Entering a New Century, 1992-2013 Chapter 29 The Clinton YearsThe Opening RoundNAFTAGATTAIDS Federal support became available“Contract with America”Called for reduced federal spending and support for family values1994 elections * The ComebackWon the 1995 “battle of the budget” Clinton’s Second TermSet a centrist agendaBalanced Budget ActTaxpayer Relief Act The Clinton Years * Clinton’s Foreign PolicyWorked to reduce trade barriersEnhance global economic stabilityMiddle EastContinued efforts to ease tensionsDayton AgreementEthnic cleansing The Clinton Years * Economy and Society in the 1990sA Revitalized Economy1992 started to climb out of recessionOne of the longest period of sustained economic growth in the nation’s historyBegan slowing again in 2001Rapid growth in information technologyThis was only the beginning * Economy and Society in the 1990sRich, Poor, and in Betweenmore people forced into service industrieswages were lowerbenefits scarceMedical expenses One of the country’s fastest rising costs * Women, Family, and the Culture WarDramatic changes in family structureFeminization of povertyAbortion remained one of the most divisive issues1996 Defense of Marriage Act Economy and Society in the 1990s * Judicial Restraint and the Rehnquist CourtConservatives and most Republicans believed the Supreme Court needed to practice judicial restraintModified many of the principles of the Warren Court The Clinton Years * New Agendas and ChallengesThe 2000 ElectionDemocrat Al GoreTexas Governor Geroge W. BushControversy over results Establishing the Bush AgendaTax cutsEducation reform * Charting New Foreign PoliciesRepublicans believed Clinton had been too interested in international cooperationWeakened the nation’s power New Agendas and Challenges * An Assault Against a NationSeptember 11, 2001Among Democrats and Republicans, efforts were made to minimize political rhetoric and support the presidentAl-QaedaSaddam Hussein in Iraq New Agendas and Challenges * War and PoliticsWar on TerrorismAl-QaedaOsama bin LadenCoalition-building efforts * War and PoliticsIraq and PoliticsSaddam Hussein“shock and awe”Iraq became a new kind of war zone * War and PoliticsBush’s Second TermHurricane KatrinaTroop surge * Economic Crisis and ObamaObama won 2008 election53% of popular voteTARP The Politics of FilibusterAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment ActHealth Care and Education Reconciliation Act War and Politics * Republican ResurgenceTea Party movementGridlock and Election of 2012Budget Control ActMitt Romney – Republican candidate“fiscal cliff”Obama re-elected51% of vote War and Politics * America Under Stress, 1967-1976 Chapter 27 Johnson and the WarAmericanization of the Vietnam WarCommunism presented a direct challenge American interestsPresident Johnson delayed because it was an election yearDomino theoryTet Offensive * The Antiwar MovementIn 1965, most American ...

1. Entering a New Century,
1992-2013
Chapter 29
The Clinton YearsThe Opening RoundNAFTAGATTAIDS
Federal support became available“Contract with
America”Called for reduced federal spending and support for
family values1994 elections
*
The ComebackWon the 1995 “battle of the budget”
Clinton’s Second TermSet a centrist agendaBalanced Budget
ActTaxpayer Relief Act
The Clinton Years
*
Clinton’s Foreign PolicyWorked to reduce trade
barriersEnhance global economic stabilityMiddle EastContinued
efforts to ease tensionsDayton AgreementEthnic cleansing

2. The Clinton Years
*
Economy and Society in the 1990sA Revitalized Economy1992
started to climb out of recessionOne of the longest period of
sustained economic growth in the nation’s historyBegan slowing
again in 2001Rapid growth in information technologyThis was
only the beginning
*
Economy and Society in the 1990sRich, Poor, and in
Betweenmore people forced into service industrieswages were
lowerbenefits scarceMedical expenses One of the country’s
fastest rising costs
*
Women, Family, and the Culture WarDramatic changes in
family structureFeminization of povertyAbortion remained one
of the most divisive issues1996 Defense of Marriage Act
Economy and Society in the 1990s

