‡jv MÖnb Ki‡Z n‡e-
 Zj‡`‡k Rgv nIqv Kvj Kv`v mwi‡q †djv
 Pvl †`Iqv
 cyKzi ïKv‡bv
 Pzb e¨envi Kiv
cyivZb cyKzi e¨e¯’cbvi Rb¨ wbæwjwLZ
c`‡¶c¸‡jv MÖnb Ki‡Z n‡e-
 Zj‡`‡k Rgv nIqv Kvj Kv`v mwi‡q †djv
 Pvl †`Iqv
 cyKzi ïKv‡bv
 Pzb e¨envi Kiv

29. Liming in soil
Liming in water

30.  cwi¯‹vi Ges `~lYgy³ Drm †_‡K cvwb
MÖnb
 m¤¢e n‡j b`x ev Lvj †_‡K cvwb MÖnb
 m~² †b‡Ui ga¨ w`‡q QvK‡bi gva¨‡g cvwb
MÖnb
cyKz‡i cvwb cÖ‡e‡ki ci Aš—Zc‡¶ wZb w`b
ivLv nq| KviY-
 cvwb †kvl‡bi ci euv‡a m„ó dvUj eš’ n‡q
hvq d‡j cvwbi avib¶gZv ¯’vqx nq|
 mvm‡cb‡WW Dcv`vb (Szjš—) ax‡i ax‡i
cvwbi Zj‡`‡k Rgv nq|
 cvwbi mv‡_ AvMZ wWg n¨vwPs Gi
my‡hvM cvq|
 cwi¯‹vi Ges `~lYgy³ Drm †_‡K cvwb
MÖnb
 m¤¢e n‡j b`x ev Lvj †_‡K cvwb MÖnb
 m~² †b‡Ui ga¨ w`‡q QvK‡bi gva¨‡g cvwb
MÖnb
cyKz‡i cvwb cÖ‡e‡ki ci Aš—Zc‡¶ wZb w`b
ivLv nq| KviY-
 cvwb †kvl‡bi ci euv‡a m„ó dvUj eš’ n‡q
hvq d‡j cvwbi avib¶gZv ¯’vqx nq|
 mvm‡cb‡WW Dcv`vb (Szjš—) ax‡i ax‡i
cvwbi Zj‡`‡k Rgv nq|
 cvwbi mv‡_ AvMZ wWg n¨vwPs Gi
my‡hvM cvq|
cyKz‡i cvwb
cÖ‡ek

32. cvwb RxevYygy³ Kibcvwb RxevYygy³ Kib
 we­wPs cvDWvi‡K cvwbi mv‡_ wgwk‡q cyKz‡iiwe­wPs cvDWvi‡K cvwbi mv‡_ wgwk‡q cyKz‡ii
mg¯— cvwb‡Z wQwU‡q †`Iqv nq|mg¯— cvwb‡Z wQwU‡q †`Iqv nq|
 m~‡h©i Av‡jvi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z †K¬vwib †hŠMm~‡h©i Av‡jvi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z †K¬vwib †hŠM
ax‡i ax‡i fv‡½ Gesax‡i ax‡i fv‡½ Ges
 wc,GBP Kg _vK‡j we­wPs cvDWv‡iiwc,GBP Kg _vK‡j we­wPs cvDWv‡ii
Kvh©KvwiZv †ewk nqKvh©KvwiZv †ewk nq
 cwigvYtcwigvYt 7070 ppmppm nv‡i| Z‡e we­wPs Gi cwigvbnv‡i| Z‡e we­wPs Gi cwigvb
wbæwjwLZ welq¸wji Dci wbf©i K‡itwbæwjwLZ welq¸wji Dci wbf©i K‡it
1| we­wPs cvDWv‡i †K¬vwi‡bi kZKiv Dcw¯’wZi1| we­wPs cvDWv‡i †K¬vwi‡bi kZKiv Dcw¯’wZi
DciDci
2| cvwb‡Z Dcw¯’Z cÖvYxi †K¬vwib mnbxqZv Ges2| cvwb‡Z Dcw¯’Z cÖvYxi †K¬vwib mnbxqZv Ges

