1. Covalent and Ionic Bonding
Submitted to: Dr. Manmohan Singh
Chauhan
Submitted by: Ritika
Course : B.tech ( Bioinformatics) 1st
semester
Enroll.no.: A20204222005
2. Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds are formed when
electrons are shared between two
elements. The elements in covalent
bonds are often close in
electronegativity. This is because if
one was much higher than the other it
would steal an electron not share it.
Neither takes electrons or loses any.
Form molecules. Close
electronegativity.
3.
4. Ionic Bonds
In ionic bonds are formed when metals
take electrons from nonmetals. When
the electrons are stolen one becomes
negative and one becomes positive so
they are attracted towards each other.
This forms a crystal structure because
the negatives will always be surrounded
on all sides by positives and not touch
other negatives so they become a 3-d
structure. The one that is taking is a
higher electronegativity because it
attracts the electrons from the other
element with a lower pull. Very different
electronegativity.
5.
6. Compare and Contrast
In order for the covalent bonds to form the
electronegativities need to be different
because that way the electrons can be
shared not stolen and ionic need to take so
the higher electronegativity allows that to
happen. Covalent are nonmetal to nonmetal
and ionic are metal to nonmetal because of
electronegativities. Ionic has high melting
and boiling points because bonds need to
break but covalent are low because bonds
don’t need to. Covalent are flexible so bond
needs to break ionic are hard because bonds
are strong.
9. Comparison
Water
Water is covalent
because both
oxygen and
hydrogen are
nonmetals with close
electronegativities.
They don’t take the
electrons from each
other they share.
Sodium Fluorine
It is ionic because
sodium has a low
electronegativity and
fluorine has the
highest
electronegativity of
any element.
Fluorine takes
electrons and one
becomes positive
and one negative so
they are attracted to
each other.
