A small presentation about World space week Have a look! Enjoy it!!

1. WORLD SPACE
WEEK
OCTOBER 4-10
BY:SAARA NAJEEM
CLASS: 9A

2. WORLD SPACE WEEK
 WORLD SPACE WEEK IS AN INTERNATIONAL CELEBRATION OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY, AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE BETTERMENT OF THE HUMAN
CONDITION.
 THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY DECLARED IN 1999 THAT WORLD
SPACE WEEK WILL BE HELD EACH YEAR FROM OCTOBER 4-10.
 THESE DATES OBSERVE TWO EVENTS:
 OCTOBER 4, 1957: LAUNCH OF THE FIRST HUMAN-MADE EARTH SATELLITE,
SPUTNIK 1, THUS OPENING THE WAY FOR SPACE EXPLORATION.
 OCTOBER 10, 1967: THE SIGNING OF THE TREATY ON PRINCIPLES GOVERNING
THE ACTIVITES OF STATES IN THE EXPLORATION AND PEACEFUL USES OF
OUTER SPACE, INCLUDING THE MOON AND OTHER CELESTIAL BODIES.

3. UNIVERSE
THE UNIVERSE IS ABOUT 13.7 BILLION YEARS OLD .THE UNIVERSE IS EVERYTHING WE CAN
SEE AND A LOT THAT WE CAN’T SEE .IT WAS CREATED IN A EXPLOSION OF SPACE ITSELF
CALLED
BIG BANG EXPLOSION. CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE
 AT THE START ,THE UNIVERSE WAS A HOT AND DENSE BALL OF RADIATION ENERGY.
 IN ONE -THOUSANDTH OF A SECOND ,TINY RADIATION PARTICLES PRODUCED TINY PARTICLES OF
MATTER.THESE COMBINED TO FORM THE FIRST EVER CHEMICAL ELEMENTS,HYDROGEN AND
HELIUM.
 SOME REGIONS OF THE YOUNG UNIVERSE CONTAINED SLIGHTLY MORE HYDROGEN AND HELIUM
THAN OTHERS.THESE SHRANK TO FORM THE FIRST STARS.
 NUCLEAR REACTIONS INSIDE THE STARS PRODUCED MANY OTHER CHEMICAL ELEMENTS
INCLUDING CARBON AND OXYGEN.
 THESE ELEMENTS IN THE UNIVERSE TODAY WERE PRODUCED FROM ELEMENTS CREATED IN THE

4. GALAXIES
 GALAXIES ARE HUGE STAR SYSTEMS,MADE OF STARS AND LARGE AMOUNTS OF GAS AND
DUST.
 THEY COME IN A RANGE OF SIZES AND SHAPES CONSISTING OF MILLIONS,BILLIONS OR
EVEN TRILLIONS OF STARS.
 SOME KNOWN AS ACTIVE GALAXIES,HAVE UNEXPECTED AMOUNTS OF ENERGY THAT COME
FROM STAR MATERIAL FALLING INTO A BLACK HOLE.
 OTHER GALAXIES ARE TRANSFORMED BY GALACTIC COLLISIONS.

5. GALAXY GALLERY
SOMBREO
GALAXY
BLACK EYE
GALAXY
CIGAR
GALAXY
CART WHEEL
GALAXY
ELLIPTICAL
GALAXY
SPIRAL
GALAXY

6. STARS
A STAR IS AN ASTRONOMICAL OBJECT CONSISTING OF A LUMINOUS
SPHEROID OF PLASMA HELD TOGETHER BY ITS OWN GRAVITY.
CLOSEST STARS TO THE
SUN
NIGHT-TIME STARS
PROXIMA
CENTAURI
ALPHA
CENTAURI
BARNARD’S
STAR
SIRIUS
CANOPUS
VEGA

