2. CONTENTS-
• WHAT ARE ULTRA FINE PARTICLES?
• FORMATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER
• SOURCES.
• PROCESS INVOLVED.
• FACTS
• DEPOSITION OF ULTRA FINE PARTICLES.
• HEALTH EFFECTS.
• APPLICATIONS IN MEDICAL AND TECHNOLOGY
FIELD
• CONCLUSION
3. WHAT ARE ULTRA FINE PARTICLES?
• They are particulate matter of nanoscale size(less than 0.1micron or 100
nanometer)in diameter.
• They are airborne particulates of less than 100nm in aerodynamic diameter
• They can be solid or liquid droplets. Examples are diesel exhaust, products of
cooking, heating, wood burning in indoor conditions and nanotechnology
synthesized products.
• All particle populations that are found in air are poly dispersed-that is, they
comprise particles with ranges of diameter that are usually summarized as mean
or median diameter.
• Ultra fine particles(<100nm) are ubiquitous in ambient urban and indoor air form
multiple sources and may contribute to adverse respiratory and cardiovascular
effects of particulate matter(PM)
• Although humans have been exposed to airborne Nano sized particles
throughout their evolutionary stages, such exposure has increased dramatically
over the last century due to anthropogenic activities .
4.
5. PRIMARY SOURCES-
•Natural sources-sea spray,
volcanoes, wildfires
•Anthropogenic-
•outdoor-combustion emissions
•Indoor-manufactured products
including printer toner, carbon
nanotubes and medical and skin
care products
9. WHAT PROCESSES ARE INVOLVED?
•Increased UFP(Due to primary combustion emissions)
•Direct emission of carbon or metallic particles
•Emitted gases convert to particles
•Nucleation and condensation
•Volatization, Diffusion , Dispersion
•Coagulation and condensation
•These processes are effected by environmental conditions-
( Temperature, sunlight, humidity, wind speed )
10. FACTS-
• OCCURS AS MAJOR COMPONENT OF URBAN AIR POLLUTION
• CAN BE MEASURED USING A CONDENSATION PARTICLE COUNTER IN WHICH
PARTICLES ARE MIXED WITH ALCOHOL VAPOUR AND THEN COOLED ALLOWING
THE VAPOUR TO CONDENSE AROUND THEM WHICH ARE THEN COUNTED
USING A LIGHT SCANNER
• BOTH MANUFACTURED AND NATURALLY OCCURING
• GENERALLY MADE FROM COMBUSTION PROCESS
• ALSO HAVE INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION –ULTRA FINE CARBON BLACK(POTENTIAL
FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE)
• CAN BE EIETHER CARBON-BASED OR METALLIC AND CAN BE FURTHER
SUBDIVIDED BY THEIR MAGNETIC PROCESS.
• ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ALLOWS SCIENTISTS TO OBSERVE UFP MORPHOLOGY.
11. DEPOSITION OF ULTRA FINE PARTICLES -
• May exists as singlet particles or as aggregates
• In the form of aggregates, their deposition characteristics
can change as aggregates will have a greater aerodynamic
diameter than singlet particles
• Aerodynamic characteristics of aggregator will vary
depending on the compactness
• Aggregates of ultrafine particles may disperse in the fluid of
epithelial lining so that lung receives singlet particles
13. WHO ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE?
• PEOPLE WITH HEART/LUNG
DISEASES
• ELDERLY PEOPLE WITH
COMPROMISED IMMUNE
SYSTEM
• WORKERS EXPOSURE TO
METAL FUMES ,INDUCE
SYMPTOMS OF METAL FUME
FEVER
• CHILDREN
14.
15. RESPIRATORY& CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS-
• SHORT TERM EFFECTS
• Decreased lung
function
• Irritation,
inflammation
• Cardiac Arrhythmias
• Heart Attacks
• Shortening of breath
• Chest pain
• Fatigue
16. RESPIRATORY& CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS-
• LONG TERM EEFECTS
• Chronic obstructive
pulmonary
disease(emphysema)
• Lung Cancer
• Premature death
• Heart failure
. Asthma
19. TOXICOLOGICAL
EFFECTS-
• UFP can penetrate
intracellularly and
potentially cause DNA
damage
• Several proteins related
to homeostatic immune
control were down-
regulated
• Hampers biochemical
pathways
20. APPLICATIONS IN MEDICAL AND TECHNOLOGY FIELD-
.Used in diagnostic imaging and novel drug delivery
system –include targeting circulatory system
.Have silvered based nanostructures which have
antimicrobial properties that are exploited in
wound healing, in order to prevent infection
.Carbon based UFP have a application in
computer, includes use of graphene and carbon
nanotubes in electronics as well as other
computers and circuit components
21. CONCLUSION-
•As the nanotechnology industry has grown,
nanoparticles have brought UFPs more public and
regulatory attention. UFP risk assessment research is
still in the very early stages. There are continuing
debates about whether to regulate UFPs and how to
research and manage the health ricks they may pose.
