1. Phonemic Awareness is the ability to recognize and
manipulate phonemes in spoken words
Phonemes
Speech
Sounds
Hearing and
recognizing the
sounds of speech
Phonemic (Encoding and
Awareness Decoding –
Consonant Phoneme
Vowels Segmentation
In English there are 44 phonemes. See the previous list
presented and adapted from the common core state
standards. The symbols representing the sounds are
called phonetic symbols /TH/

2. PA INSTRUCTION
• Phoneme isolation: recognizing individual sounds in
words. Example: what is the beginning sound in the
word pat? /p/
• Phoneme identity: recognizing the common sound
in different words. Example: What sound do you
hear in these words bell, bear, big? /b/
• Phoneme Categorization: recognizing the word
with the odd sound. Example: Which one does not
belong? bus, bun, rug /r/ in rug)

3. PA INSTRUCTION
• Phoneme Blending: Listening to a sequence of separate
spoken sounds and combining them to form a
recognizable word. Example: What word is /p/,
/a/, /t/ (pat) or in the word s/,/k/,/u/,/l/ (school)
• Phoneme Segmentation: Breaking a word into its
individual sounds (tapping them out / placing markers
on sounds – Elkonin Box) Example: How many sounds do
your hear in the word ship (/sh/,
/i/, /p/
• Phoneme deletion: Recognizing a word with a specified
phoneme is removed. Example: What is charm without
the /ch/ (arm)