NASA - a short history, current projects, industry privatization and future projects. Discussion question: Is where the industry going a good direction? Would it have been more worthwhile to keep the focus on scientific endeavors versus the commercial direction we are currently headed?

1. THE FUTURE OF NASA AND
OTHER SPACE PROGRAMS:
WHAT’S NEXT?
By Allaire, Marissa, Maggie, and Kristie

2. “WELL, SPACE IS THERE,
AND WE’RE GOING TO
CLIMB IT.”
A History of
the National
Aeronautics
and Space
Administration

3. HUMBLE BEGINNINGS: THE NACA
 In 1915, National Advisory
Committee for Aeronautics
founded by President
Woodrow Wilson.
 Federally -funded agency for
“emergency measures”
during WWI
 Improvement of flight
safety
 Question if flight into space
was even possible.

4. A RACE TO SPACE: THE USSR
CHALLENGES THE US
 October 4, 1957, Sputnik launched
 November 3, 1957, launched second unmanned satellite into
orbit with Laika.
 Sputnik II proved that a living creature could sustain life while
in space
 New Era of Space flight

5. A TIN CUP AND A SPACE PUP: SPUTNIK I
& LAIKA

6. A RACE TO SPACE, CONTINUED: THE US
PLAYS BALL WITH THE SOVIETS
Explorer I
US Navy’s Vanguard

7. “FOR THE BENEFIT OF ALL MANKIND:”
THE BIRTH OF NASA
 NACA deemed too-small
 Manned flights!
 July 26, 1958, the National Aeronautics and Space Act , would
fund all of the United States’ future space endeavors.
 Congress and public balked at claiming of space

8. “FOR THE BENEFIT OF ALL MANKIND:”
THE BIRTH OF NASA
 NASA - federally-funded
civilian agency.
 NASA
 100 million-dollar annual
budget
 three major laboratories
 Open letter written
entitled “Introduction to
Outer Space,” gave the
fledgling agency its
motto…

9. “These opportunities
reinforce my conviction that
we and other nations have
a great responsibility to
promote the peaceful use
of space and to utilize the
new knowledge obtainable
from space science and
technology for the benefit
of all mankind.”
MARCH 26,
1958
E x c e rp t f r o m
“ I n t r o d uc t i o n to
O u te r S p a c e , ”
by President
E i s e n h owe r.

10. FLY ME TO THE MOON: THE MERCURY,
GEMINI, & APOLLO PROJECTS
 President John F. Kennedy sworn into office on
January 20, 1961
 progress in space over the Soviet Union
 a (potential) victory of democracy over communism

11. “First, I believe that this
nation should commit itself
to achieving the goal,
before this decade is out, of
landing a man on the
moon…But in a very real
sense, it will not be one
man going to the moon…it
will be an entire nation. For
all of us must work to put
him there.”
MAY 25,
1961
E x c e rp t f r o m
JFK’s joint
a d d r e s s to
Congress,
asking for
a d d i t io n a l
funds for NASA .

12. PROJECT MERCURY (1961-1963)

13. THE MERCURY FLIGHTS
Alan B. Shepard, Jr.,
 first American to fly
into space, return.

14. THE MERCURY FLIGHTS
February 20, 1962:
John H. Glenn Jr.

15. PROJECT GEMINI (1965-1966)
Project Gemini
encompassed a
series of ten
missions over a year
two astronauts into
space, and creating
a capsule large
enough for such a
mission.

16. GEMINI 4
On June 3, 1965,
astronaut Edward H.
White, Jr.
 completed the first
spacewalk.

17. PROJECT APOLLO (1968-1972)
 NASA’s mission to reach
the moon by the end of
the decade nearly
stopped when the
program suffered its first
major tragedy.
 On January 27, 1967,
astronauts Virgil Grissom,
Roger B. Chaffee, and
Edward H. White, Jr., were
killed when a fire
engulfed one of the first
capsules during Apollo I.

18. APOLLO I CASUALTIES

19. “ONE GIANT LEAP FOR MANKIND:”
APOLLO 11
Apollo missions
realize Kennedy’s
dream of sending a
man safely to the
moon and back
before the end of
the decade.
Neil Armstrong
Buzz Aldrin
Michael Collins

20. “HOUSTON, WE HAVE A PROBLEM:”
APOLLO 13
Another group to go
to the moon
compromise in the
oxygen tank

21. FAILURE TO LAUNCH: THE COLUMBIA AND
CHALLENGER TRAGEDIES
Tragically, the capsule fire that killed three men
during the Apollo I mission, and the close call
with Apollo 13, would not be the only tragedies
to plague NASA. In the 1980s and early 2000s,
two more missions would go awry, taking the
lives of fourteen US astronauts and one civilian.

