Writing a Conclusion

Writing Conclusion
a guide to structured essay writing

The structure of an essay
• Introduction
• Body (paragraphs)
• Conclusion

The structure of an essay
• Introduction- tell us what you are going to tell us
• Body (paragraphs)- tell us
• Conclusion- tell us what you have told us

Conclusion Structure
1. A sentence that brings discussion back to your essay topic
2. A summary sentence for each paragraph (3 paragraphs = 3
sentences)
3. A sentence that connects all paragraphs back to the main
essay topic.
4. A statement of action, reflection or recommendation

Conclusion Warnings
1. Don’t add any new information in your conclusion
2. It’s really easy to repeat yourself, so try to mix up your
language- think of different ways you can talk about your
topic
3. You don’t need to catch everything, you want a flowing and
concise picture- don’t get bogged down in detail

1. A sentence that brings discussion back
to your essay topic
My essay topic is: Cats should be banned

to your essay topic
Example 1: As we have discussed, cats should be banned.

to your essay topic
Example 2: Our examination has illustrated the importance of
banning cats in Australia.

to your essay topic
Example 3: The banning of cats is clearly the only effective action
that can be implemented to prevent the outlined issues.

to your essay topic
YOUR TURN!
Your essay topic is: Chewing Gum should be banned
Write an opening sentence relevant to this topic/issue

to your essay topic
YOUR TURN!
Examples:
- As we have discussed, chewing gum should be banned.
- As a result of the negative effects outlined, chewing gum should
be banned.
- Banning chewing gum is the most effective means of preventing
countless harm to the environment.

2. A summary sentence for each paragraph (3
paragraphs = 3 sentences)
My paragraph topics are:

My paragraph topics are: (1) Environmental Impact, (2) human
impact, (3) accountability.

Example- We have shown how their innate predatory behaviour
has seen a significant decrease in local bird species and wildlife.

Example- We have shown how their innate predatory
behaviour has seen a significant decrease in local bird species
and wildlife.

YOUR TURN!
Your paragraph topics are: Human impact, Environmental
impact, Health
Write a sentence that explains what one of the paragraphs
has covered

YOUR TURN!
Your paragraph topics are: Human impact, Environmental
impact, Health
Example: We have illustrated how the nuisance of sticking under
tables and shows, and distracting others in confined spaces have
a negative impact on humans.

3. A sentence that connects all paragraphs
back to the main essay topic.

Example: All of these negative impacts can be easily reduced if
we agree to ban cats in Australia.

YOUR TURN!
Write a sentence that brings together multiple points and
connects them to the main essay topic.

YOUR TURN!
Example: In order to prevent these negative outcomes, chewing
gum needs to be removed from the Australian retail market.

4. A statement of action, reflection or
recommendation
(Using cause and effect can be an effective strategy- inclusivity is
also really effective)

4. A statement of action, reflection or
recommendation
(Using cause and effect can be an effective strategy- inclusivity is
also really effective)
Example 1: If we want to live in a sustainable natural
environment, then action needs to be taken to remove these
animals from our community

3. Preview of what each paragraph will be
about
YOUR TURN!
Write a closing sentence about chewing gum that
recommends what the reader should do now

Introduction Examples
• Example 1
As we have discussed, cats should be banned. We have shown how their innate
predatory behaviour has seen a significant decrease in local bird species and
wildlife. We have also exposed the negative impact on human life, through their
tendency to vandalise and destroy property, and wake up residents. The lack of
accountability measures available to manage this problem mean that cats are
difficult to identify, and owners received little consequence for the damage caused
by their pet. All of these issues could be easily prevented were Australia to ban cats
from being kept as domestic animals. If we want to see our environment and
quality of life improve, then we should be petitioning to see cats removed from
local neighbourhoods.

Exemplars
• Exemplar 1
As we have examined, polystyrene products should be banned in Australia. We
have demonstrated how these products have had a negative impact on the
environment, causing damage to natural ecosystems. We have also demonstrated
the impact caused by the fact that these products don’t break down, showing that
if the amount of waste continues, then the problem will become bigger and more
difficult to manage. All of this stems from our single-use culture, where we are
quick to embrace products that are not reusable, which only leads to more waste. In
order to reduce these negative impacts, Australia must be willing to cease
producing these harmful products. If we aren’t willing to address the problem when
it is manageable, we will be leaving future generations with the impossible.

Exemplars
• Exemplar 2
The increasing application of AI platforms such as Chat-GPT have drawn continued attention from companies and users
alike, however the disregard for potential threats that are already prevalent in society reveals the need for greater
awareness and caution. While the convenience of collecting data from a limitless base of sources holds appeal to those
looking for efficient measures, the likelihood that collected materials contain an aspect of misinformation is of significant
concern, with less attention to quality assurance, information origin and publisher accountability. The use of AI for security
purposes also pose ethical dilemmas as to who owns or has access to sensitive information which would normally rely on
human coding and control systems to operate. The application in AI in academic institutions also reveals threat to
practices of academic accountability and the authenticity of learning, suggesting that those who rely on AI to generate
academic materials not only deceive, but neglect the opportunity to develop skills in quality assurance and information
integrity. All of these aspects reveal the inherent risks associated with the current movement to delegate human process to
AI technologies, and if these actions occur to hastily, the potential consequences of embracing an unknown and ever-
changing entity could be a significant threat. To prevent such outcomes, attention to regulation, ethical accountability
frameworks and public information should be considered alongside the production and adoption of AI tools.

Writing a Conclusion

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