By Day 3 of Week 8: Post a draft of your persuasive PowerPoint presentation for review by and collaboration with your colleagues. Rashida Jones

1. Rashida Jones
EDDD 8070
Program: Doctorate of Education
Specialization: Special Education
Walden University

2. 
Presented by:
Rashida Jones
Ed.D. Candidate, Special Education
M.Ed., School Counseling
M.Ed., Educational Leadership and
Administration
Academic Manager
Princess Noura University
Motivational Speaker/Teacher Trainer
Disproportionality of Minorities
in Special Education

3. 
Short Video

4. 
 Cause of Disproportionality
 Defining Disproportionality
 Types of Disproportionality
 For or Against Causes of Disproportionality
 Recognizing Disproportionality
 Evidence Based Practice for Disproportionality
Overview

5. 
Causes of
Disproportionality
Cross’ and Donovan’s (2002)
Theory:
o Linked to Poverty
o Minority Students
Highly Regarded as Poor
o Poor Magnifies
Vulnerability to
Academic Risk and
Unhealthy Human
Development
 Skiba’s, Poloni-Staudinger’s,
Simmons’, Feggins – Azziz’s,
and Choong – Geun’s (2005)
Theory:
o Disproportionality of Minority
Students are Complex
o Poverty Not Central
Component of
Disproportionality
o Systemic Variables,
Availability of District
Resources, Individual Belief
Factors, School’s Disciplinary
Philosophy, School’s Referral
Process

6. 
 Happens by:
-Overrepresentation of students placed in special
education programs due to inappropriate referral
(O’Connor and Sonia, 2006).
- Underrepresentation of students receiving resources,
intervention services, rigorous curriculum and
instruction, and access to programs (Skiba, Simmons,
Ritter, Kohler, Henderson, and Wu, 2006)
Defining
Disproportionality

7. Types of
Disproportionality
Overrepresentation (O’Connor and
Sonia, 2006)
 Classification
 Placement
 Suspension
Underrepresented (Skiba,
Simmons, Ritter, Kohler,
Henderson, and Wu, 2006)
 Intervention services
 Resources
 Access to Programs
 Rigorous Curriculum and
Instruction

8. 
Source: U.S. Department of Education (2002).

9. 
Poverty As Sole Factor for Disproportionality
For or Against Causes of
Disproportionality

10. 
Systemic
Variables
Availability of
District
Resources
Individual
Beliefs
School
Disciplinary
Philosophy
Schools
Referral
Process
Policies and
Practices
Inequitable
Academic
Opportunities
For Causes of Disproportionality

11. 

12. 
Recognizing
Disproportionality
 African-American
students who are
perceived as having
challenging and
unmanageable
behaviors referred
more for special
education services due
to emotional
disturbances (ED).
 American
Indiana/Alaska Native
students being labeled
as having disabilities
twice the rate of regular
education students.
(U.S. Department of
Education, 2006)

13. 
Recognizing
Disproportionality (Cont.)
 Asian and Pacific
Islander children less
likely to be identified
for special education
services, but
overrepresented in
gifted and talented
programs.
 English-language
learners (ELL) more
likely to receive special
education programs in
schools with small ELL
population than in
schools with large
populations.
(U.S. Department of
Education, 2006)

14. 
 Systems of Support Teams
 Culturally Responsive Teaching/Assessment
 Professional Developments
 Response to Intervention
 Family and Community Involvement
 Positive Behavior Support Teams
Evidence-Based Practices to
Combat Disproportionality

15. - Frank Zappa

16. 
 Cause of Disproportionality
 Defining Disproportionality
 Types of Disproportionality
 For or Against Causes of Disproportionality
 Recognizing Disproportionality
 Evidence Based Practice for Disproportionality
Summary

17. 
Questions

18. 
 Cross, C. T., & Donovan, M. S. (Eds.). (2002). Minority students in special
 and gifted education. National Academies Press.
 O'Connor, C., & Sonia, D. F. (2006). Race, class, and disproportionality:
 Reevaluating the relationship between poverty and special education
placement. Educational Researcher, 35(6), 6-11. Retrieved from
http://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docvie
w/216903116?accountid=14872
 Skiba, R. J., Poloni-Staudinger, L., Simmons, A. B., Feggins-Azziz, L. R., &
 Choong-Geun, C. (2005). Unproven Links: Can Poverty Explain Ethnic
Disproportionality in Special Education?. Journal Of Special Education, 39(3),
130-144.
 Skiba, R., Simmons, A., Ritter, S., Kohler, K., Henderson, M., & Wu, T.
 (2006). The context of minority disproportionality: Practitioner perspectives on
special education referral. The Teachers College Record, 108(7), 1424-1459.
References

19. 
U.S. Department of Education (2002). Fall 1998 Elementary
and Secondary School Civil Rights Compliance
Report. Retrieved from
http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/data.html
U.S. Department of Education. (2006). 28th Annual report to
congress on the implementation of the individuals with
disabilities education act. Retrieved from
https://www2.ed.gov/about/reports/annual/ose
/2006/parts-b-c/28th-vol-1.pdf
Zappa, F. (n.d.). Personal Quote. Retrieved from
https://www.pinterest.com/cenmichigan/special
education-wisdom/
References