22. JANUARY 28, 1986: THE SPACE SHUTTLE
CHALLENGER DISASTER
 By the 1980s, NASA
developed a new
space craft; the space
shuttle.
 Death of seven person
crew
 Including school teacher,
Christa McAuliffe.

23. FEBRUARY 3, 2003: THE SPACE SHUTTLE
COLUMBIA DISASTER
Reentry tragedy
Foam insulation

24. DEALING WITH THE AFTERMATH OF
CHALLENGER & COLUMBIA
The Challenger and Columbia space shuttle disasters did much
to damage the American public’s perception of NASA. In the
decades following the initial moon landing of Apollo 11, many
Americans began to question whether manned flights into space
were worth the risk of losing anymore life.
~
Indeed, NASA’s early years were fuelled by social and political
ambitions to extend American democracy beyond earthly
borders, especially during the height of the Cold War. But after
the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989, much of the old “race to
space” urgency has been lost – which has lead to a loss of
funding for the program that is, in President Eisenhower’s
words, meant “for the benefit of all mankind.”

25. NASA DISCUSSION
QUESTIONS
What do
you think
about the
future of
NASA?

26. NASA BUDGET CUTS: PUTTING THE FUTURE OF
SPACE EXPLORATION ON THE LINE?
 According to The Lamron, NASA, despite its continual
progress, such as revealing more information about our
galaxy’s origins and age via the Hubble Space Telescope – is in
danger of major budget cuts that could potentially slow or
halt such progress altogether.
 With Obama’s budget proposed for 2014 cutting NASA’s
funding by $300 million, do you think NASA is being unfairly
targeted for budget cuts? What other programs could be cut
instead?

27. WHAT HAS
BEEN
ALREADY
CUT?
Cassini mission

28. WHAT HAS BEEN ALREADY CUT?

29. NASA’S CURRENT ENDEAVORS
 Commercial Crew and Cargo Program Of fice (C 3PO)
 C3PO creates privately owned and operated space
transportation systems and NASA acts as a lead investor and
customer.
 SpaceX and Orbital

30. SPACEX: DRAGON
 Free flying, reusable spacecraft
 Designed to deliver both cargo and people into space
 In 2012, DRAGON became the first commercial spacecraft in
history to deliver cargo to the International Space Station and
safely deliver cargo to Earth

31. SPACE INVENTIONS BEING USED
ELSEWHERE
 “Space exploration and the benefits it yields – in medicine
and information technology - should not be overlooked” –Ben
Barr




Cat scans
More functional artificial limbs
Insulin pumps
Ventricular Assist Device (VADs)

32. INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
 The ISS is an orbiting laboratory as well as space port that is
a collaborative ef fort between 16 nations
 Benefits of the ISS for civilians





Neurosurgical medical technology
Water purification technology
Agricultural monitoring
Student amateur radio interaction
Remote telemedicine

33. MARS EXPLORATION: CURIOSIT Y ROVER
 Curiosity Rover
 Major Objective: “Find evidence of a past environment well
suited to supporting microbial life” ( NASA.gov)
 Mission succeeded

34. MARS EXPLORATION: MAVEN ORBITER
 The MAVEN Orbiter was “sent to study the Red Planet’s upper
atmosphere over the course of at least one Earth year” (NBC
News)
 MAVEN: Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution
 Launched Monday, 11/18/2013

35. LADEE: LUNAR ATMOSPHERE AND DUST
ENVIRONMENT EXPLORER
 “LADEE is a robotic mission that will orbit the moon to gather
detailed information about the structure and composition of
the thin lunar atmosphere, and determine whether dust is
being lofted into the lunar sky.”

36. HOW IS SPACE FLIGHT
CHANGING AFTER
FUNDING SHIFT?
What
now????

37. FAA/AST Potential Regulatory Path
-- Today Public Safety, Eventually Occupant Safety
Mission
Assurance
Occupant
Safety
Occupant
Safety
Public
Safety
Public
Safety
Public
Safety
Current
FAA
Licensing
Licensing
Human
Spaceflight
FAA
Certification
Routine
Commercial
Space Travel
Certificates
Production
Airworthiness
Air Carrier
Pilot
Instruction
Mechanic
Dispatch
Parts
Time

38. RLVS
Reusable Launch Vehicles
European Union “End-of-Life Vehicles
Directive”
USEPA - “Recycling
and Reuse: End-ofLife Vehicles and
Producer
Responsibility”
Currently: Space shuttle

