This presentation was made during the lockdown in WORK FROM HOME series for my office and this is all about types of stairs, types and styles of windows in architecture, types of water tanks and their position as per vaastu, types of slabs. Hope you will like this presentation! Do follow, like, comment and share :)

1. TYPES OF STAIRCASE USED IN ARCHITECTURE ALONG
WITH MATERIAL DETAILS AND DIFFERENT STYLES.
TYPES OF WINDOWS GIVEN IN DIFFERENT
STYLES OF ARCHITECTURE.
TYPES OF WATER TANKS GIVEN IN PLANNING OF BUILDING
AND THEIR POSITIONS ACCORDING TO VASTU.
TYPES OF SLABS MADE IN ARCHITECTURE.

2. STEPPING UP ONTO THE STAIRS...!
# A stair is a system of steps by which people
and objects may pass from one level of a
building to another.
# A stair is to be designed to span large
vertical distance by dividing it into smaller
vertical distances, called steps.
ANATOMY OF STAIRS
TYPES OF STEPS
TYPES OF STAIRS
(A) STRAIGHT STAIRS
Without landing With landing
(B) TURNING STAIRS
01) QUARTER TURN STAIRS
02) HALF TURN STAIRS
Quarter turn
with landing
Quarter turn
with winders
Dog-legged with
Half-landing
Open-well Stair With
Two Quarter Landings

3. 03) THREE QUARTER STAIRS
(C) GEOMETRICAL STAIRS
01) CIRCULAR STAIRS 02) SPIRAL STAIRS
03) HELICAL STAIRS 04) GEOMETRICAL STAIRS
MATERIALS USED TO CAST STAIRS
BRICK STAIRS METAL STAIRS
RCC STAIRS WOOD/ TIMBER STAIRS
STONE STAIRS

4. WATCHING WITH CLEARITY ....WINDOWS!
A window is an opening in a wall,
door, roof, or vehicle that allows the
light, sound and sometimes air.
ANATOMY OF WINDOW
TYPES
OF
WINDOWS
AWNING WINDOW - horizontally hinged.
outward swing.
CASEMENT WINDOW - vertically hinged.
inward/ outward swing.
SINGLE-HUNG WINDOW - fixed upper sash.
movable lower sash.
DOUBLE-HUNG WINDOW - both sash can slide.
PICTURE/ FIXED WINDOWS - sash is fixed.
HOPPER WINDOW - hinged on the bottom
opens outward from the top.
SLIDING WINDOWS - slide open and closed.
on either sides rather than in and out
JALOUSIES/LOUVERED WINDOWS - opened and
closed in unison.
TILT AND TURN WINDOWS - tilt-in at the top,
swing-in, along one side.
JALOUSIES/LOUVERED WINDOWS - opened and
closed in unison.

5. BAY WINDOWS - combination of
windows such as double hung,
casement and fixed window
with only 3 panes.
BOW WINDOWS - combination of
windows such as double hung,
casement and fixed window with
5-6 panes.
GARDEN WINDOW - glass on all sides
except on bottom, combination of
single hung, stationery window.
ARCH OR RADIUS WINDOWS - bottom
half of the window is rectangular
while the top is an arch or half-circle.
SKYLIGHT - installed on the ceiling
Of a home, bringing in light and
views of the sky.
WINDOWS IN ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
CAPE COD STYLE TUDOR STYLE