7. CONSTELLATION
S
A GROUP OF STARS FORMING A RECOGNIZABLE PATTERN THAT IS TRADITIONALLY
NAMED AFTER ITS APPARENT FORM OR IDENTIFIED WITH A MYTHOLOGICAL
FIGURE.THERE ARE 88 CONSTELLATIONS IN THE NIGHT SKY. EACH ONE IS A
STRAIGHT –EDGED AREA OF SKY THAT INCLUDES A PATTERN FROM A BRIGHT STAR.
THE BIGGEST CONSTELLATION IS HYDRA,A WATER
SNAKE THAT MEANDERS ITS WAY ACROSS 3.16
PERCENT OF THE WHOLE SKY.
THE SMALLEST CONSTELLATION IS CRUX,THE SOUTHERN
CROSS WHICH IS ALSO THE BRIGHTEST CONSTELLATION.

8. MOON
THE MOON IS A LARGE BALL OF ROCK THAT DOESN’T CHANGE SHAPES. IT IS THE NATURAL
SATELLITE OF THE EARTH. IT IS ALSO THE LARGEST NATURAL SATELLITE IN THE SOLAR
SYSTEM RELATIVE TO THE SIZE OF ITS PLANET, IT IS THE FIFTH LARGEST SATELLITE IN THE
SOLAR SYSTEM.
CREATION OF MOON
 MOST ASTRONOMERS THINK THAT THE MOON WAS FORMED OUT OF EARTH ABOUT 4.5 BILLION YEARS
AGO.IT IS KNOWN AS THE GIANT –IMPACT HYPOTHESIS.
 A MARS SIZED ASTEROID COLLIDED INTO EARTH AT A SPEED OF 20km/s.
 SMASHED ASTEROID PIECES AND MATERIAL GOUGED OUT OF EARTH’S ROCKY MANTLE FORM A RING
AROUND EARTH.
 OVER SEVERAL MILLION YEARS,THE PIECES OF ORBITING MATERIAL BUMPED INTO EACH OTHER AND
JOINED TOGETHER.
 THEY FORMED A LARGE BODY –THE MOON.ABOUT A QUARTER THE SIZE OF EARTH.

9. SATELLITES
A SATELLITE IS A MOON, PLANET OR MACHINE THAT ORBITS A PLANET OR STAR. SATELLITES
PROVIDE IN-FLIGHT PHONE COMMUNICATIONS ON AIRPLANES, AND ARE OFTEN THE MAIN
CONDUCT OF VOICE COMMUNICATION FOR RURAL AREAS AND AREAS WHERE PHONE LINES
ARE DAMAGED AFTER A DISASTER.
THERE ARE TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF SATELLITES
NATURAL SATELLITES
MAN-MADE SATELLITES
 INSAT
 IRS
 KALPANA-1
 EDUSAT

10. EACH YEAR, THE WORLD SPACE WEEK ASSOCIATION (WSWA) SELECTS A THEME FOR THE
UPCOMING WORLD SPACE WEEK (WSW) TO PROVIDE FOCUS ON THE ACTIVITIES AND
EVENTS THAT TAKE PLACE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.
THE WORLD SPACE WEEK 2021 THEME IS
“WOMEN IN SPACE”
THEME OF WSW 2021

11. ASTRONOMERS
MAY C. JEMISON WAS THE FIRST AFRICAN-AMERICAN
WOMAN IN SPACE .SHE IS AN AMERICAN
ENGINEER,PHYSICIAN AND FORMER NASA ASTRONAUT.
JUDITH RESNIK WAS THE ONE WHO PERISHED IN THE
CHALLENGER DISASTER.RESNIK WAS THE SECOND AMERICAN
WOMAN IN SPACE AND THE FOURTH WOMAN IN SPACE
WORLDWIDE, LOGGING 145 HOURS IN ORBIT. SHE WAS THE
FIRST JEWISH WOMAN OF ANY NATIONALITY IN SPACE.