3. *
Judicial Restraint and the Rehnquist CourtConservatives and
most Republicans believed the Supreme Court needed to
practice judicial restraintModified many of the principles of the
Warren Court
The Clinton Years
*
New Agendas and ChallengesThe 2000 ElectionDemocrat Al
GoreTexas Governor Geroge W. BushControversy over results
Establishing the Bush AgendaTax cutsEducation reform
*
Charting New Foreign PoliciesRepublicans believed Clinton had
been too interested in international cooperationWeakened the
nation’s power
New Agendas and Challenges
*

4. An Assault Against a NationSeptember 11, 2001Among
Democrats and Republicans, efforts were made to minimize
political rhetoric and support the presidentAl-QaedaSaddam
Hussein in Iraq
New Agendas and Challenges
*
War and PoliticsWar on TerrorismAl-QaedaOsama bin
LadenCoalition-building efforts
*
War and PoliticsIraq and PoliticsSaddam Hussein“shock and
awe”Iraq became a new kind of war zone
*
War and PoliticsBush’s Second TermHurricane KatrinaTroop
surge
*

5. Economic Crisis and ObamaObama won 2008 election53% of
popular voteTARP
The Politics of FilibusterAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment
ActHealth Care and Education Reconciliation Act
War and Politics
*
Republican ResurgenceTea Party movementGridlock and
Election of 2012Budget Control ActMitt Romney – Republican
candidate“fiscal cliff”Obama re-elected51% of vote
War and Politics
*
America Under Stress, 1967-1976
Chapter 27
Johnson and the WarAmericanization of the Vietnam
WarCommunism presented a direct challenge American
interestsPresident Johnson delayed because it was an election
yearDomino theoryTet Offensive

6. *
The Antiwar MovementIn 1965, most Americans still supported
the US role in VietnamBut the largely college-based opposition
was more outspokenOperation ChaosJohnson’s circle of
advisers also began to oppose war
Johnson and the War
*
Tet and the 1968 Presidential CampaignThe Tet
OffensiveSeriously weakened American support for the war
The Changing of the GuardJohnson leadership was
challengeddecided not to run for re-election
*
The Election of 1968Vietnam War and anti-war protests became
major issuesSenator Robert Kennedy’s assassinationChicago
Democratic ConventionTelevision camerasSDS
Tet and the 1968 Presidential Campaign
*

7. Defining the American DreamThe Emergence of La
CausaLatinos“the invisible minority”National Farm Workers
Association (NFWA)Cesar ChavezRole of Youth
*
American Indian ActivismIndians on and off reservations
organizedIndian Self-Determination and Education
ActGambling on reservationsAmerican Indian Movement (AIM)
Defining the American Dream
*
Nixon and the WorldVietnamizationNixon and Kissinger knew
Vietnam was the most immediate problemNixon
DoctrineNixon’s solutionCambodiaWar Powers ActFall of
Saigon
*
Modifying the Cold WarDétenteChina was the keySALT ISoviet
leader BrezhnevLatin AmericaChileSalvador Allende
Nixon and the World

8. *
Nixon and the Domestic AgendaNixon as
PragmatistSurprisingly liberalBattle with inflation“Philadelphia
Plan”
Building the Silent MajorityDetermined to expand and
strengthen Republican Party
*
An Embattled PresidentConvinced he was surrounded by
enemiesCREEPWatergate building“Saturday Night
Massacre”Nixon resignedAn Interim PresidentGerald Ford
Nixon and the Domestic Agenda
*
New Economic and Political Alignments, 1976-1992
Chapter 28
New Directions in Foreign PolicyEmphasis on human

