About chemical bonding and its different types.

1. CHEMICAL BONDING
MUHAMMAD TOHEED
Reg No: L1F21BSBT0068

2. Chemical Bonding
 A chemical bond is defined as the strong force of attraction
which can hold a group of two or more atomic species
together.
 Any of the interactions that account for the association of
atoms into:
• molecules
• ions
• crystals and other stable species.

3. Types of Chemical Bonding
There are four types of chemical bonds essential for life to
exist:
o Ionic Bonds
o Covalent Bonds
o Metallic bonding
o Hydrogen Bonds

4. Ionic Bonding
 Ionic bond, also called electrovalent bond, type of linkage formed
from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a
chemical compound. Such a bond forms when the valence
(outermost) electrons of one atom are transferred permanently to
another atom.

5. Covalent Bonding
A covalent bond consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of
electrons between two atoms. These electrons are simultaneously attracted by
the two atomic nuclei. A covalent bond forms when the difference between the
electronegativities of two atoms is too small for an electron transfer to occur to
form ions.

6. Polar and Non-polar Covalent Bond
 Polar covalent bond:
A polar covalent bond is a bond formed when a shared pair of electrons
are not shared equally. This is due to one of the elements having a
higher electronegativity than the other.
 Non-polar covalent bond:
A non-polar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond that is formed
when electrons are shared equally between two atoms. Thus, in an
atom, the number of electrons shared by the adjacent atoms will be the
same.

7. Metallic Bonding
 Metallic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that arises from the
electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons (in the
form of an electron cloud of delocalized electrons) and positively
charged metal ions.

8. Hydrogen Bonding
 Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole attraction
between molecules, not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom. It
results from the attractive force between a hydrogen atom covalently
bonded to a very electronegative atom such as a N, O, or F atom and
another very electronegative atom.

9. WHY DO ELEMENTS FORM CHEMICAL
BOND?

10. THANK YOU
.