12. HELEN SHARMAN WAS THE FIRST BRITISH CITIZEN TO FLY IN
SPACE. SHE IS A CHEMIST AND COSMONAUT WHO BECAME THE
FIRST BRITISH PERSON, FIRST WESTERN EUROPEAN WOMAN AND
FIRST PRIVATELY FUNDED WOMAN IN SPACE, AS WELL AS THE
FIRST WOMAN TO VISIT THE MIR SPACE STATION, IN MAY 1991.
CAPTAIN SAMANTHA CRISTOFORETTI, IS AN ITALIAN EUROPEAN SPACE
AGENCY ASTRONAUT. SHE HOLDS THE RECORD FOR THE LONGEST
UNINTERRUPTED SPACEFLIGHT BY A EUROPEAN ASTRONAUT (199 DAYS, 16
HOURS), AND UNTIL JUNE 2017 HELD THE RECORD FOR THE LONGEST
SINGLE SPACE FLIGHT BY A WOMAN UNTIL THIS WAS BROKEN BY PEGGY
WHITSON AND LATER BY CHRISTINA KOCH. SHE IS ALSO THE FIRST ITALIAN
WOMAN IN SPACE.

13. NASA ASTRONAUT CHRISTINA KOCH SPENT 328 CONSECUTIVE DAYS IN
MICROGRAVITY IN 2019 AND 2020 ,SETTING THE RECORD FOR THE
LONGEST DURATION IN SPACE FOR A WOMAN DURING A SINGLE
MISSION.DURING THIS TIME,SHE WORKED ON HUNDREDS OF
EXPERIMENT ,INCLUDING STUDIES OF PROTEIN CRYSTALS AND PLANTS
IN SPCAE.
COSMONAUT ELENA SEROVA ,THE FIRST RUSSIAN WOMAN TO VISIT THE
SPACE STATION ON A FLIGHT FROM SEPTEMBER 2014 TO MARCH
2015,SHE WORKED WITH THE BIOSCIENCE EXPERIMENT ASEPTIC IN THE
RUSSIAN GLOVEBOX.THE INVESTIGATION ASSESSED THE RELIABILITY
AND EFICIENCEY OF METHODS AND EQUIPMENT FOR ASSURING
ASEPTIC OR STERILE CONDITIONS FOR BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS
PEROFRMED ON THE SPACE STATION.

14. VALENTINA
TERESHKOVA
 VALENTINA TERESHKOVA IS THE FIRST AND YOUNGEST WOMAN
TO HAVE FLOWN IN SPACE WITH A SOLO MISSION ON THE
VOSTOK 6 ON 16 JUNE 1963. SHE ORBITED THE EARTH AN
ASTOUNDING 48 TIMES IN LESS THAN 3 DAYS.
 SHE BEAT OVER 400 APPLICANTS TO PILOT THE VOSTOK 6 SPACE
CRAFT ON A SOLO MISSION.
 VALENTINA TERESHKOVA IS A MEMBER OF THE RUSSIAN STATE
DUMA,ENGINEER AND FORMER COSMONAUT.
 UPON THE COMPLETION OF HER MISSION,TERESHKOVA WAS
HONORED WITH THE TITLE “HERO OF THE SOVIET UNION”.
 SHE NEVER FLEW AGAIN, BUT SHE BECAME A SPOKESPERSON
FOR THE SOVIET UNION.

15. Sally Ride
 SALLY RIDE BECAME THE FIRST AMERICAN WOMAN TO GO INTO THE
SPACE. SHE ALSO BECAME THE FIRST AMERICAN WOMAN TO TRAVEL
SPACE TWICE.
 SHE MADE TWO SHUTTLE FLIGHTS AND LATER BECAME A CHAMPION
FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION AND A ROLE MODEL FOR GENERATIONS.
 AT THE AGE OF 32 RIDE EXPERIENCED HER FIRST SPACEFLIGHTS AS A
MISSION SPECIALIST ON STS-7,NASA’S 7TH SHUTTLE CHALLENGER.THE
MISSION LAUNCHED ON JUNE 18 1983 AND RETURNED TO EARTH ON
JUNE 24.
 TASKS ON THE MISSION INCLUDING LAUNCHING COMMUNICATIONS
SATTELITES FOR CANADA AND INDONESIA.
 A SECOND TIME WHEN SHE LAUNCHED ON ANOTHER CHALLENGER
MISSION,STS-41G,ON OCT 5 1984, THE MISSION LASTED FOR NINE DAYS.