9. rightsCarter DoctrineCamp David AccordsIranPanama and the
Panama Canal
The Carter Presidency
*
The Carter PresidencyDomestic PrioritiesFaced an economic
recessionMany liberals and congressional Democrats disagreed
with his approachesAffirmative Action challengesWomen
criticized his lack of supportEqual Rights AmendmentRoe v.
Wade (1973)Energy crisis
*
Resurgent ConservatismThe New RightReagan’s campaign
pulled vital support from New Right“Religious Right”“Moral
Majority”
*
Reaganism“Great Communicator”Supply-side economics1981
Economic Recovery and Tax ActTrade deficitFederal
deficitReaganomicsContinued to push in 2nd termMixed results
Resurgent Conservatism

10. *
A Society and Economy in TransitionEconomic
ChangeGlobalizationPostindustrial economyMany corporations
invested more heavily in service industriesNew ImmigrantsAsia,
Latin America, and CaribbeanImmigration and Reform Control
Act (1986)
*
Asserting World PowerCold War RenewedStrategic Defense
Initiative (SDI)“Reagan Doctrine”Grenada (1983)Contra
“freedom fighters” in NicaraguaMany feared Central America
would become another VietnamBoland Amendment (1984)
*
The Middle East and TerrorismOne of the most difficult
problems was how to deal with terrorism directed against the
USPLO – Palestinian Liberation OrganizationRise in
terrorismIran-Contra Affair
Asserting World Power

11. *
Reagan and GorbachevPerestroikaGlasnostINF Treaty (1987)To
many, it seemed as if the Cold War was over
Asserting World Power
*
In Reagan’s ShadowBush Assumes Office1988 campaignWon
election easilyFaced a Democratic majority in CongressBoth
housesAmericans with Disabilities Act
*
Bush and a New International OrderCommunism was in
retreatBerlin WallSimilar movements taking place around the
worldCollapse of Soviet UnionPersian Gulf WarOperation
Desert Storm
In Reagan’s Shadow
*
The Election of 1992Cultural WarRoss PerotDemocrat Bill
Clinton
In Reagan’s Shadow

12. *
Great Promises, Bitter Disappointments, 1960-1968
Chapter 26
The Politics of ActionThe 1960 Political CampaignSenator John
F. KennedyNo Catholic had ever been elected presidentSome
worried about his young age (43)Televised debates with
NixonJFK won a narrow margin in popular votes
*
The New FrontierBelieved experts could solve problemsWith
little need of public support“best and the brightest”“New
economics”New problem of inflation
The Politics of Action
*
Kennedy and Civil RightsNew wave of black activismSit-
insSNCCFreedom ridersInterstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

13. The Politics of Action
*
Flexible ResponseConfronting Castro and the SovietsAlliance
for Progress“Bay of Pigs”Berlin WallCuban Missile
CrisisLimited Test Ban Treaty
*
VietnamNgo Dinh Diem losing controlMilitary advisers argued
for need to use American troopsJFK more cautious
Death in DallasNovember 22, 1963
Flexible Response
*
Defining a New PresidencyOld and New AgendasCivil Rights
Act of 1964Federal Employment Practices Committee
(FEPC)War on Poverty
*

14. Implementing the Great SocietyCivil Rights“The Freedom
Summer of 1964”Freedom SchoolsCivil Rights Violence1965
Voting Rights ActElementary And Secondary Education
ActMedical Care Act
Defining a New Presidency
*
New VoicesUrban Riots and Black PowerFederal legislation
ended de jure segregationDe facto segregation remainedMore
than a million African Americans left the South in the 1960sThe
Watts RiotsBlack Power MovementStokely CarmichaelMalcolm
X
*
Rejecting the Feminine MystiqueBetty Friedan’s 1963
bestsellerTitle VIINational Organization for WomenEqual
Rights Amendment
Rejecting Gender RolesRadical feministsGay Manifesto
New Voices
*
The Youth MovementStudents for a Democratic

