2. WHAT IS AN Integrated Circuit (IC)?
• If multiple electronic components are
interconnected on a single chip of
semiconductor material, then that chip is
called as an Integrated Circuit (IC).
• It consists of both active and passive
components.
3. Types of Integrated Circuits
Analog Integrated Circuits:
Integrated circuits that operate over an entire range of continuous
values of the signal amplitude are called as Analog Integrated
Circuits. These are further classified into the two types as discussed
here −
• Linear Integrated Circuits :−
– An analog IC is said to be Linear, if there exists a linear relation
between its voltage and current.
– IC 741, an 8-pin Dual In-line Package (DIP)op-amp, is an example of
Linear IC.
• Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits :−
– An analog IC is said to be Non-Linear, if there exists a non-linear
relation between its voltage and current.
– A Non-Linear IC is also called as Radio Frequency IC.
4. CONTI….
Digital Integrated Circuits:
• If the integrated circuits operate only at a few
pre-defined levels instead of operating for an
entire range of continuous values of the signal
amplitude, then those are called as Digital
Integrated Circuits.
5. COURSE OBJECTIVES
• To introduce the basic building blocks of linear
integrated circuits
• To learn the linear and non-linear applications of
operational amplifiers
• To introduce the theory and applications of
analog multipliers and PLL
• To learn the theory of ADC and DAC
• To introduce the concepts of waveform
generation and introduce some special function
ICs
6. UNIT I
BASICS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
Topics to be discussed:
• Basic building blocks of OP-AMP IC
– Current mirror
– Voltage sources and voltage reference
– Differential amplifier with active loads
• Basic information about op-amps
• internal circuit diagrams of IC 741
• DC and AC performance characteristics
• slew rate
• Open and closed loop configurations
7. UNIT II
APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL
AMPLIFIERS
• Sign Changer, Scale Changer, Phase Shift Circuits
• Voltage Follower, V-to-I and I-to-V converters
• adder, subtractor
• Instrumentation amplifier, Integrator,
Differentiator
• Logarithmic amplifier, Antilogarithmic amplifier
• Comparators, Schmitt trigger, Precision rectifier
• peak detector, clipper and clamper
• Low-pass, high-pass and band-pass Butterworth
filters.
8. UNIT III
ANALOG MULTIPLIER AND PLL
• Analog Multiplier using Emitter Coupled
Transistor Pair
• Gilbert Multiplier cell
• Variable transconductance technique
• analog multiplier ICs and their applications,
Operation of the basic PLL
• Closed loop analysis
• Voltage controlled oscillator
• Monolithic PLL IC 565
• application of PLL
9. UNIT IV
ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO
ANALOG CONVERTERS
• D/A converter
weighted resistor type, R-2 Ladder type, Voltage
Mode and Current-Mode R – 2R Ladder types
• switches for D/A converters
• high speed sample-and-hold circuits
• A/D Converters
Flash type – Successive Approximation type – Single
Slope type – Dual Slope type – A/D Converter using
Voltage-to-Time Conversion – Over-sampling A/D
Converters, Sigma – Delta converters.
10. UNIT V
WAVEFORM GENERATORS AND
SPECIAL FUNCTION ICS• Sine-wave generators, Multivibrators and Triangular wave generator, Saw-
tooth wave generator
• ICL8038 function generator
• Timer IC 555
• IC Voltage regulators
• IC 723 general purpose regulator
• Monolithic switching regulator
• Low Drop – Out(LDO) Regulators
• Switched capacitor filter IC MF10
• Frequency to Voltage and Voltage to Frequency converters
• Audio Power amplifier
• Video Amplifier
• Isolation Amplifier,
• Optocouplers and fibre optic IC.
