Role of Forensic Linguistics in Crime Analysis.pptx
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Role of Forensic Linguistics in Crime Analysis
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TRAP CASES
A trap is a procedure used to catch a public servant accepting a bribe. The complainant files a case stating a public servant demanded a bribe. An investigation is done and if the complaint is genuine, permission is given to lay a trap. For the trap, the complainant is given money coated in phenolphthalein powder to pay the bribe. Officers witness the exchange and arrest the public servant if a phenolphthalein test turns positive, indicating they handled the money. A successful trap provides strong evidence of guilt in corruption cases against public servants.
TMB test
This document describes the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) presumptive test for detecting blood. The TMB test works by catalyzing the peroxidase-like activity of hemoglobin in blood. When heme in blood reacts with TMB in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, it causes TMB to oxidize and turn blue-green. The TMB test can detect blood dilutions up to 1:1000,000 and provides results within 20 seconds. It is a sensitive, easy and economical test for detecting blood, but uses corrosive reagents and lacks specificity for differentiating blood from other substances that may also cause color changes.
Special types of crime scenes Part-2
1) The document discusses the role of forensic experts in investigating mass disasters and terrorist attacks. It covers types of disasters, management of disaster sites, and the roles of forensic pathologists and other experts.
2) Key responsibilities of forensic teams include identifying victims through means like DNA, dental records, and fingerprints. They also work to determine the cause of death and examine disaster sites for clues.
3) An example discussed is the 1993 Mumbai bombings, where RDX explosives were used in vehicles to kill over 100 people across 12 sites. Forensic analysis of debris and other evidence helped investigate the terrorist attacks.
Special types of crime scenes Part-1.pptx
- Crime scene investigation involves collecting and analyzing evidence from the location where a crime occurred. Biological evidence like blood, as well as latent prints, digital evidence, trace evidence and more may be collected.
- The type of evidence collected depends on the crime. For example, a burglary may involve collecting trace evidence and DNA evidence from points of entry and likely contact areas.
- How a crime scene is processed generally follows seven steps: establishing security; documenting the scene; collecting, packaging and preserving evidence. The most probative evidence is sent to forensic laboratories for detailed examination and analysis.
Scope of Cyber forensics
This document discusses the scope of cyber forensics. It defines cyber forensics as the process of extracting digital evidence from cyber crimes while maintaining a documented chain of custody. It describes the types of cyber forensics like network, email, mobile device forensics. It outlines the key steps cyber forensics experts follow: identification, preservation, analysis and documentation of digital evidence found, and presentation in court. Finally, it discusses the importance of cyber forensics in solving cyber and real-world crimes and ensuring integrity of digital evidence.
Principles of fingerprints
This document discusses the principles of fingerprints. It begins by introducing fingerprints, noting that they are unique ridge patterns on fingers that remain unchanged throughout life, making them useful for identification. It then describes the three main fingerprint types - arch, loop, and whorl. The key principles of fingerprints are that they are individual, permanent, universal, and classifiable. Fingerprints are individual due to their unique ridge patterns. They remain permanent from a young age to old age. They are universal across all humans. And their patterns can be classified into categories. The document concludes that these principles make fingerprints forensically significant for identifying criminals and determining a suspect's presence at a crime scene.
porous and non-porous surface
This document discusses the differences between porous and non-porous surfaces for fingerprint development. Fingerprints deposited on non-porous surfaces like glass or plastic do not absorb residues, which can be developed using powder methods or cyanoacrylate fuming. Fingerprints on porous surfaces like paper or cardboard allow residue absorption, requiring chemical methods like ninhydrin or iodine fuming to react with residues below the surface. Key differences are how long residues remain, appropriate development techniques, and advantages/disadvantages of each method for different surface types.
Physical Examination Of Tyre Marks
This document discusses the physical examination of tyre marks in forensic investigations. It describes the different types of tyre marks including yaw marks, scrub marks, and skid marks. It outlines the characteristics and identification process for tyre marks, including width, tread pattern, and circumstances. The document explains that tyre marks can be photographed, casted, or examined at a crime scene and provides their forensic significance in helping to identify vehicles and tracing criminal activity.
Recommended
TRAP CASES
A trap is a procedure used to catch a public servant accepting a bribe. The complainant files a case stating a public servant demanded a bribe. An investigation is done and if the complaint is genuine, permission is given to lay a trap. For the trap, the complainant is given money coated in phenolphthalein powder to pay the bribe. Officers witness the exchange and arrest the public servant if a phenolphthalein test turns positive, indicating they handled the money. A successful trap provides strong evidence of guilt in corruption cases against public servants.