39. SPACEPORTS
Spaceports or
cosmodromes
 are sites for launching
and/or receiving
spacecraft.
New common term
for sub-orbital
launch spaces

40. Spaceport America,
New Mexico.

42. SPACEPORT LAUNCH-ASSIST MACHINES
MagLifter

43. SPACEPORT LAUNCH-ASSIST MACHINES
StarTram

44. SUB-ORBITAL SPACE
FLIGHT
What is suborbital space
flight?
What are it’s
uses?
What are the
prices?

45. XCOR AND SXC’S – LYNX (LMI/II)

46. BLUE ORIGIN’S – NEW SHEPARD

47. VIRGIN GALACTIC –
“VSS ENTERPRISE”

48. VIRGIN GALACTIC – SS2
OR “VSS ENTERPRISE”

51. WORLD NEW ENTERPRISES
Balloon Trip into
Atmosphere
 At 98,425 ft or ~20
mi)
Cheaper option??
 Only 75,000 in 8
seater capsule
Release
2016

52. MEANWHILE IN RUSSIA…..
Dauria Aerospace in conjunction with
Samsung and Roscosmos

53. HDU-DSH
Habitat Demonstration Unit- Deep Space Habitat
“Even in
space,
there’s no
place like
home.”

54. NASA DISCUSSION
QUESTIONS
What do
you think
about the
future of
NASA? Pt.2

55. NASA BUDGET CUTS: PUTTING THE FUTURE OF
SPACE EXPLORATION ON THE LINE?
Now that we’ve seen where we’re heading
with less government assistance, is it
worthwhile?
Was this a good or bad thing that
privatization of the industry happened?

56. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Maggie
 Dunbar, Brian. NASA. NASA, 10 Apr. 2008. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.
 Dunbar, Brian. NASA. NASA, 14 Apr. 2008. Web. 26 Nov. 2013.
 "Excerpt from an Address Before a Joint Session of Congress,
25 May 1961 ." - John F. Kennedy Presidential Librar y &
Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2013.
 "JFK RICE MOON SPEECH." JFK RICE MOON SPEECH. N.p., n.d.
Web. 24 Nov. 2013.

57. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Allaire
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http://exploration.grc.nasa.gov/education/rocket/gallery/history/vanguard.jpg
http://www.wired.com/images/index/2008/01/explorer1_500px.jpg
http://www.epa.gov/oswer/international/factsheets/ 200811_elv_directive.htm
http://main.abqjournal.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/a01_jd_27oct_spaceport.jpg
http://www.abqjournal.com/ 289536/news/more-states-joining-nm-in-space-industry-quest.html
http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/nexgen/Nexgen_Downloads/Spaceport_Visioning_Final_Report.p
df
http://xcor.com/lynx/
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article -2467356/London-Sydney-TWO-hours-Virgin-Galacticspace-flight-technology-used-build-new-generation-super-jets-replace-Concorde.html
http://www.breakingtravelnews.com/news/article/space -expedition-corporation-breaks-finalfrontier/
http://images.gizmag.com/hero/spaceport -america-opens.jpg
http://www.spacexc.com/en/bookings /
http://www.zerogcolony.com /
http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/468441main_HDU_FactSheet_ 508.pdf
http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/technology/deep_space_habitat /
http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/ 638869main_habitat_xhabloft_2011-web_946-710.jpg
http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/24/travel/space-balloon-30km/
http://www.theinternational.org/articles/475-commercialization-law-and-governance-in
http://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/ 2013/10/21/private-space-co-dauria-aerospace-will-usesmartphone-tech-to-launch-russian-satellites/
http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/ 1113002237/nasa-will-rely-more-on-private-companies-in-thefuture-111313/
FAA/AST and USEU Contacts
FAA/AST powerpoint from a press conference July 2013

58. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Marissa
• http://news.ca.msn.com/top -stories/nasa-launches-mavenorbiter-to-probe-mysteries-in-mars-air
• http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/images/index.html#.UpT
kKSij4Ww
• http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/fact_sheets/mars -sciencelaboratory.pdf
• http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the switch/wp/2013/09/04/nasa-launch-could-be-the-first-steptowards-an-interplanetary-internet/
• http://www.nasa.gov/offices/c3po/home/c3po_goal_objectives
.html
• http://www.spacex.com/dragon
• http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/bene
fits_video/#.UpTnLCij4Ww
• http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/maven/main/#.UpTntyij4Ww
• http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/ladee/main/