TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

1. TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

2. In Educational
Psychology there
are Tools and
Techniques.
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

3. Tools for data collection
The term tool refers to any device or
implement used collect factual information or data
required for the study of some phenomenon or a
problem.
Tools are used to systematically record
information or to precisely measure the data.
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

4. The important tools used for collecting
data in the field of Educational psychology
are the following:
 Tests
 Anecdotal Record
 Cumulative Record
 Check List
 Rating Scale
 Questionnaire
 Psychological Test
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

5. Anecdotal
Record

6. What is Anecdotal Record?
An Anecdotal is a running
description of actual examples of
behaviour of a student as
observed by teachers and the
counsellor. It is followed by
comments.
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

7.  According to Brown and Martin,
Anecdotes are descriptive
accounts of episodes or
occurrences in the daily life of the
student.
 According to Raths Louis, An
Anecdotal record is a report of a
significant episode in the life of a
student.
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

8.  According to Traxler, this record, as the
name implies, involves setting down an
Anecdote concerning some aspect of
pupil behaviour which seems significant
to the observer.
 According to Zann, D. Willard, an
anecdotal record as a simple
statement of an incident deemed by
the observer to be significant with
respect to a given pupil.
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

9. A Specimen of an Anecdotal Record
Name of the School
Name of pupil observed Class Subject
Observer Date and Place
Objective Description
Comments of the Observer
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

10. Objective Description
I have been finding Ram day after day in
the library reading magazines, yet he never has
time to correct error or to work carefully on Hindi
assignments.
Comments
Ram does not like to write but likes to
read. I have asked the librarian not to admit him
during his free periods unless he hears from me
that Ram has done his work.
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

11. Characteristics and Preparation of
an Anecdotal Record
We cannot set any limit on the number of
Anecdotes to be record.
These supplement other records and should
not be considered as substitutes.
The objective discription of the behaviour
should not be mixed up with the subjective
comments.
Any significant behaviour, be it in the class
room, in the school or outside the school,
should be recorded.
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

12. Behaviour, whether it is favourable, unfavourable
or neither favourable nor unfavourable to the child,
should be recorded.
The facts presented in all the Anecdotes must be
shifted and arranged so that may be studied in
relation to one another.
The record should be regarded as confidential.It
should not fall in to irresponsible hands.
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

13. What is written down is what was seen or
heard. Inferences guesses assemptions are
omitted unless they are clearly labeled as
inferences, guesses or assumptions.
The observer should determined what
aspects of behaviours are related to the
dimension being appraised. He observes
these only and records them only.
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

14. Words and phrases are used
whose meaning is clear, and so far
as possible, unequivocal.
Words and phrases are employed
that are definable in terms of
things rather than other words.
Concrete statements are
preferred to abstract ones.
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

15. Words and phrases that have strong
emotional connections are avoided. i.e.,
love, hate, insolvent, courteous, loyal,
dishonest, etc
Words and phrases are avoided which
express the observer’s judgement, or his
opinion, and not his perception. Among the
frequently encountered ‘’ judgemental
terms ‘’ that should be avoided are the
following:
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

16. Well-behaved
Deliquent
Aggressive
Didn’t try
Industrious
Nervous
Happy
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

17. Values and Uses of Anecdotal
Records
They provide specific and exact
description of personality and
minimise generalisations.
They are very helpful in child's
behaviour in diverse situations.
They provide a continuous record.
They provide data pupils to use in
self-appraisal.
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

18. A summary of these records is
valuable for forwarding with a pupil
when he is transferred from one’s
school to another.
The new members of the staff may
use these records and acquant
themselves with the students.
These records aid in clinical service.
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

19. Anecdotal Records are now a days
included in the cumulative records of
children.
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

20. Cumulative Records
This is a progressive record of
pupil’s educational history.
Through evaluation of a student
has to be done on the basis of
continuous assessment for a long
period.
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology

21. Presented by
PHYSICAL SCIENCE BATCH -
16
Thank you
Tools and techniques of Educational Psychology