15. SocietyPsychedelic Acid Rock
The CountercultureDrugsLegacy of free love“Hippies”
New Voices
*
Quest for Consensus, 1952-1960
Chapter 25
Politics of ConsensusEisenhower Takes CommandIke was a war
hero and well-knownRepublicans also ensured their majority in
CongressRe-elected in 1956Dynamic ConservatismEisenhower’s
“middle path”Federal Highway ActNational Defense Education
Act
*
The Problem with McCarthyMany Republicans hoped he would
quietly disappearSenate eventually investigated him
Politics of Consensus
*

16. Eisenhower and World AffairsThe New
LookBrinkmanshipEconomic and political pressuresCentral
Intelligence Agency
The Third WorldBy 1960, 37 new nations in Africa, Asia, and
Middle EastCIA
*
Turmoil in the Middle EastArab nationalismEgypt and Iran
Eisenhower Doctrine
A Protective NeighborGuatemalaCuba
Eisenhower and World Affairs
*
The New Look in AsiaGeneva Agreement
The Soviets in Cold War PoliticsSoviet takeover of Hungary
(1956)U-2 spy planeFive Power SummitDemocrats accused their
opponents of being too soft on communism
Eisenhower and World Affairs
*
The Best of TimesThe Web of ProsperityTechnological

17. advancesGrowth of service sector
*
Culture and ConsumerismPeople wanted to live in
suburbsNuclear familyImages of the familyReligious leaders
The Best of Times
*
Culture and Consumerism (cont’d)Automobile industry
Suburban MarketDiner’s Club credit card made its debutCredit
purchases
The Best of Times
*
Working Women and Rocking KidsNot all homemakers
happyJuvenile delinquencyRock ‘n’ roll music
The Best of Times
*

18. The Best of TimesRejecting ConsensusThe Lonely
CrowdOrganization ManThe Beats
Outside SuburbiaPovertyCities
The Civil Rights MovementIntegrating Schools1954 Brown v.
Board of EducationCentral High School (Little
Rock)Meaningful integration still years away
*
The Montgomery Bus BoycottRosa ParksSCLCIke and Civil
RightsBelieved government had little role in integrationCivil
Rights Act of 1957Voting Rights Act of 1960
The Civil Rights Movement
*
Truman and Cold War America,
1945-1952
Chapter 24
The Cold War BeginsTruman and Paths to PeaceInternational

19. cooperation and deterrence based on military strengthSoviets
advanced opposing goalsContainment policyKennan’s “Long
Telegram”“Iron Curtain” SpeechIdeology and geography
determined postwar credits and loans to Europe
*
The Division of EuropeTruman Doctrine – Greece and
TurkeyMarshall PlanNATO (North Atlantic Treaty
Organization)The U.S. Presence in Latin America and the
Middle EastNational Security Act
The Cold War Begins
*
The Cold War in AsiaThe Chinese Civil War
Dec. 1949: Nationalist government fled to Taiwan
NSC-68
*
The Cold War in AsiaHalting Communist AggressionUS public
opinion supported intervention in KoreaBy 1950, North Korean
forces occupied South Korea
Seeking to Liberate North Korea38th ParallelForced to accept

20. two Koreas
*
Postwar PoliticsTruman and Liberalism“outdeal the New
Deal”Fair Practices Employment CommissionTaft-Hartley Act
(1947)Truman’s vetoTo Secure These Rights (1947)
*
The 1948 ElectionRepublicans had high
expectationsDixiecratsStrom ThurmondTruman defeated
DeweyFair DealTruman gave civil rights, and federal aid to
education, a place on the national agendaBrannan Plan
Postwar Politics
*
Cold War PoliticsThe Red ScareHouse Un-American Activities
Committee (HUAC)Joseph McCarthyAlger HissSoviet explosion
of atomic bombMcCarran Internal Security Act
*

