After studying this topic the students can be able to Define knowledge Describe significance of different sources of knowledge Differentiate between different sources of knowledge Identify the reliable sources of knowledge

1. Sources of Knowledge
in
Philosophy of Education
CC 8609 - B.Ed.
Presented by:
Ch. M. Ashraf
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3. 1. Revealed
2. Intuition,
3. Authority
4. Rational
5. Empirical
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4. Objectives
After studying/listening to the lecture the students can
be able to
1. Define knowledge
2. Describe significance of different sources of
knowledge
3. Differentiate between different sources of knowledge
4. Identify the reliable sources of knowledge
Ch.M.Ashraf,
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5. Knowledge
 The awareness and understanding of particular aspect
of reality
 Logical information gained through the process of
reasoning
 Knowing about the particular thing
 Knowledge required three necessary conditions i.e.
justified, true and belief.
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6. Revealed Knowledge
The knowledge is based upon Revelation from a
supernatural being. This type of knowledge is commonly
known as religious knowledge. Revealed knowledge is
described as a knowledge that God has disclosed to man.
i. Holy Quran is a good example of revealed knowledge.
ii. Revealed knowledge is the ultimate knowledge.
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7. Revealed Knowledge
iii. First revelation shows that Allah has taught man
which the man did not know.
iv. It is the knowledge which makes a man superior to
others. Islam calls us to seek knowledge.
v. The profit (PBUH) made seeking knowledge an
obligation upon every Muslim.
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8. Intuition
Knowing something without the use of rational process.
it is an immediate cognition or sharp insight. It occurs
beneath the threshold of consciousness.
1. Intuitive knowledge is based on intuition, faith
belief etc.
2. Russel (1912)claims that our knowledge of truth
depends upon our intuitive knowledge.
3. The intuitive knowledge is beyond intellect. the
intellect plays on it and develops it further.
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9. Authority
This kind or source of knowledge relies on the
information that is obtained from books, research
papers, experts, scholars etc. This kind of
knowledge is derived from the written works and
reports of others.
Authoritative knowledge is used in all academic
activities as references.
Conti……
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10. Authority
In ancient times when floods starvation or
epidemics terrified men, they blindly accepted their
elder's explanations and they appealed to supernatural
powers for help.
Obtaining knowledge from authorities often saves
times and effort but care must be employed in choosing
authorities
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11. Rational
− Reasoning or logic is the central factor in acquisition
of knowledge. It is known as rationalism.
− Reason plays an important role in acquisition of all
our knowledge.
− To some one who sees the world through the rational
knowledge framework, the highest ideals are logical
conclusions and independent thinking based upon
demonstrable facts.
Conti……Ch.M.Ashraf,
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12. Rational
− For the significant and power role of experimentation
in the human sciences and knowledge we would have
to apply rational laws.
− Rational knowledge can be applied to different areas
like mathematics, science and the arts.
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13. Empirical
• Empiricism and rationalism have ever been two major
constructive debates within epistemological field.
• Empiricism accepts personal experiences associated
with observation, feelings and senses. Whereas
rationalism relies on empirical findings. And
empirical knowledge relies on objective facts that have
been established and can be demonstrated.
Conti……
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14. Empirical
• Empiricist hold that all of our knowledge is ultimately
derived from our senses or our experiences. They deny the
existence of innate knowledge.
• The empirical doctrine relies on the inductive method in
search for evidence and in thinking, since this method is
one that ascends from the particular to the general.
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15. Ch.M.Ashraf,
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