33. we­wPs Gi cwie‡Z©we­wPs Gi cwie‡Z©
 1| wWcUv‡i· 1.51| wWcUv‡i· 1.5 ppmppm nv‡i Gesnv‡i Ges
†iv‡Ubb 2†iv‡Ubb 2 ppmppm nv‡inv‡i
e¨envi‡hvM¨|e¨envi‡hvM¨|
 2| cvwb wdëvi K‡i|2| cvwb wdëvi K‡i|

34. gvB‡µv¯‹wcK/Avbywe¶wYKgvB‡µv¯‹wcK/Avbywe¶wYK
evMvb ˆZixevMvb ˆZix
cv‡Ui e¯—vi GK gyL Ly‡j euv‡ki †d«‡gi
mv‡_ †eu‡a 450
†Kv‡Y gvwU‡Z ¯’vcb|
ZvjcvZv, †MvjcvZv, bvwi‡KjcvZv BZ¨vw`
wbw`©ó `~i‡Z¡ cvwb‡Z ¯’vcb|
KwÂi AvwU nvjKv K‡i †eu‡a cvwbi †fZi
¯’vcb|
G mKj Dcv`v‡b Zj‡`kxq A¨vjwR,
e¨vK‡Uwiqv, Ryc­vsKUb Ges
†cwidvB‡Uvb BZ¨vw` Rgv nq hv †cvbv,
Ry‡fbvBj Ges eo wPswo Lvevi wn‡m‡e

36. mvi cÖ‡qvMmvi cÖ‡qvM
1| mwilvi ˆLj1| mwilvi ˆLj -- ††KwR/KwR/||
2| ïKbv Mei2| ïKbv Mei ††KwR/KwR/||
3| wPUv¸o (†gvjv‡mm)3| wPUv¸o (†gvjv‡mm) ††KwR/KwR/ GesGes
††KwR/KwR/||
Urea:Urea: //
TSP:TSP: //

38. wPUv¸o e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g DcKvixwPUv¸o e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g DcKvix
e¨K‡Uwiqvi msL¨v e„w×e¨K‡Uwiqvi msL¨v e„w×
DcKvwiZvDcKvwiZv
cyKz‡ii cvwb Ges gvwU‡ZcyKz‡ii cvwb Ges gvwU‡Z
gvB‡µvAM©vwbR‡gi msL¨v e„w× GesgvB‡µvAM©vwbR‡gi msL¨v e„w× Ges
Kvh©Kix K‡i|Kvh©Kix K‡i|
Rxe ˆewPΨ e„w× cvq|Rxe ˆewPΨ e„w× cvq|
DcKvix e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Rb¨ ˆRe Dcv`vbDcKvix e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Rb¨ ˆRe Dcv`vb
†hgb- wfUvwgb, A¨vgvB‡bv GwmW,†hgb- wfUvwgb, A¨vgvB‡bv GwmW,
GbRvBg BZ¨vw` mg„× nq|GbRvBg BZ¨vw` mg„× nq|

39. msµvgK (msµvgK (ContaminationContamination) †iv‡a) †iv‡a
KibxqKibxq
fvBiv‡mi †Kvb evnK †hgb- KuvKov, mvc,
e¨vO BZ¨vw` hv‡Z bv Avm‡Z cv‡i Zvi Rb¨
cyKz‡ii Pvicv‡k GgbwK Avf¨š—wiY euv‡ai
DciI Nb Rv‡ji †eov w`‡Z n‡e| Ges Rvj euv‡ai
evB‡ii cvk w`‡q emv‡Z n‡e †hb fvBivmgy³
cwi‡e‡k nvUv Pjv Kiv hvq|
evnK †hgb- cvwL cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ LyuwUi
gv_vq iwk †eu‡a A_ev iwOb KvMR PvlK„Z
GjvKvi Pvicv‡k e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
Mi“ ev QvMj cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ †eov e¨envi
Kiv|
cvwb msµvgb †iv‡ai Rb¨ wjKgy³ A_ev

