The most required skill in today's globalised world, yet the most lacking in young generations.

2. A man lives in a small house with a farm as his back garden and has a river beside his house.
On the other side of the river is a shop. One day he visited the shop. he bought a chicken and Fox for his farm and
bought a bag of corn to feed the chicken on.The man can only take one thing and himself across in the boat.
With out killing any animals or letting another animal eat an item or animal, how will the man get across?

3. Functional Fixedness

4. Let’s Explore
What is
Thinking and
Critical
Thinking
Are you a
Critical
Thinker?
The use of Logic
In Critical
Thinking
Constructing
Arguments and
Validating
Assumptions
Critical
Thinking as
Creative
Problem Solving

5. What is Thinking

6. Thinking is purposeful, organized, cognitive
process that we use to make sense of our world.

7. Types of Thinking

8. What is Critical Thinking?

9. Richard Paul.. Father of Critical Thinking
“Critical thinking is thinking about your thinking while you’re
thinking in order to make your thinking better.”

10.  Critical Thinking is the ability to
apply reasoning, and logic to unfamiliar
Ideas, options and situations.
 Effectively identify, evaluate and
analyse arguments.
 Discover and overcome Assumptions.
 Make reasonable and intelligent decisions
on what to believe and what not to.

11. Let’s find out if you are a Critical Thinker?

12. Waltson RED Model of Critical Thinking
Keys to
Critical
Thinking
R
E
D
Recognize Assumptions
Valuate Arguments
Raw Conclusions

13. Waltson RED Model of Critical Thinking
Keys to
Critical
Thinking
R ecognize Assumptions

15. Identifying Facts and Assumptions

16. Facts from Opinion
 I am 5 feet 7 inches tall.
 Mr. Mohan is the coolest maths
teacher ever
 It is going to be hot today as it is
already 45degrees outside.

17. Waltson RED Model of Critical Thinking
Keys to
Critical
Thinking
E Valuate Arguments

18. LOGIC
Logic is the science of reasoning, proof, thinking, or
inference.
Logic allows us to analyze arguments, and determine
whether they are correct or not.

19. Argument : The Primary Focus of Logic
An Argument is any group of propositions of which one (conclusion) is
claimed to follow from the others( premises) which provides support
for the truth of that one.

20. Lets have a look at this Argument:
So human beings are mammals
Human beings give birth to babies,
All Mammals give birth to babies,
Major Premise
Minor Premise
Conclusion

21. Lets have a look at this Argument:
All people are Animals
All People are Mammals,
All Mammals are four footed animals,
Major Premise
Minor Premise
Conclusion

22. • An argument is a set of statements with at least one conclusion
and one reason that supports the conclusion.
• In real life settings, arguments are complex with reasons that
run counter to the conclusion, stated and unstated
assumptions, irrelevant information, and intermediate steps.
• The critical thinking skills lie in identifying conclusions, rating
the quality of reasons, and determining the overall strength of
an argument

23. Case Study : Moving Towards the Internet

24. Waltson RED Model of Critical Thinking
Keys to
Critical
Thinking
D Raw Conclusions

27. Problem at Issue
Information
Interpretation
and Inference
Assumptions
Perceptions
Consequences
Model for Critical Thinking
 How did I reach this
inference?
 Is my inference logical?
 What information/data
is relevant to this
problem?
 Is this information
relevant?
 How do I know that this
data is correct?
 What is the problem
that I am trying to
solve?
 Is this problem, simple
or complex?
 What will happen if I
decide to do X?
 What will happen if I
decide not to do X?
 How am I looking at
this problem? Is it
reasonable?
 Am I having difficulty
looking at this problem
with a view with which
I disagree?
 What am I assuming or
taking for granted?
 Am I assuming
something that I should
not?

28. Parameters of Critical Thinking
Clarity
Accuracy
Precision
Relevance
Breadth
Fairness

29. Clarity

30. Questions to Ask
Could you elaborate further on that point?
Could you give me an example?

32. Questions to Ask
Is that really true?
How can we check that?

33. Precision

34. Questions to Ask
Could you give more details?
Could you be more specific?

35. Relevance

36. Questions to Ask
How is that connected to the question?
Is it relevant in an organizational context?

38. Questions to Ask
Is there another way to look at this question?
What would this look like from the point of view?

40. Questions to Ask
Is this an open minded way of looking at this problem?
Am I being impartial?

41. What does Critical Thinking do?
• Clarifies Goals
• Examines Assumptions
• Discerns Hidden Values
• Evaluates Evidence
• Accomplishes Actions
• Evaluates Conclusions

42. Why don’t we often think Critically?
Egocentrism
Sociocentricism
Unwanted Assumptions
Wishful Thinking
Subjective Thinking
Barriers

43. What are the Characteristics of Critical Thinkers?
Curiosity
Humility
Ability to
Research Objectivity

44. Becoming a Critical Thinker
Willingness to look
at yourself
Persistent Evaluation
Ongoing Fair
Mindedness
Commitment to an
informed decision

45. Think left and think right and
think low and think high
Oh, the thinks you can think up if you only
try!