6. COLONIAL STYLE VICTORIAN & QUEEN ANNE STYLES
CRAFTSMAN BUNGALOW STYLE STUCCO, SPANISH & MEDITERRANEAN STYLES

7. PRAIRIE STYLE RANCH AND SPLIT LEVEL STYLE
MODERN STYLE

8. ALL ABOUT TANKS !
“Water is the source of every creation.” In
day to day life one cannot live without
water. Therefore, water needs to be stored
for daily use. Overhead water tank and
underground water reservoir is the most
effective storing facilities used for domestic
or even industrial purpose.
BASED ON THE LOCATION
OVERHEAD TANKS UNDERGROUND TANKS
# An overhead water tank is the
one that you place on the roof of
the house.
# This means that an overhead
water tank puts load on the area
where it’s located.
# An underground water tank is the one
that’s dug up in the ground.
# This means that it creates a depression
in the area wherever it’s created.
BASED ON THE MATERIALS
FIBREGLASS TANKS
ON - GROUND TANKS
# An on ground water tank is the one that’s
kept on the earth’s surface.
# This means that it creates a load in the
area wherever it’s placed.
STEEL TANKS CONCRETE TANKS
POLYETHYLENE TANKS
They are very stiff and rigid, but
relatively thin and light, making
them quite brittle and prone to
cracking.
Most steel water tanks are made
of galvanised steel—a zinc
coating that protects the steel
from corrosion.
Concrete tanks are quite
strong and often long lasting.
Poly tanks are easier to install due to
their strength and lightness

9. WATER TANK VASTU – HERE’S HOW TO DO IT!
Best located in South-west direction.
Can also be located in South direction too.
North- west is the last option for overhead
water tank placement
( tank should be small & 2-3 feet away
from NW corner)
And also in west direction.
N
E
S
W
Never locate it in NE as that makes NE
heavy
Don’t locate in SE; results in loss of wealth
and accidents
Never locate at the center of house
OVERHEAD WATER TANK
# Keep SW and South tank on a platform that’s 1-2
feet higher than the roof.
# For a tank in West there’s no need for a platform;
you can place the tank at roof level.
# Have separate water tanks for kitchen and
bathrooms/toilets
# Never locate a water tank above a kitchen or
bedroom.
# No dampness or leaks from tanks (especially in SW)

10. UNDERGROUND WATER TANK
Locate the tank towards NE of the house.
Can also be located in South direction too.
Tank can also be located at 5th pada in
West
The tank can be towards North and East.
If there’s no option than you can also
locate the tank in 4th pada in South
# Always do pooja before digging the earth.
# East - Prosperity & Wealth Gain.
# North - Acquisition of Wealth, Happiness &
Prosperity.
# Never start digging on any Tuesday
# South - Mental Sickness,
(permitted in 4th pada)
N
E
S
W

11. Over the beams, there rests the SLAB
# Slab is an important structural element
which is constructed to create flat and
useful surfaces such as floors, roofs,
and ceilings.
# It is a horizontal structural component,
with top and bottom surfaces parallel.
# Commonly, slabs are supported by
beams, columns (concrete or steel),
walls, or the ground.
TYPES OF SLABS
# Flat slab doesn’t have beams
so it is also called a beam-less slab.
# They are supported on columns
itself thus, loads are directly
transferred to columns.
FLAT SLAB
CONVENTIONAL SLAB
# Slab which is supported on beams
and columns.
# It requires more formwork when
compared with the flat slab.
HOLLOW CORE SLAB
# Hollow core ribbed slabs derive their
name from the voids or cores which
run through the units.
# The cores can function as service ducts
and significantly reduce the self-
weight of the slabs, maximizing
structural efficiency.
HARDY SLAB
# Hardy slabs are generally seen in
Dubai and China.
# Hardy slab is constructed by Hardy
Bricks which are hollow and made
up of concrete Hollow blocks.
WAFFLE SLAB
# Waffle slab is a reinforced concrete
roof or floor containing square grids
with deep sides.
# Type of slab where we find a
hollow hole in the slab.
DOME SLAB
# Semi-circle in shape.
# Shuttering is done on a
conventional slab in a dome shape
and concrete is filled in shuttering
forming dome shapes.

12. # Pitch roof is an inclined slab
# Thickness vary from 2” to 8”,
depending upon the span.
PITCH ROOF SLAB
CABLE SUSPENSION SLAB
# If the span of the slab is very long,
then we go for cable suspension
slab which is supported on cable
# The slabs are tied with cables and
these cables are joined to columns.
SLAB WITH ARCHES
# This is a type of slabs which is generally
adopted in the construction of
bridges.
# Are adopted at a place where there
is a need for redirecting wind load.
PROJECTED SLAB
# The slab which has one side fixed
and the other side is free is called
Projected Slab or Cantilever slab.
POST TENSION SLAB
# The slab which is tensioned after
constructing a slab.
# In Post tension slab the reinforcement
is replaced with cables/ steel tendons.

13. PRESENTED BY -
MS. ROMA ROCHWANI