21. Joseph McCarthy and the Politics of LoyaltyMcCarthy emerged
at the forefront of anti-Communist movementUltimately
challenged the Army
Cold War Politics
*
Homecoming and Social AdjustmentsRising ExpectationsBy late
1945, 1.25 million GIs were returning home each
monthLevittownsShelly v. Kraemer (1948)Veterans also
expected their jobs back
*
From Industrial Worker to HomemakerWomen found “fair
employment” vanishedLatinos and African Americans:
Restrained ExpectationsLatinosLULACAfrican
AmericansHeightened degree of resistance to returning to old
norms
Homecoming and Social Adjustments
*

22. America’s Rise to World Leadership, 1929-1945
Chapter 23
Road to WarDiplomacy in a Dangerous WorldRoosevelt
followed Hoover’s Good Neighbor PolicyCuba and Mexico soon
tested the policyRoosevelt and IsolationismNye
CommitteeNeutrality Acts19351937
*
War and American NeutralityThird Neutrality Act (1939)Burke-
Wadsworth Act
The Battle for the AtlanticLend-Lease BillAtlantic Charter
Road to War
*
Pearl HarborFDR tried to balance US needs with
BritainAmericans prepared for warJapan moved firstDecember
7, 1941US declared war on December 8
Road to War
*

23. America Responds to WarJapanese-American InternmentProduct
of long-standing racist attitudeExecutive Order 9066Nisei and
IsseiInternment Camps
*
Mobilizing the Nation for WarArsenal of DemocracyOffice of
Price AdministrationOffice of War MobilizationThe war
brought an end to the Depression
America Responds to War
*
A People at Work and WarMost were moving and taking
jobsWomen and minoritiesWar industrial cities
New Opportunities and Old ConstraintsMilitary pushed to create
new roles for womenRosie the Riveter
America Responds to War
*
Wartime PoliticsGI Bill of RightsFDR won re-election in 1940
America Responds to War

24. *
Waging World WarHalting the Japanese AdvanceMidway
Roads to BerlinBattle of StalingradAllies begin to meet with
some successTehran ConferenceOperation Overlord
*
Stresses in the Grand AllianceYalta
Waging World War
*
The Holocaust“The Final
Solution
”Concentration campsWar Refuge BoardNot until 1944
Waging World War

25. *
Closing the Circle on JapanMore and more American lives were
being lost
Waging World War
*
Entering a Nuclear AgeThe Manhattan ProjectPotsdam
DeclarationHiroshima and NagasakiEnded WWIIBut most of the
world lay in ruins
Waging World War
*

26. The Great Depression and the New Deal,
1929-1939
Chapter 22
The Economic CrisisThe Crash and the Great DepressionBlack
Thursday – Oct. 24, 1929Crash was a catalyst for the Great
DepressionNot a causeWeaknesses of economy were
highlightedBanking system appeared to be collapsingSmoot-
Hawley Tariff (1930)World trade was stifled as a result
*
Hoover’s Response to CrisisSecretary of Treasury Andrew
MellonMost experts believed free market would eventually heal
itselfTook new steps in 1931Glass-Steagall Banking ActFederal
Home Loan ActReconstruction Finance Corporation
The Economic Crisis

27. *
A Rising Tide of DiscontentFarmers’ Holiday AssociationBonus
Army
The Roosevelt LandslideVoters chose philosophy of
DemocratsPeople voted for Democrats at every level
The Economic Crisis
*
1933 – The First Hundred DaysFDR had no clear
planEmergency Banking BillFireside chatsAgricultural
Adjustment ActNational Industrial Recovery ActTennessee
Valley AuthorityCivilian Conservation Corps
The New Deal
*

28. 1934 – Year of TurmoilOpposition to New Deal
emergedSecurities and Exchange Commission (SEC)Federal
Housing Administration (FHA)Popular criticsFather Charles
CoughlinSenator Huey LongDr. Francis Townsend
The New Deal
*
The New Deal1935 – The Second Hundred DaysCongress
allocated $5 billion for reliefSchechter Poultry Corporation v.
U.S.Social Security ActNational Labor Relations (Wagner) Act
*
The Election of 1936 and the Waning of the New DealCourt-
Packing PlanFDR eventually admitted defeatRoosevelt’s
recessionFair Labor Standards Act

