Engineering Study Material

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2. Chetan Kumar Soni
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Natasha Jain
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Harshvardhan
Shravan
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Rajnandani Tiwari
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Pranav Garg
01
Garima Bisen
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Vishal Agarwal
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Sameep Gurnani
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Nancy Jadon
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Kinjjal Khare
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3. Advantages,
disadvantages and
Points to remember
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Introduction to
Public speaking and
its types
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What, Why and How
Memorandum ?
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Types of
Memorandum
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6. ➢ A memorandum is a written message
or information from one person or
department to another person or
department within the organisation.
➢ A memorandum is a note or a record
for future use for an organisation.
➢ Memorandum is also abbreviated as
memo.
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8. ➢ Memorandum is generally used as a Reminder
➢ For highlighting an event or circumstance
➢ To recount an event
➢ To keep an official record of anything
➢ To pass information or instruction
➢ Usually memo is written to inform reader a
specific information
➢ You might also write a memo to persuade
others to take action, give feedback or react to
a situation.
➢ However, most memos communicate basic
information, such as meeting times or due
dates.
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10. Header
Body
Feedbac
k ,
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12. ● The recipient’s name goes here.
● May include Department name
also.
● If memorandum is to be given to
more than one people, write the
all the names in alphabetical
order or by their rank.
Mr. Mrs.
Dr.
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14. ● List the name of the writer(s)
in the same way as the
name(s) of the recipient(s).
● There is no complimentary
close or signature line, but
authors initial their names on
the From: line
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16. ● Lists the month, date and year the
memo was written
● Do not use abbreviations
● Avoid using numbers for months
and days
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18. ● Indicates the main subject
of the letter.
● Should be as specific and
concise as much as
possible.
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20. Introduction
States the general problem or main
idea.
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Statement of facts
States the facts or discuss the
problem or issue
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Conclusion
● Summarizes the main idea, suggests or
requests action
● Memos do not have a complimentary
close or signature line.
● Memos end with a call to action.
4
Argument
Explains importance or relevance of
facts
3
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22. ● Lists those readers who should have a copy of the
memo for their information or reference but are not
expected to carry out the same action as the recipients
listed in the To: line.
● “Cc” can also be placed at the end of the memo below
the distribution list (if used).
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24. TYPES OF MEMORANDUM
DIRECTIVE
MEMO
RESPONSE
MEMO
TRIP
REPORT
MEMO
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FIELD
REPORT
MEMO
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25. Directive Memo
A directive memo states a policy or procedure you
want the reader or co-worker to follow.
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27. Trip Report Memo
A trip report memo is usually sent to a supervisor
after an employee returns from business venture.
The structure is listed below:
● Purpose statement
● Summary
● Discussion
● Action
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29. Response Memo
The purpose of this memo is to provide the audience
with desired information. It usually has four parts:
● Purpose statement
● Summary
● Discussion
● Action
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31. Field Report Memo
Memos are often used to report on inspection and
procedures. These memos, known as field or lab
reports, include the problem, methods, results, and
conclusions, but spend less time on the methods
section. It has the following structure:
● Purpose of Memo
● Summary
● Problem leading to the decision to perform the
procedure
● Methods
● Results
● Conclusion
● Recommendation
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34. 1) Avoiding
distortion of
information
Memo helps to avoid
distortion in messages
that occur in oral
communication
2) Avoiding
Misunderstanding
Memos are very
plain in form and
simple to use
3) Preserving
information
Since Memo is a
written document, it
can be preserved.
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35. 5) A Quick
exchange of
information
Through writing a
memo, any information
can be exchanged
throughout the whole
organisation very
quickly.
6) Use as a
reference in
future
Since it is a written
document, it can be
preserved and used as
a reference in future.
4) Maintaining
Consistency
Memo helps to
maintain consistency
in their actions and
decisions for recurring
problems
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37. 1) Length and
Focus
They are designed to
contain one or two
pages of information.
They are also meant
to focus on single
subject
3) Problem in
modification
If memo circulates
any wrong
information it cannot
be revised instantly.
Memo is generally
written concisely. It
does not provide any
explanation or
clarification of
message to its readers
2) Lack of
Clarification
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38. 4) Time
Consuming
Formal memo requires
time for drafting and
circulating it to the
various parties.
5) One way
Communication
Since memorandum is
a one-way
communication. One
cannot ask question or
express opinions by
the same medium.
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40. Points to remember
2
Be formal
4
Avoid slang and
friendly word
1
Use a clear and
specific subject
3
Use the active
voice
5
Use the first person
6
Keep the paragraph
short
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Avoid rude and
thoughtless memo
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Proofread the
content before
send
7
One can use
enumeration for
the paragraph
9
Do not waste
reader’s time by
using lengthy
memo
11
Use of bullet to
make points
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44. Basically, Public Speaking is a presentation that’s
given before an audience.
It can serve the purpose of transmitting
information, telling a story, motivating people to
act or encouraging people.
This type of speech is deliberately structured with
three general purposes :
● To inform
● To persuade
● To entertain
Often, visual aids in the form of an electronic
slideshow are used to supplement the speech and
make it more interesting to the listeners.
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46. Improves
confidence
Since you have to express your opinion in front of many
people, it will gradually boost your confidence.
Better research skills
Before speaking you must have some facts and figures
and it needs research. So, it will also make your research
skills better.
Ability to
advocate for
causes
Cause advocacy is the championing of a particular
issue or cause that supporters feel strongly about.
Public speaking helps you to achieve this
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48. Public
Speaking
Ceremonial
Speaking
Demonstrative
Speaking
Informative
Speaking
Persuasive
Speaking
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49. Ceremonial Speaking
These speeches mark special occasions.
They are common at weddings, graduations and funerals, as
well as large birthday celebrations and office holiday parties.
It typically involves a toast and is personal with an intimate
emotional connection to people hearing it.
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50. Demonstrative Speaking
This type of public speaking requires being able to speak
clearly and concisely to describe actions and to perform
those actions while speaking.
The idea behind demonstrative speaking is that the audience
members leave with the knowledge about how to do
something.
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51. Informative Speaking
With informative speaking, the speaker is trying simply to
explain a concept to the audience members.
College lecture courses involve informative speaking as do
industry conference and public officials sharing vital
information.
In this type of speaking, the information is what is important.
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52. Persuasive Speaking
Persuasive speaking tends to be the most glitzy.
This type of speaking requires practicing voice inflections
and nuances of language that will convince the audience
members of a certain viewpoint.
The persuasive speaker uses emotional appeals and strong
language in speeches.
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54. ➢ https://writing.colostate.edu/guides/page.cfm?page
id=1485&guideid=73
➢ https://business.tutsplus.com/tutorials/what-is-
public-speaking--cms-31255
➢ https://www.law.cuny.edu/legal-
writing/students/memorandum/memorandum-1/
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