2. Meaning
of
History
Derived from the Greek word historia
which means learning by inquiry.
Aristotle looked upon history as the
systematic accounting of a set of
natural phenomena. There are theories
constructed by historians in
investigating history: the factual history
and the speculative history.
3. Meaning
of
History
Factual – presents readers the plain
and basic information (what, when,
who).
Speculative – goes beyond facts
because it is concerned about the
reasons for which events happened
(why and how).
4. Meaning
of
History
History deals with the study of past
events. Individuals who write about
history are called historians. They seek
to understand the present by
examining what went before. The
practice of historical writing is called
historiography, the traditional method
in doing historical research.
5. HISTORY AS THE
SUBJECTIVE PROCESS OF
RE-CREATION
Historiansstrive torestore thetotal past
ofmankind.They doitfromthepointof
view thathumanbeingslive indifferent
times andthattheirexperiences maybe
somehow comparable,orthattheir
experiences mayhave significantly
differed contingentontheplaceandtime.
6. HISTORICAL METHOD
AND HISTORIOGRAPHY
Theprocess ofcriticallyexaminingand
analyzingthe recordsandsurvivals of
thepastiscalledhistoricalmethod. The
imaginativereconstructionof thepast
fromthedataderived bytheprocess is
calledhistoriography.
10. Relics or remains – whose existence offer
researchers a clue about the past. Artifacts
can be found where relics of human
happenings can be found.
Testimonies of witnesses – whether oral or
written, may have been created to serve as
records or they might have been created for
some other purposes.
The historian deals with the dynamic or
genetic as well as the static and aims at being
interpretative as well as descriptive.
12. 1. Narrative or literature are chronicles or tracts
presented in narrative form, written to impart a
message whose motives for their composition
vary widely.
2. Diplomatic sources are understood to be those
which document/record an existing legal
situation or create a new one, and it is these
kinds of sources that professional historians once
treated as the purest, the “best” source. A legal
document is usually sealed or authenticated to
provide evidence that a legal transaction has
been completed and can be used as evidence in a
judicial proceeding in case of dispute.
13. 3. Social document are information
pertaining to economic, social,
political, or judicial significance.
They are records kept by
bureaucracies.
15. 1. Material evidence, also known as
archaeological evidence is on of the most
important unwritten evidences. These
artifacts can tell a great deal about the ways
of life of people in the past, and their culture.
These artifacts can also reveal a great deal
about the socio-cultural interconnections of
the different groups of people especially
when an object is unearthed in more one
place.
16. 2. Oral evidence is also an
important source of information for
historians. Much are told by the
tales or sagas of ancient peoples
and the folk songs or popular
rituals from the pre-modern period
of Philippine history.
18. 1. Primary sources are original,
first-hand account of an event or
period that are usually written or
made during or close to the event
or period. These sources are
original and factual, not
interpretive. Their key function is to
provide facts.
19. 2. Secondary sources, on the other
hand, are materials made by
people long after the events being
described had taken place to
provide valuable interpretations of
historical events. A secondary
source analyzes and interprets
primary sources.
21. Examines the origins of earliest text
to appreciate the underlying
circumstances upon which the text
came to be. To discover the original
meaning of the text in its historical
context and its literal sense. To
establish a reconstruction of the
historical situation of the author
and recipients of the text.
22. Historical criticism has two parts:
1. To determine the authenticity of
the material, also called
provenance of a source.
2. To weigh the testimony to the
truth.
23. 1. External criticism determines the
authenticity of the source. The
authenticity of the material may be
tested in two ways, by palaeographical
and diplomatic criticism of historical
document to understand how the
document came to be, the information
transmitted, and the relationships
between the facts purported in the
document and the reality.
24. 2. Internal criticism determines the
historicity of the facts contained in
the document. It is not necessary
to prove the authenticity of the
material or document. The facts
contained in the document must
first be tested before any
conclusion pertaining to it can be
admitted.
26. To distinguish a hoax or
misinterpretation from a genuine
document, the historian must use
tests common in police and legal
detection. Making the best guess of
the date of the document, he/she
examines the materials to see
whether they are not anachronistic.
30. STYLE
blanditmetus.
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laoreet suscipit. Suspendisse
placerat mauris a porttitorr
fringilla. Fusce ut elit ligula.
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dictum, id elementum enim
lacinia. Aliquam tincidunt ex
sem, quis vestibulum
32. Quisque eu velit non nisi laoreet
suscipit. Suspendisse placerat
mauris a porttitorr fringilla.
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diam a turpis dictum, id
elementum enim lacinia.
Aliquam tincidunt ex sem, quis
vestibulum
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placerat mauris a porttitorr fringilla. Fusce ut elit
ligula. Nunc gravida diam a turpis dictum, id
elementum enim lacinia. Aliquam tincidunt ex sem,
quis vestibulum
36. ORANGE
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suscipit. Suspendisse placerat
mauris a porttitorr fringilla. Fusce
ut elit ligula. Nunc gravida diam a
turpis dictum, id elementum
enim lacinia. Aliquam tincidunt
ex sem, quis vestibulum
39. Quisque eususcipit velit non nisi laoreet.
Nullamestjusto,mollis
sedloremat,hendreritdd
blanditmetus.
Quisque eususcipit velit non nisi laoreet.
40. oran
ge
ORANGE VINTAGE STYLE
Quisque eu velit non nisi laoreet
suscipit. Suspendisse placerat
mauris a porttitorr fringilla. Fusce
ut elit ligula. Nunc gravida diam a
turpis dictum, id elementum
enim lacinia. Aliquam tincidunt
ex sem, quis vestibulum