TMB test
This document describes the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) presumptive test for detecting blood. The TMB test works by catalyzing the peroxidase-like activity of hemoglobin in blood. When heme in blood reacts with TMB in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, it causes TMB to oxidize and turn blue-green. The TMB test can detect blood dilutions up to 1:1000,000 and provides results within 20 seconds. It is a sensitive, easy and economical test for detecting blood, but uses corrosive reagents and lacks specificity for differentiating blood from other substances that may also cause color changes.
Special types of crime scenes Part-2
1) The document discusses the role of forensic experts in investigating mass disasters and terrorist attacks. It covers types of disasters, management of disaster sites, and the roles of forensic pathologists and other experts.
2) Key responsibilities of forensic teams include identifying victims through means like DNA, dental records, and fingerprints. They also work to determine the cause of death and examine disaster sites for clues.
3) An example discussed is the 1993 Mumbai bombings, where RDX explosives were used in vehicles to kill over 100 people across 12 sites. Forensic analysis of debris and other evidence helped investigate the terrorist attacks.
Special types of crime scenes Part-1.pptx
- Crime scene investigation involves collecting and analyzing evidence from the location where a crime occurred. Biological evidence like blood, as well as latent prints, digital evidence, trace evidence and more may be collected.
- The type of evidence collected depends on the crime. For example, a burglary may involve collecting trace evidence and DNA evidence from points of entry and likely contact areas.
- How a crime scene is processed generally follows seven steps: establishing security; documenting the scene; collecting, packaging and preserving evidence. The most probative evidence is sent to forensic laboratories for detailed examination and analysis.
Scope of Cyber forensics
This document discusses the scope of cyber forensics. It defines cyber forensics as the process of extracting digital evidence from cyber crimes while maintaining a documented chain of custody. It describes the types of cyber forensics like network, email, mobile device forensics. It outlines the key steps cyber forensics experts follow: identification, preservation, analysis and documentation of digital evidence found, and presentation in court. Finally, it discusses the importance of cyber forensics in solving cyber and real-world crimes and ensuring integrity of digital evidence.
Principles of fingerprints
This document discusses the principles of fingerprints. It begins by introducing fingerprints, noting that they are unique ridge patterns on fingers that remain unchanged throughout life, making them useful for identification. It then describes the three main fingerprint types - arch, loop, and whorl. The key principles of fingerprints are that they are individual, permanent, universal, and classifiable. Fingerprints are individual due to their unique ridge patterns. They remain permanent from a young age to old age. They are universal across all humans. And their patterns can be classified into categories. The document concludes that these principles make fingerprints forensically significant for identifying criminals and determining a suspect's presence at a crime scene.
porous and non-porous surface
This document discusses the differences between porous and non-porous surfaces for fingerprint development. Fingerprints deposited on non-porous surfaces like glass or plastic do not absorb residues, which can be developed using powder methods or cyanoacrylate fuming. Fingerprints on porous surfaces like paper or cardboard allow residue absorption, requiring chemical methods like ninhydrin or iodine fuming to react with residues below the surface. Key differences are how long residues remain, appropriate development techniques, and advantages/disadvantages of each method for different surface types.
Physical Examination Of Tyre Marks
This document discusses the physical examination of tyre marks in forensic investigations. It describes the different types of tyre marks including yaw marks, scrub marks, and skid marks. It outlines the characteristics and identification process for tyre marks, including width, tread pattern, and circumstances. The document explains that tyre marks can be photographed, casted, or examined at a crime scene and provides their forensic significance in helping to identify vehicles and tracing criminal activity.
PAINT EVIDENCE COLLECTION
Paints are very common evidence found in hit and run cases, burglary cases and many other cases. The collection of paint evidence has been explained in this presentation
Microcrystalline Test for drugs
This document discusses microcrystalline testing for drugs. The test identifies specific drugs based on the unique shape and color of crystals formed when a drug sample is mixed with a specific reagent under a microscope. An example is provided where cocaine produces X-shaped crystals when reacted with gold chloride. The test has advantages of being cheap, simple, rapid and sensitive. However, it requires an expert to perform and interpret and can destroy important drug samples.
Introduction to PCR technique
This document introduces the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. It explains that PCR is used to amplify a small segment of DNA across many orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular sequence. The principle of PCR involves denaturing DNA, annealing primers to the DNA, and extending the DNA via polymerase. Key instrumentation is used to perform PCR. The document concludes that PCR has significant forensic applications like identifying human remains and developing genetic fingerprints from crime scene samples.