16. KALPANA
CHAWLA
 KALPANA CHAWLA WAS AN AMERICAN ASTRONAUT AND
ENGINEER WHO WAS THE FIRST WOMAN OF INDIAN ORGIN
TO GO TO SPACE.
 KALPANA WAS HOUNERED WITH CONGRESSIONAL SPACE
MEDAL OF HONOR IN 2004 AND NASA DISTINGUISHED
SERVICE MEDAL IN 2003.
 ON HER FIRST MISSION CHAWLA TRAVELLED OVER 10.4
MILLION MILES IN 252 ORBITS OF THE EARTH,LOGGING MORE
THAN 372 HOURS( 15 DAYS AND 12 HOURS IN SPACE)
 IN 1993 , SHE JOINED OVERSET METHODS INC.,CALIFORNIA
AS VICE PRESIDENT AND RESEARCH SCIENTIST.
 IN MARCH 1995,KALPANA CHAWLA JOINED THE NASA
ASTRONAUT CORPS.

17. ASTRONOMERS
AN ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF WOMEN MADE HUGE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DEVELOPMENT
OF HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT.WITHOUT THEM THE HUMANITY WOULD NEVER HAVE REACHED
THE SPACE AT ALL.
ANTONIA MAURY WAS AN AMERICAN ASTRONOMER WHO WAS THE FIRST
TO DETECT AND CALCULATE THE ORBIT OF A SPECTROSCOPIC BINARY.
SHE PUBLISHED AN IMPORTANT EARLY CATALOG OF STELLAR SPECTRA
USING HER OWN SYSTEM OF STELLAR CLASSIFICATION, WHICH WAS
LATER ADOPTED BY THE INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION.
CREOLA KATHERINE JOHNSON WAS AN AMERICAN MATHEMATICIAN
WHOSE CALCULATIONS OF ORBITAL MECHANICS AS A NASA
EMPLOYEE WERE CRITICAL TO THE SUCCESS OF THE FIRST AND
SUBSEQUENT U.S. CREWED SPACEFLIGHTS.

18. HENRIETTA SWAN LEAVITT WAS AN AMERICAN ASTRONOMER. A GRADUATE
OF RADCLIFFE COLLEGE, SHE WORKED AT THE HARVARD COLLEGE
OBSERVATORY AS A "COMPUTER", TASKED WITH EXAMINING
PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES IN ORDER TO MEASURE AND CATALOG THE
BRIGHTNESS OF STARS.
MARGARET HAMILTON IS AN AMERICAN COMPUTER SCIENTIST, SYSTEMS
ENGINEER, AND BUSINESS OWNER. SHE WAS THE DIRECTOR OF THE
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING DIVISION OF THE MIT INSTRUMENTATION
LABORATORY, WHICH DEVELOPED ON-BOARD FLIGHT SOFTWARE FOR
NASA'S APOLLO PROGRAM.

19. QUIZ
1.NAME THE FIRST HUMAN –MADE EARTH SATTELITE?
2.NAME THE EXPLOSION IN WHICH THE UNIVERSE WAS CREATED?
3.NAME THE COLLISION IN WHICH OTHER GALAXIES ARE TRANSFORMED?
4.WHICH IS THE BIGGEST CONSTELLATION?
5.WHICH IS THE SMALLEST AND BRIGHTEST CONSTELLATION?
6. WHAT IS THEME OF WSW 2021?
7. WHO IS THE FIRST WOMAN IN SPACE?
8. WHO IS FIRST AMERICAN WOMAN IN SPACE?
9. WHO IS FIRST INDIAN WOMAN IN SPACE?
10. THE STARS ARE MADE UP OF?

20. THANKYOU