40.  wfwRUi ev Ab¨‡`i we­wPs cvwb‡Z
nvZ cv ay‡q cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z †`Iqv|
 dv‡g© e¨eüZ mKj cÖKvi hš¿cvwZ
†hgb- cv¤ú, cvBc, Rvj, evjwZ Aek¨B
RxevYygy³ n‡Z n‡e| Ges wPswo
AvniY bv nIqv ch©š— dv‡g©B ivL‡Z
n‡e|
 dv‡g© e¨eüZ Lvevi Ges mvi †Kvb
µ‡gB †hb msµwgZ bv nq Zv wbwðZ

41. cwiewZ©Z cÖPwjZ c×wZii
‡Ni ˆZixt‡Ni ˆZixt
††Ni ˆZixi cÖwµqvwU hw` h_vh_ nq, Zvn‡jNi ˆZixi cÖwµqvwU hw` h_vh_ nq, Zvn‡j
Avcbvi PvlKvjxb SzuwK A‡a©‡K †b‡gAvcbvi PvlKvjxb SzuwK A‡a©‡K †b‡g
Av‡m| G‡ZB cªZxqgvb nq †Ni ˆZixiAv‡m| G‡ZB cªZxqgvb nq †Ni ˆZixi
¸i“Z¡ KZUzKz| G‡¶‡Î cvjbxq civgk© n‡jv-¸i“Z¡ KZUzKz| G‡¶‡Î cvjbxq civgk© n‡jv-
cvomg~n gReyZ K‡i cÖ¯‘Z ev †givgZ Ki‡Zcvomg~n gReyZ K‡i cÖ¯‘Z ev †givgZ Ki‡Z
n‡en‡e
eQi †k‡l †N‡ii Zjv gvwUi aib AbyhvqxeQi †k‡l †N‡ii Zjv gvwUi aib Abyhvqx
cÖ‡qvRbgZ ïKv‡Z n‡ecÖ‡qvRbgZ ïKv‡Z n‡e
‡‡N‡ii Zjvq MÜhy³ Kv‡jv Kuv`v gvwU _vK‡jN‡ii Zjvq MÜhy³ Kv‡jv Kuv`v gvwU _vK‡j
Zv h_vm¤¢e Zz‡j †dj‡Z n‡eZv h_vm¤¢e Zz‡j †dj‡Z n‡e

42. c«‡qvR‡b †N‡ii Zjvq ïK‡bv gvwU Pvl w`‡Zc«‡qvR‡b †N‡ii Zjvq ïK‡bv gvwU Pvl w`‡Z
n‡en‡e
‡‡N‡ii †fZ‡ii 2-3 cv‡k cÖ‡qvR‡b bvjv KvUvN‡ii †fZ‡ii 2-3 cv‡k cÖ‡qvR‡b bvjv KvUv
†h‡Z cv‡i†h‡Z cv‡i
GKwU Av`k© †N‡ii AvqZb nIqv DwPr 10-15GKwU Av`k© †N‡ii AvqZb nIqv DwPr 10-15
weNvweNv
‡‡N‡i cÖPzi †kIjv _vK‡j Zv cwi¯‹vi K‡i ‡dj‡ZN‡i cÖPzi †kIjv _vK‡j Zv cwi¯‹vi K‡i ‡dj‡Z
n‡en‡e
A‡bK mgq †N‡i avb Mv‡Qi bx‡Pi Ask †_‡KA‡bK mgq †N‡i avb Mv‡Qi bx‡Pi Ask †_‡K
hvq-m¤¢e n‡j cwi¯‹vi K‡i ‡djv A_ev †N‡i