1) A ) What critical adaptations arise in lineages of seedless vascu.pdf

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1) A ) What critical adaptations arise in lineages of seedless vascular plants that promote increased size? B) Why do the gametophytes of seedless vascular plants stay small and close to the ground, while the sporophytes get larger and taller? Solution a) The vascular plants or tracheohphytes are the dominant and most conspicuous group pf land plants. More than 260,000 species or tracheophytes represent more than 90% os earth\'s vegetation. Byrophytes may have beebln successful at the transition from an aquatic habitat to land but they are still dependent on water for reproduction and absorb moisture and nutrients through the game to gametophyte surface. The lack of roots for absorbing water and minerals from the soil as well as lack of reinforced conducting cells limits the bryophytes to small sizes. Although they may survive in dry conditions they cannot reproduce and expand their habitat range in the absence of water. b) In seedless vascular plants the diploid sporophyte is the dominant phase of the life cycle. The gametophytes is now an inconspicuous but still independent organism. Throughout the plant evolution there is an evident reversal of roles in the dominant phase of life cycle. Seedless vascular plants still depend on water during fertilisation as the spermicide must swim on a layer of moisture to reach the egg. This step in reproduction explains why ferns and their relatives are more abundant in damp environments. By the late Devon Ian period plants had evolved vascular tissue, a well defined leaves and root systems. With these advantages plants increased in height and size..

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5. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the seedless vascular plants? (Circle the correct answer) a. The dominant generation is the diploid sporophyte. b. Vascular tissue provides support, allowing them to grow taller than nonvascular plants. c. Gametes are not flagellated, and thus water is no longer needed for fertilization. d. Two of the above are true. e. All of the above are true. 6. What term do biologists use to indicate a state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying? 7. Indicate whether each of the following is nonvascular or vascular. Lycophytes A. Nonvascular Ferns B. Vascular Hornworts Horsetails Liverworts Mosses 8. Match each plant group with the descriptions that follow. Answer choices may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. Lycophytes C. Horsetails B. Ferns D. Mosses Few herbivores feed on this plant because its stems are impregnated with silica. The spores of ancestral members of this group gave rise to a type of fossil fuel. Have true leaves, stems \& roots. Have microphyll leaves. Have megaphyll leaves. Gametophytes are the dominant generation. Sporophytes are the dominant generation. Sporophyte is nutritionally dependent on gametophyte. Gametophyte and sporophyte are independent of each other. .

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We can see in course of evolution of plant there was a transition from aquatic to terrestrial life has taken place.They have adapted lots of features to servive on land. 1.Thay became so large comparative ao aquatic plants.This feature evolve to colonise the land. 2.They have developed well organised vascular system allowing plant to absorb water from soil. 3 .They have evolved strong roots to adhere by the substratum.They can go few meters inside the soil. Solution We can see in course of evolution of plant there was a transition from aquatic to terrestrial life has taken place.They have adapted lots of features to servive on land. 1.Thay became so large comparative ao aquatic plants.This feature evolve to colonise the land. 2.They have developed well organised vascular system allowing plant to absorb water from soil. 3 .They have evolved strong roots to adhere by the substratum.They can go few meters inside the soil..

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20 308 Check Four Understanding 2.1 mrane of moois in can one fnd hornworts? Once you have completed this chapter, go to to flout a handy dhart you can use for studying g Biology in Labora the Solution Answer 1: Rhizoids are hair-like projections that grow out of the epidermal cells of bryophytes. Bryophyte refers to plants that includes mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They are nonvascular vegetation, or flowers that do not have complex tissues for transporting water and nutrients. Rhizoids are comparable to hairs found on vascular plants. Rhizoids are formed from single cells, in contrast to roots, which are multicellular organs. Rhizoids enabled them to directly soak up the water they wanted from their surroundings. Answer 2: The flattened, green plant body of a hornwort is the gametophyte plant. Hornworts may be found worldwide, although they generally tend to grow in places which are damp or humid. Some species develop in massive numbers as tiny weeds in the soil of gardens and cultivated fields..

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Blossom Corporation had 120,000 common shares outstanding on December 31, 2016. During 2017, the company issued 14,500 shares on March 1, retired 4,100 shares on July 1, issued a 20% stock dividend on October 1, and issued 21,600 shares on December 1. For 2017, the company reported net income of $480,000 after a loss from discontinued operations of $68,800 (net of tax). The company issued a 2-for-1 stock split on February 1, 2018, and the company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, were issued on February 28, 2018. Calculate earnings per share for 2017 as it should be reported to shareholders. Solution Share Outstanding As of December 31,2016 120000 Share Issued as of March 1, 2017 14500 Total Share Oustanding as of March 1, 2017 134500 Retired Shares as of July 1, 2017 4100 Total Share Oustanding as of July 1, 2017 130400 20% Stock Dividend ( 130400*20%) as of Oct 1, 2017 26080 Total Share Oustanding as of Oct 1, 2017 156480 Shared Issued as of December 1 21600 Total Share Outstanding as of December 1 178080 Net Income Reported 480000 Earning Per Share ( Net Income Reported/Total Share Outstanding as of Dec 1 ) 480000/178080 EPS= 2.70.

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When acting as a neurotransmitter NO binds to the iron atom in various heme containing proteins. Is the N or the O atom more likely to be directly attached to the Fe? Explain. Solution Most iron enzymes engage iron either as heme or as a special arrangement of iron with sulphur groups referred to as iron–sulfur centers (FeS) .Iron in heme bears a striking resemblance to magnesium ion in chlorophyll. Heme basically is a porphyrin ring system with iron positioned in the center, is the most common form of iron in biological proteins. In cytochrome c, a common heme protein in the mitochondria, the axial ligands to the iron are occupied by histidine and methionine from the protein. Heme enzymes include calalase and peroxidase. As components of iron–sulphur centers, iron enters into multiple cluster arrangements with cysteine residues on enzymes that offer a more direct contact with the protein. These centers differ in their complexity from the simple 2Fe–2S to the more elaborate 4Fe–4S . Iron in these centers binds substrates as well as transfer electrons and takes part in reactions involving dehydrations and rearrangements. Enzymes with iron–sulphur centers include xanthine oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, aconitase, and nitrogenase As a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter, NO is released from the synthesis place diffuses through the plasma membranes due to its concentration gradients. NO can directly interact with the cysteinyl side chains of peptides and proteins, iron- containing heme groups, superoxide anion and oxygen. Since the life-span of NO‚ is Only few seconds it is easily inactivated. It has been suggested that some intermediate compounds, for example S-nitrosothiols may act as a carrier system to stabilize, target and to preserve its biological activity. S-nitrosothiols are readily formed from glutathione and NO. Since neurons and glial cells contain GSH at high concentrations, there is a good chance for the reaction to occur. There is indeed evidence that GSNO is synthetized in the CNS. S-nitrosothiols have a wide range of effects: e. g., antimicrobial effect, inhibition of platelet aggregation, bronchodilation and vasodilation..

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