History OF DNA typing
This document provides an overview of the history of forensic DNA typing. It discusses how in 1980, Ray White described the first polymorphic RFLP marker and in 1985, Alec Jeffreys discovered multilocus VNTR probes. It then outlines some of the major developments in DNA typing techniques between 1985-1998, including the first use of PCR in 1985 and the FBI starting their DNA casework in 1988. The document also provides brief descriptions of the principles, steps, techniques, advantages, disadvantages and applications of DNA typing.
Henry’s 10 digit classification of fingerprint
Henry's 10 digit classification is acceptable by the entire world. Read the ppt to know more about this classification.
GAIT PATTERN ANALYSIS
Gait pattern helps in individualization of a person depending on the pattern of his/her walking. Read the complete presentation to know more.
FORENSIC BIOMETRIC
Biometrics refers to the automatic identification of a person based on physiological or behavioral characteristics. Passwords, PINs, and keys are not very reliable for identification since they can be forgotten, shared, stolen, or easily guessed. Biometric identification uses unique physical traits like fingerprints, iris scans, voice recognition, or hand geometry that cannot be lost or shared to reliably identify individuals. As biometric technology advances, it may replace traditional identification methods and provide more secure access to sensitive information, banking, government systems, and commercial applications.
fingerprint characteristics
This document summarizes the key characteristics of fingerprints. It discusses how fingerprints develop in the womb, the three main fingerprint patterns (arch, loop, and whorl), and the ridge and minutia details that make each fingerprint unique. It also outlines the three main types of fingerprints that can be found at crime scenes: patent prints formed through transfers of colored materials, latent prints through sweat or oil, and plastic prints on pliable surfaces.
Fiber & Examination of fibers
Fibers are associative evidence that can link a suspect to a crime scene based on the principle of exchange. Fibers may be important evidence in crimes involving personal contact and should be collected visually using clean tools or tape lifting and preserved in paper envelopes. Key characteristics of fibers examined include diameter, cross section, color, and location. Analysis methods include microscopy and chemical analysis to determine if a questioned fiber belongs to a known fabric. Fibers can indicate an individual's presence but are not unique like fingerprints or DNA.
ESDA
ESDA is a tool used in questioned document cases. But how it works?
This has been explained in this ppt.
Different branches in forensic biology
Forensic biology is a branch of forensic science but what about different branches of forensic biology
Collection, Identification & Comparison of Lip prints
Lip prints found on the lips can be used for personal identification in forensic investigations. There are several methods for collecting and developing lip prints, including using lipstick, gloss or other materials pressed on the lips. Lip prints are then analyzed by comparing their unique groove patterns and features to known samples using classification systems. While lip prints provide valuable evidence, factors like environmental conditions and individual variations over time can impact identification. Overall, lip prints are a useful forensic tool when collected and examined properly.
Collection of DNA evidence at crime scene
Many evidences found at the crime scene and these have information about DNA. These evidences need to be collected safely from the crime scene.
Collection and preservation of viscera for poison
Viscera is an important evidence in forensic toxicology to find out the poison used to kill a person. But how to preserve this viscera?
Read in this ppt!
classification of lip prints
This document discusses the classification of lip prints in forensic science. There are four main types of lip prints: vertical groove pattern, radial groove pattern, dotted pattern, and branched pattern. Each pattern is further classified into sub-types based on the arrangement of lines, dots, or branches. Lip prints are unique to individuals and can be left at crime scenes, making them a valuable tool for forensic experts to identify suspects or victims by comparing and classifying lip prints.
charge sheet
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
CFSLs in India & their jurisdiction
There are 7 CFSLs in India and there is specific positions in all the FSLs. This has been explained in this ppt.
Biotechnology Tools in Forensic Science
Biotechnology is one of the branch that is contributing in forensic science. There are many tools in biotechnology that helps in solving cases in forensic.
Bailable offence
This document summarizes the differences between bailable and non-bailable offenses. Bailable offenses are those punishable by less than 3 years in prison. The accused has the right to bail, which is granted by the court or police. Non-bailable offenses involve more serious crimes like murder, rape, and kidnapping that are punishable by more than 3 years including life imprisonment. For non-bailable offenses, bail is not a right and is at the court's discretion based on factors like flight risk.
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CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN TẬP VÀ PHÁT TRIỂN CÂU HỎI TRONG ĐỀ MINH HỌA THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
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PAINT EVIDENCE COLLECTION
Paints are very common evidence found in hit and run cases, burglary cases and many other cases. The collection of paint evidence has been explained in this presentation
Microcrystalline Test for drugs
This document discusses microcrystalline testing for drugs. The test identifies specific drugs based on the unique shape and color of crystals formed when a drug sample is mixed with a specific reagent under a microscope. An example is provided where cocaine produces X-shaped crystals when reacted with gold chloride. The test has advantages of being cheap, simple, rapid and sensitive. However, it requires an expert to perform and interpret and can destroy important drug samples.
