The document discusses Greek literature and the concept of fate. It provides context on the origins and spread of Greek literature from ancient Greece to other regions influenced by Alexander the Great. It then defines the Greek concept of fate as being governed by destiny and personified by the three Moirai goddesses. Several works of Greek literature are examined, including Homer's Iliad where the gods and characters are bound by fate. Sophocles' Oedipus Rex is also summarized, where Oedipus' fate is to fulfill the prophecy of killing his father and marrying his mother, despite efforts to avoid this destiny. The document conveys that fate or destiny in Greek literature represents an inescapable reality that shapes the lives

1. To My Presentation

2. Course Title: Classics in Translation
Presented By: Refat Ara
Id:143020100009
Course Conductor:
Tania Tabassum Mam

4. Greek literature
 Greek Literature, body of writings in the Greek language, with a
continuous history extending from 1st millennium BC to the present day.
 From the beginning its writers were Greeks living not only in Greece
Proper but also in Asia Minor, the Aegean Islands, and Magna Graecia
(Sicily and Southern Italy).

5.  Later, after the consequence of Alexander the Great, Greek become the
common language of the eastern Mediterranean Lands and then of the
Byzantine Empire.
 Literature in Greek was produced not only over a much wider area but also
by those whose mother tongue was not Greek.
 Even before the Turkish conquest (1453) the area had begun to shrink again,
and now it is chiefly confined to Greece and Cyprus
Greek literature

7.  The Greek word for Fate-“moira, moros” mean “portion”
 Fatalism is the system of belief that holds that the universe and everything in it is
governed by destiny or fate (moira).
 This force became personified in Greek religion in the form of the three goddesses
of fate(the Moirai).
Concept of Fate

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Concept of Fate
 Clothospins the thread of life.
 Lachesisdetermines the length of a
person's life and measures the thread
of his glory (or its opposite).
 Atroposdetermines when that life
should end.

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Greek literature And Fate

10. Homer’s ”The Iliad” and Fate
 The Trojan War was a brutal fate for both the Achaeans and the Trojans.
 The taking of Thebe and Brisies and Chryseis were captured.
 Achilles could not change his fate when King Agamemnon stole Breisis from him.

11. Homer’s ”The Iliad” and Fate
Gods are bound or controlled by fate
Ares even mentions his own fate.
“Now don’t be surprised, my good Olympians, if I go and pay out those Achaeans for my
son’s death! Yes, even if my fate is to be struck by a thunderbolt from on high, and I have to
lie with a heap of corpses in the blood and dust!”.

12. Homer’s ”The Iliad” and Fate
Andromache realized her fate.
“So we were both born to one fate, you in Troy in the palace of Priam, I in Thebe under
woody Placos, in the house of Eetion who brought me up as a tiny tot-- doomed father,
doomed child!”.
 Hectors fate to kill Patroclus but could not escape from Achilles
 Achilles fate to destroy Hector and bring a victory to the Achaeans.

13. Everything that happened in the Iliad was influenced by
the gods, but determined by fate.

14.  the king of Thebes ,Laius, receives a prophecy that his newborn son will kill him and
take his throne.
 Wishing to avoid this fate the king orders his wife Jocasta to kill the infant.
Sophocles and “Oedipus rex”

15.  The boy(Oedipus) eventually hears a prophecy stating that he will kill his father and sleep
with his own mother.
 Oedipus' desperate attempt to escape Fate from an understandable and pious desire to
live without committing heinous offenses.
Sophocles and “Oedipus Rex”

16.  Oedipus kills Laius which fulfills the prophecy.
 Traveling to Thebes Oedipus rescues the city from a creature called the Sphinx, In
their joy the city makes Oedipus their king.
Sophocles and “Oedipus Rex”

17.  Fulfills another prophecy.
 Oedipus gouging out his eyes and leaving the city ashamed.
Sophocles and “Oedipus Rex”

18. Destiny or Fate is ,a predetermined course of events,---an
unappeasable reality. And, none can be called happy until that day
when he carries His happiness down to the grave in peace.

19. Very Much