29. The New Deal
*
Changing the Face of America: The New Deal in
ActionImpacted entire nationNational Youth
AdministrationUnited States v. ButlerSoil Conservation and
Domestic Allotment ActDust BowlRural Electrification
Administration
The New Deal
*
PWA and WPAPublic Works AdministrationWorks Progress
AdministrationThe Wagner Act and the Growth of UnionsThe
New Deal and Agriculture
The New Deal

30. *
Americans Grapple with the Depression“Making Do”“Use it up,
wear it out, make it do, or do without”Feed sacks became a
source of material
Changing Women’s RolesAs unemployment rose, so did
pressure NOT to hire women
*
Americans Grapple with the DepressionRace and Depression:
South and WestDepression’s economic impact intensified
economic and social difficulties for: African
AmericansLatinosAsiansScottsboro Nine
*

31. A New Deal for All?Eleanor RooseveltMore African Americans
appointed to government positions
Cultural Expression in the Midst of Depression?Some artistic
expression critical of American society and politics
Americans Grapple with the Depression
*
The Great Depression and New Deal in Perspective
Left a permanent legacy of an activist government
*

32. Prosperity Decade,
1920-1928
Chapter 21
Prosperity DecadeThe Economics of ProsperityNo immediate
collapse after WWIEconomy quickly rebounded after
1921Declining prices for agricultural productsBrought lower
prices for:FoodClothing
*
Prosperity DecadeTargeting ConsumersChanges in fashionRise
in advertising
The Automobile Driving the EconomySymbol of consumer-
oriented economy of 1920sTaylor’s scientific management

33. Changes in Banking and BusinessGreat corporate merger wave
“Get Rich Quick” Stock market speculatingBuying on the
marginOther speculative opportunities abounded
Prosperity Decade
*
Prosperity DecadeAgriculture: Depression in the Midst of
ProsperityProsperity never extended to agriculturePrices fell as
a result of overproductionFarm Bloc
The “Roaring Twenties” A People on Wheels: The Automobile
and American LifeProfoundly changed patterns of livingLos
Angeles: Automobile MetropolisA Homogenized Culture
Searches for HeroesNational sports heroesMovie stars
*

34. Alienated IntellectualsSome went to EuropeAmerican writers
bemoaned what they saw as ShallownessGreedHomogenization
The “Roaring Twenties”
*
The “Roaring Twenties”Renaissance Among African
AmericansHarlem RenaissanceSymbol of new, urban
lifeLangston HughesJazz
Traditional America Roars BackProhibitionMany simply
ignored it from the startProduced unintended consequences
Fundamentalism and the Campaign Against EvolutionScopes
Trial

35. *
Nativism, Immigration Restriction, and EugenicsRace relations
changed little during 1920s
The Ku Klux KlanDeclared itself defender of the old-fashioned
Protestant morality
Traditional America Roars Back
*
New Social Patterns in the 1920sEthnicity and Race: North,
South, and West
Beginnings of Change in Federal Indian PolicyAmerican Indian
Defense Association
Mexican AmericansRevolution in Mexico increased number of
Mexicans moving north

36. *
Labor on the DefensiveDifficulties establishing unions in 1920s
Changes in Women’s LivesBirth control19th Amendment
Development of Gay and Lesbian Subcultures
New Social Patterns in the 1920s
*
The Politics of ProsperityHarding’s Failed PresidencyTeapot
Dome Scandal
The Three-Candidate Presidential Election of 1924Coolidge
won
*
The Politics of BusinessCoolidge believed free market would

37. sustain economic prosperity for all
The 1928 Campaign and the Election of HooverBelieved
government should help those in needNot solve their problems
The Politics of Prosperity
*
The Diplomacy of Prosperity
America and EuropeUS became world’s leading creditor
Encouraging International CooperationWashington Conference
on Naval DisarmamentKellogg-Briand Pact (1929)
*