Combustion and flame ppt

2. A chemical process in which a substance reacts with
oxygen to give off heat and light is called
combustion.[or] the process of burning something.
The burning of wood is an example of combustion.
The substances which undergo combustion are
known as combustible substances.
C
O
MBUSTIO
N
FLAME
When something is burnt, a hot luminous gas
emerges out of the substance. This gas is called as
flame. Flames are result of the substances which
vaporizes on burning. flame is produced when the
combustible substance vapourises during burning .

3. IDEAL FUEL-
The fuel,which fulfills all the
requirement for a particular
use is called an ideal fuel.
CALORIFIC VALUE-
KEYWORDS
ACID RAIN-
Acid rains are caused by emissions of sulphur
dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the
water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acid.
The rain that is acid is called acid rain.
GLOBAL WARMING- NUCLEAR REACTION-
Nuclear reactions are processes in which
one or more nuclides are produced from
the collisions between two atomic nuclei or
one atomic nucleus and a subatomic
particle
SMOKE-
Smoke is an example of solid (unburnt
particles) dispersed in a gas (air).
The black colour of smoke is due to
the presence of unburnt carbon
particles in the smoke.
The rise in the average temperature of the
earth’s atmosphere due to the release of
carbon dioxide on combustion of fuels is
termed as global warming.
The amount of heat energy produced on
complete combustion of 1 kg of a fuel is
called its calorific value. The calorific value
of a fuel is expressed in a unit called
kilojoule per kg (kJ/kg).

4. The burning of these fuels releases carbon dioxide, a harmful gas that when
released into the atmosphere causes a greenhouse effect.
Carbon dioxide plays a very significant part in the process of global
warming.
the burning of coal releases another gas called sulfur dioxide that creates
harmful acid rain.
This cause asthma (lung diseases or respiratory disease)
..These fuels also produce carbon monoxide which is a very harmful gas if
consumed for prolong hours it can even lead to death.
When fuels are incompletely burnt, they release carbon monoxide gas into
the atmosphere. This gas is very dangerous as it is poisonous in nature. If we
burn coal in a closed room, then the person sleeping in that room will be
killed by the action of carbon monoxide.
HARMFUL
EFFECTS ON
THE
ENVIRONMENT
DUE TO
BURNING OF
FUELS

5. INFLAMMABLE
SUBSTANCES
The substances, which have very low
ignition temperature and can easily
catch fire with a flame are known as
inflammable substances. Examples:
diesel, LPG, acetone.
DEFORESTATION
Deforestation, the clearing or thinning of
forests by humans. ... In the practice of
clear-cutting, all the trees are removed
from the land, which completely destroys
the forest.
KEYWORDS
IGNITION TEMPERATURE
The lowest temperature at which a
combustible substance catches fire
when heated in air is called its
ignition temperature.

7. ADVANTAGES OF
FOSSIL FUELS
Fossil fuels are both cheap and reliable.
Fossil fuels have become safer over time.
Fossil fuels still have plenty of availability.
Fossil fuels are a technology that is globally
developed.
Fossil fuels contribute to the overall welfare of an
economy.
DISADVANTAGES OF
FOSSIL FUELS
Fossil fuels are a finite resource.
Fossil fuels are often cheap because of subsidies.
Fossil fuels combust to create an acidic
environment.
Fossil fuels can damage the environment through
human error.
Fossil fuels can be dangerous to harvest.

8. FIREExtinguisher
Soda - acid fire extinguisher: Carbon dioxide
liberated by the reaction of sulphuric acid with
sodium bicarbonate solution comes out with a
stream of liquid water at high pressure.Water
puts off the fire by lowering the temperature of
the combustible material below its ignition
temperature and carbon dioxide cut off the
supply of air to the combustible substance.

9. The outermost zone: The
outermost zone also known as
non-luminous zone is the zone of
complete combustion. The ample
presence of oxygen (or air) aids in
complete combustion. It is the
hottest zone of the candle flame
and does not produce much light.
It is blue in colour.
OUTERMOST
ZONE The middle zone also known
as luminous zone is the
zone which is moderately
hot with limited oxygen
supply. Hence, the fuel
vapours burn partially and
produce carbon particles.
These particles then leave
the flame as smoke and
soot. This zone is the major
part of the flame. The
colour of this zone is yellow.
MIDDLEMOST
ZONE
The innermost zone is the zone which is formed
just around the wick of the candle flame as the
candle burns. It is also known as dark zone of the
flame. It consists of hot, unburnt vapours of the
combustible material. There is no air present
here. It is the least hot of all the zanes.
INNERMOST
ZONE
THREE ZONES OF FLAME

10. The fire triangle, or combustion triangle, is the three components needed to ignite and sustain a
fire. The three ingredients of a fire triangle are; heat, fuel and oxygen. If just one of these
components is removed, the fire triangle will collapse and the fire will be extinguished.

11. SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION-
The combustion reaction which occur
on its own(without the help of any
external heat)is called Spontaneous
combustion.It place at room
temperature. The heat required for
spontaneous combustion is produced
inside the substance by its slow
oxidation. Spontaneous combustion
take place at room temperature.
TYPES OF COMBUSTION
RAPID COMBUSTION-
Rapid combustion is a form of
combustion in which large amounts
of heat and light energy are released.
This often occurs as a fire. This is
used in a form of machinery, such as
internal combustion engines, and in
thermobaric weapons.

12. EXPLOSION-
When a sudden reaction takes
place with the release of heat
and light and evolution of a
large amount of gas takes
place it is called an explosion.
SLOW COMBUSTION-
Slow combustion reactions are
combustion reactions that occur at
relatively low temperatures. This
type of reaction actually occurs
inside of our bodies. Cellular
respiration is a slow combustion
reaction; cellular respiration involves
the burning of glucose

13. SOLID FUELS
Solid fuel refers to various forms of solid
material that can be burnt to release
energy, providing heat and light through
the process of combustion.EG:wood,
charcoal,
LIQUID FUELS
Solid fuel refers to various forms of solid
material that can be burnt to release
energy, providing heat and light through
the process of combustion.
GASEOUS FUEL
Gaseous fuel means a material used for
combustion which is in the gaseous state at
standard atmospheric temperature and pressure
conditions. ... Gaseous fuel includes, but is not
limited to, natural gas, process gas, landfill gas,
coal derived gas, refinery gas, and biogas.
FUEL :THE SUBSTANCES WHICH ON BURNING PRODUCE HEAT ENERGY ARE CALLED FUELS

14. HOW CAN WE
CONTROL
FIRE
The most common fire extinguisher is water. ... For fires
involving electrical equipment and inflammable materials
like petrol, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the best extinguisher.
CO2, being heavier than oxygen, covers the fire like a
blanket. Since the contact between the fuel and oxygen
is cut off, the fire is controlled.fire can be controlled by
removing one or more of these requirements of fire
control.
The fire extinguisher also try to cut off the supply of air or
bring down the temperature of the fuel or both, to
control the fire. The combustible substance as such
cannot be eliminated in most of the cases from the place
of fire.

15. *I WILL CALL THE NAME OR YOU CAN RAISE YOUR HAND
*NO MASS ANSWERING

16. MCQ' S
Which one of the
following gases
is used in
combustion?
QUESTION 1
QUIZ TIME
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbondioxide
1
2
3
4

17. Which of the
following is not a
fossil fuel?
QUESTION 2
QUIZ TIME
Petroluem
Natural gas
Water gas
1
2
3
4
Coal

18. Acid rain
contains mainly-
QUESTION 3
QUIZ TIME
oxygen and nitrogen gas
fluorine and chlorine gas
magnesium oxide
nitrogen oxide and sulphur
dioxide
1
2
3
4

19. Calorific value of
a fuel is
expressed in
QUESTION 4
QUIZ TIME
kilojoule per kilogram
kilojoule per gram
joule per milligram
kilojoule per milligram
1
2
3
4

20. A temperature at
which the
substance burns
is called
QUESTION 5
QUIZ TIME
melting
boiling temperature
kindling temperature
evaporation
1
2
3
4

21. FILL IN THE BLANKS
The substances, which burn in air, are
called ...............
QUIZ TIME
Combustible
QUESTION 1
Flame

22. ………… is essential for combustion.
QUESTION 2
QUIZ TIME
Nitrogen
Oxygen[in air]

23. TRUE
FALSE
Sun produces heat
and light because
of combustion.
QUESTION 1
QUIZ TIME
or

24. Soda acid fire
extinguisher
contains sodium
bicarbonate + dil.
Sulphuric acid
QUESTION 2
TRUE
FALSE
QUIZ TIME
or

25. The fuel can be
only liquid in
nature
QUESTION 3
TRUE
FALSE
QUIZ TIME
or

26. QUIZ TIME
SHORT TYPE
QUESTIONS
1. Name an ideal fuel.
2. What is deforestation?
3. What is Combustion?
4. What is flame?
5. Give two examples each of solid fuels, liquid fuels and gaseous fuels.

27. THANK YOU
HOPE YOU ALL LEARNT SOMETHING
BY MITHUN