This presentation provides an overview of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). It discusses the history and definition of OCB, elements and types of OCB including altruism, courtesy, sportsmanship, conscientiousness and civic virtue. It also covers independent variables that influence OCB at the individual, group and organizational level. The presentation concludes that OCB is critical for organizational functioning but more work is needed to understand how it facilitates performance, and that OCB contributes to learning between individuals which can enhance the organization.
2. CONTENTS
History of OCB
What is OCB ?
Elements of OCB
Independent Variables
Conclusion
3. HISTORY
Dennis organ is generally considered the father of
OCB
Dennis organ expanded upon Katz's (1964) original
work on OCB
Dennis organ's (1988) definition of OCB has
generated a great deal of criticism
4. WHAT IS OCB ?
Individual behaviour that is discretionary, not
directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward
system, and promotes the effective functioning
of the organization
Behaviour in which the employee goes beyond
the call of duty
Behaviour in which the employee goes beyond
the boundaries of their formal job description.
5. ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR
(OCB)
Work behaviour can be seen in terms of in-role and
extra-role behaviour
willingness to engage in extra-role behaviour id
indicative of high OCB
OCB is willingness to go the extra mile
OCB is product of high level of motivation and
commitment
6. CONTD...
high OCB related to high performance level and
less need for hierarchical control
individuals become self driven
also reflective of willingness to be resourceful
beyond immediate role requirement.
8. FIVE TYPES OF OCB
Altruism
Courtesy
Sportsmanship
Conscientiousness
Civic Virtue
9. ALTRUISM
Altruism is defined as the desire to help or otherwise
assist another individual, while not expecting a
reward in compensation for that assistance
A movement that combines both the heart and
the head
10. COURTESY
Courtesy is defined as behaviour which is polite
and considerate towards other people
Courtesy costs nothing, but buys everything
11. SPORTSMANSHIP
Sportsmanship is defined as exhibiting no
behaviour when something does not go as planned
or when something is being perceived as annoying,
difficult, frustrating or otherwise negative.
Sportsmanship, Everybody wins !
12. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
Conscientiousness is defined a behaviour that
suggests a reasonable level of self-control and
discipline, which extends beyond the minimum
requirements expected in that situation.
13. CIVIC VIRTUE
Civic Virtue is defined as behaviour which exhibits
how well a person represents an organization with
which they are associated, and how well that person
supports their organization outside of the official
capacity.
Putting the common good before personal
interest
15. CASE STUDY
Many Japanese corporation have adopted OCB
since 1990’s
Performance based system
Org. Culture + leadership + Org. Justice = Org.
Commitment OCB
What promotes OCB ?
Factors that hinder manifestation of OCB
What can be done to promote OCB ?
16. CONCLUSION
OCB has a critical relation with organizational
functioning. But little work recovers the internal
mechanism by which OCB facilitate organizational
performance and effectiveness.
We propose that OCB, especially, the social,
advocacy, functional participation are focuses on
tasks contribute to internal, explorative,
emergent, and exploitation learning between
individual, and consequently enhance
organizational functioning and performance.