1. POWER GRID CORPORATION OF
INDIA LIMITED
SUBMITTED BY:
PROJECT REPORT ON PATNA 400/220KV
SUBSTATION
Control, Automation & Protection Of Patna Substation
ROHIT
SCHOLAR NO: 13-1-3-043
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
NIT SILCHAR

4. POWERGRID AT GLANCE

5. EVOLUTION OF NATIONAL GRID
SOUTHER
N REGION
WESTER
NREGIO
N
EASTERN
REGION
NORTHERN
REGION
NORTH-
EASTERN
REGION
1
2
3

6. SOUTHERN REGION
WESTE
RNREG
EASTE
RN
NORTHE
RN
NORTH
-
EASTE
1
2

7. AN OVERVIEW OF PATNA SUB STATION
LAYOUT

8. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

9. 400 KV SLD

10. 220 KV SLD

11. INTRUDUCTION TO SUBSTATION & ITS
EQUIPMENTS
The First Step in designing a Substation is to design an Earthing and
Bonding System.

12. •

13. •
•
•
•
•
•
•

14. •
SWITCHYARD PROTECTION
Specifications of SF6 C.B. used in substation:-

24. 23 Fire fighting system
-sensors, detection
system
-water spray system
-fire protection control
panels,
alarm system
-water tank and
spray system
To sense the occurrence of fire by sensors
and to initiate water spray, to disconnect
power supply to affected region to pin-
point location of fire by indication in control
room.
24 Auxiliary standby power
system
-diesel generator sets
-switchgear
-distribution system
For supplying starting power, stand by
power for auxiliaries.
25 Telephone, Telex
system,
Microwave system
For internal and external communication.
Pre-Commissioning Testing of equipment :

28. This is to measure the resistance of secondary winding & is done for all the cores with
DIGITAL MULTIMETER.

31. LOADING
TRANSFOR
TONG TESTER (LOW
RANGE FOR SEC.

33. 9. Contact Resistance Measurement.

34. energisation.)
TRANSMISSION LINE PROTECTION & AUTO
RECLOSE SCHEME

36. Z3
Z2
Z1
80%
100+
100 + 100 + 20%
Z3R
20%
Section 1 Section 2
Section 3
Zone 1 = 80% of ZL or 70% ZL in Double Circuit lines
Zone 2 = 120% of ZL
Zone 3F = 220% of ZL
Zone 3R = 20% of ZL
Z 1A
Z 2A
Z 3A
SETTING CRITERIA

37. PERMISSIVE UNDER REACH SCHEME
Fault beyond the Zone 1 reach of relay A but within the Zone 1 reach of relay B
Distance relay at B will trip the breaker in Z 1 time & send carrier to end A.
Fault detected in Zone 2 reach of relay A and carrier recd. Trips instantaneously without Zone 2 delay
A
B
Z 1A
Z 1B
Fault

39. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

40. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

43. SUBSTATION AUTOMATION AND REMOTE
OPERATION
•
•
•
•
•

45. •

46. •
•

47. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

48. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•