Here you can know how transportation performance is measured

1. ZANZIBAR INSTITUTE OF
FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION
(ZIFA)
GROUP NO. 1
TOPIC: TRANSPORTATION AND DISTRIBUTION
MANAGEMENT.
PRESENTATION: TRANSPORTATION
PERFORMANCE MEASURES
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2. INTRODUCTION
 Transportation: Is the process of moving
goods and people from one place to
another which involve all activities that
facilitate the movement of goods and
people.
 Transportation provides access to
natural res and promotes trade, allowing
a nation to accumulate wealth and power
because it’s a vital to a nation’s
economy.
 Furthermore, transportation consist the
elements such as unit of carriage, the
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3. TRANSPORTATION PERFORMANCE MEASURE
Definition:
 Performance Measurement (PM) is the use of
statistical evidence to determine progress
toward specific defined organization
objectives. This include both evidence of
actual fact, such as measurement pavement
surface smoothness, and measurement of
customer perception such as would be
accomplished through a customer
satisfaction survey (Gunasekaram, Petel et
al, 2001). In service industry such as
transportation, the performance
measurement process starts by defining
precisely the services that the organization
promises to provide, including the quality of
level of service (e.g timeliness, reliability, etc.)
that is to delivered. 9 May 2014 ZIFA 3

4.  PM includes the process of assessing
progress toward achieving
predetermined goals, including
information on the efficiency which
resources are transformed into goods
and services (output), the quality of
those output (how well they are delivered
to clients and extent to which clients are
satisfied ) and out comes ( the result of a
program activity compared to its
intended purpose), and the effectiveness
of government operations in terms of
their specific contributions to program
objectives (Chang and Nojima 2001; Lai,
Ngai et al 2002).
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5.  Transportation performance measures
are particularly useful to periodically
evaluate how a transport system is
performing. They provide a valuable
management tool to correct problems
before they get out of hand. Inclusive
design and accessibility features may
also change over time similar to all
aspects of transport operations and
therefore should be subject to periodic
review. (Gunasekaram and Kabu
2007). 9 May 2014 ZIFA 5

6. OBJECTIVE OF PERFORMANCE MEASURE:
The following are the objectives of performance measures:
 To helps clarity goals direction and
expectation.
 To support strategic business line
planning by linking broads statement of
direction to specific operational output
and outcomes.
 To monitor the operation of program and
make continuous improvement.
 To motivate public servant and to restore
pride within the public services that
making positive contribution.
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7. So when we discuss the performance
measures we all most discuss the following
four (4) aspects:
 Finance:
If we look in finance we mostly concern on how
we can minimize cost and make the value of
economy analysis, in order to deal with
customers on how to minimize cost and provide
fully services to customers with right quality and
quantity.
 Quantity:
The 5Rs of procurement show that right quantity
is an important aspect in ordering and
purchasing process so that the organization
could make sure that they satisfied the
customers on the right quantity they want.
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8.  Productivity:
This is a state on how the performance
measures can be seen by the
productivity they have due to
transportation an organization can order
raw materials at time and can produce
the products which are mostly satisfying
it customers.
 Response time:
This a duration in which a customer’s
products can be sent at a reasonable
time which he/she desire, this enhance
the efficiency of the organization and
maximization of profit.
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9. From the above four aspects that are finance,
productivity, response time and quantity the
transportation performance measures can be
determined and discussed on the following issues:
 Transit Accessibility:
Measures the ability of people to reach destinations
using public transportation. Transit accessibility reflects
the relative convenience of transit as a mode choice. It
can be measured in terms of distance to transit stops or
travel time on transit. Metrics typically emphasize the
availability of transit where people live, where people
work, and on routes that connect the two. Both capital
investments in transit and enhancements to transit
operations can improve transit accessibility. The
location of jobs and housing relative to transit services
also has a major impact on transit accessibility. Higher
transit accessibility can use energy more efficiently,
improve air quality, and make transportation more
affordable.
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10.  Transportation Affordability:
Measures the cost of transportation relative to income.
Affordability captures the ability of transportation system users to
pay for transportation. Whereas measures of transportation cost
capture only the amount of money that transportation system
users pay, affordability puts cost in the context of income and
other expenditures. A more affordable system is one that
consumes a smaller share of users’ incomes.
Transportation investments and compact development patterns
can make transportation more affordable by reducing travel
distances and providing less expensive options such as walking,
bicycling, and transit. Changes in fares or tolls may have other
cost implications for transit riders and motorists. An affordability
measure tracks the financial impact of such actions on
transportation system users.
Because affordability is particularly important for low-income and
disadvantaged groups, this measure is often included in equity
analyses. It can be calculated and compared across income
groups.
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11.  Transit Productivity:
Measures the average number of riders on
transit vehicles. Transit productivity is a
measure of return on investment in the transit
system. It measures how much travelers use
the transit service provided in a region. For
example many local buses in Tanzania travel
with many passengers, suggesting that transit
systems are providing transportation benefits
consistent with their capital and operating costs.
Having more passengers on each bus
generates more revenue for transit agencies
and can result in better air quality and less
congestion. Transit productivity is increased by
more closely matching transit capacity (supply)
with transit demand. 9 May 2014 ZIFA 11

12.  Average Vehicle Occupancy:
Measures the ratio of passengers to vehicles on the roadway
(the average number of people in each vehicle). Average
vehicle occupancy (AVO) (also called average vehicle ridership
or vehicle occupancy rate) captures the number of people
traveling in each vehicle. AVO is a simple indicator, with broad
implications for the sustainability of the transportation system.
A higher AVO indicates that more people are traveling in fewer
vehicles. As a result, the existing roadway capacity can handle
more passenger travel with less congestion. More passengers
per vehicle also means that per passenger emissions are
lower. Finally, a higher AVO suggests a more affordable
transportation system, since sharing a ride is typically cheaper
than driving alone.
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13. IMPORTANCE OF PERFOMANCE MEASURES
The following are the importance of the
performance measures:
 Set goals and standards.
 Detect and correct the problems.
 Manage, describe, and improve
progresses.
 Document accomplishments.
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14. CONCLUTION
Based on the above explanation the
performance measures should be
simple as much as possible,
understandable to all concerned, and
relevant to the most important goals of
the project or agency. Managers
should carefully look at tradeoffs
between the time and cost of
collecting data for performance
indicators, this will result for a certain
organization to improve its
transportation system.9 May 2014 ZIFA 14

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16. THANKS FOR LISTENING
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