Introduction to PCR technique
This document introduces the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. It explains that PCR is used to amplify a small segment of DNA across many orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular sequence. The principle of PCR involves denaturing DNA, annealing primers to the DNA, and extending the DNA via polymerase. Key instrumentation is used to perform PCR. The document concludes that PCR has significant forensic applications like identifying human remains and developing genetic fingerprints from crime scene samples.
History OF DNA typing
This document provides an overview of the history of forensic DNA typing. It discusses how in 1980, Ray White described the first polymorphic RFLP marker and in 1985, Alec Jeffreys discovered multilocus VNTR probes. It then outlines some of the major developments in DNA typing techniques between 1985-1998, including the first use of PCR in 1985 and the FBI starting their DNA casework in 1988. The document also provides brief descriptions of the principles, steps, techniques, advantages, disadvantages and applications of DNA typing.
Henry’s 10 digit classification of fingerprint
Henry's 10 digit classification is acceptable by the entire world. Read the ppt to know more about this classification.
GAIT PATTERN ANALYSIS
Gait pattern helps in individualization of a person depending on the pattern of his/her walking. Read the complete presentation to know more.
FORENSIC BIOMETRIC
Biometrics refers to the automatic identification of a person based on physiological or behavioral characteristics. Passwords, PINs, and keys are not very reliable for identification since they can be forgotten, shared, stolen, or easily guessed. Biometric identification uses unique physical traits like fingerprints, iris scans, voice recognition, or hand geometry that cannot be lost or shared to reliably identify individuals. As biometric technology advances, it may replace traditional identification methods and provide more secure access to sensitive information, banking, government systems, and commercial applications.
fingerprint characteristics
This document summarizes the key characteristics of fingerprints. It discusses how fingerprints develop in the womb, the three main fingerprint patterns (arch, loop, and whorl), and the ridge and minutia details that make each fingerprint unique. It also outlines the three main types of fingerprints that can be found at crime scenes: patent prints formed through transfers of colored materials, latent prints through sweat or oil, and plastic prints on pliable surfaces.
Fiber & Examination of fibers
Fibers are associative evidence that can link a suspect to a crime scene based on the principle of exchange. Fibers may be important evidence in crimes involving personal contact and should be collected visually using clean tools or tape lifting and preserved in paper envelopes. Key characteristics of fibers examined include diameter, cross section, color, and location. Analysis methods include microscopy and chemical analysis to determine if a questioned fiber belongs to a known fabric. Fibers can indicate an individual's presence but are not unique like fingerprints or DNA.
ESDA
ESDA is a tool used in questioned document cases. But how it works?
This has been explained in this ppt.
Different branches in forensic biology
Forensic biology is a branch of forensic science but what about different branches of forensic biology
Collection, Identification & Comparison of Lip prints
Lip prints found on the lips can be used for personal identification in forensic investigations. There are several methods for collecting and developing lip prints, including using lipstick, gloss or other materials pressed on the lips. Lip prints are then analyzed by comparing their unique groove patterns and features to known samples using classification systems. While lip prints provide valuable evidence, factors like environmental conditions and individual variations over time can impact identification. Overall, lip prints are a useful forensic tool when collected and examined properly.
Collection of DNA evidence at crime scene
Many evidences found at the crime scene and these have information about DNA. These evidences need to be collected safely from the crime scene.
Collection and preservation of viscera for poison
Viscera is an important evidence in forensic toxicology to find out the poison used to kill a person. But how to preserve this viscera?
Read in this ppt!
classification of lip prints
This document discusses the classification of lip prints in forensic science. There are four main types of lip prints: vertical groove pattern, radial groove pattern, dotted pattern, and branched pattern. Each pattern is further classified into sub-types based on the arrangement of lines, dots, or branches. Lip prints are unique to individuals and can be left at crime scenes, making them a valuable tool for forensic experts to identify suspects or victims by comparing and classifying lip prints.
charge sheet
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
CFSLs in India & their jurisdiction
There are 7 CFSLs in India and there is specific positions in all the FSLs. This has been explained in this ppt.
Biotechnology Tools in Forensic Science
Biotechnology is one of the branch that is contributing in forensic science. There are many tools in biotechnology that helps in solving cases in forensic.
Bailable offence
This document summarizes the differences between bailable and non-bailable offenses. Bailable offenses are those punishable by less than 3 years in prison. The accused has the right to bail, which is granted by the court or police. Non-bailable offenses involve more serious crimes like murder, rape, and kidnapping that are punishable by more than 3 years including life imprisonment. For non-bailable offenses, bail is not a right and is at the court's discretion based on factors like flight risk.
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