In this slide you will what is garnet group of mineral and how they are formed and their chemical and physical properties and their structure and composition and many alot of other thing in this slide. I hope that all of you are like

1. N A M E : M U H A M M A D R A F AY
P R E S E N T E D B Y : M U H A M M A D
R A F AY
D E P A R T M E N T O F A P P L I E D
G E O L O G Y
G A R N E T G R O U P O F M I N E R A L
I N S T I T U T E : C O M S A T
A B B A T A B A D

2. CONTENT
INTRODUCTION CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION OF GARNET STRUCTURE
CLASSIFICATION PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OCCURRENCE
USES CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
GARNET IS A GROUP OF SIX MINERALS WHICH ARE
ISOMORPHOUS IN NATURE AND NEVER OCCUR
PURE AS REPRESENTED BY THEIR CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION.IT IS A HARD SILICATE MINERAL
WHICH OCCURS IN MANY ROCKS BUT IT IS
ESPECIALLY COMMON IN SOME METAMORPHIC
ROCK LIKE SCHIST. THE GARNETS VARY ONLY
SLIGHTLY IN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOME OF
THE MINERALS MAY BE SO SIMILAR THAT THEY
ARE INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM ONE ANOTHER
WITHOUT A X-RAY ANALYSIS

4. STRUCTURE OF GARNET:

5. THE COMMON GARNETS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO
TWO SUBGROUPS:
GROUP 1: GARNETS CONTAINING ALUMINUM
(AL) AS THEIR SECOND ELEMENT.
THESE INCLUDE PYROPE, ALMANDINE,
AND SPESSARTINE. ("PYRALSPITE")
GROUP 2: GARNETS CONTAINING CALCIUM (CA)
AS THEIR FIRST ELEMENT.
THESE INCLUDE UVAROVITE, GROSSULAR,
AND ANDRADITE. ("UGRANDITE")

6. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION:
THE GARNET GROUP IS COMPOSED OF SEVERAL MINERALS
WITH RELATED CHEMICAL FORMULAS. THE GENERIC
FORMULA FOR THE COMMON GARNETS IS:
X2+
3Y3+
2SI3O12
X REPRESENTS CA, FE2+, MN, OR MG
Y REPRESENTS AL, CR, OR FE3+
A MORE COMPREHENSIVE LIST CAN BE FOUND IN THE CHEMICAL
FORMULA OF GARNET.
THE CHEMICAL FORMULA FOR THE MAIN INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS
OF THE GARNET GROUP ARE:
PYROPE: MG3AL2SI3O12
ALMANDINE: FE2+
3AL2SI3O12
SPESSARTINE: MN3AL2SI3O12
GROSSULAR: CA3AL2SI3O12
ANDRADITE: CA3FE3+
2SI3O12
UVAROVITE: CA3CR2SI3O12

7. COMPOSITION:
PYROPE: MAGNESIUM ALUMINUM SILICATE
ALMANDINE: IRON ALUMINUM SILICATE
SPESSARTINE: MANGANESE ALUMINUM SILICATE
GROSSULAR: CALCIUM ALUMINUM SILICATE
ANDRADITE: CALCIUM IRON SILICATE
UVAROVITE: CALCIUM CHROMIUM SILICATE
COLOR:
RED, BROWN, BLACK, GREEN, YELLOW, ORANGE, PINK,
WHITE, AND COLORLESS. (GARNETS COME IN ALL COLORS
WITH THE EXCEPTION OF BLUISH SHADES.) MASSIVE
SPECIMENS FROM CERTAIN LOCALITIES CAN BE
MULTICOLORED WHITE, PINK, AND/OR LIGHT GREEN.
STREAK: COLORLESS

8. HARDNESS:6.5 - 8.0
CRYSTAL SYSTEM: ISOMETRIC
Crystal Forms
and Aggregates
In well-formed,
distinct, dodecahedral and trapezohedral crysta
ls. Also in compact crystal
groupings, grainy, massive, as rounded crystals,
and as groups of small crystals.
Transparency Transparent to opaque
Specific Gravity 3.5 - 4.3
Luster Vitreous, adamantine, dull
Cleavage None
Fracture Conchoidal to uneven
Tenacity Brittle
In Group Silicates; Nesosilicates; Garnet Group
Striking Features Crystal forms and hardness
Rock Type Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
Popularity (1-4) 1
Prevalence (1-3) 1
Demand (1-3) 1

9. S T R U C U T U R E O F
G A R N E T:
The crystal structure of
garnet showing its framework
like structure of octahedra and
tetrahedra. In the
cubic structures, all oxygens are
identical and are each bonded
to one tetrahedron and one
octahedron and to two of the
divalent dodecahedral sites
(circles). The configuration of
the array is such that garnets
are isometric (cubic).

10. In the structure of garnet group
of mineral the structure of
garnet group of mineral is
octahedral, tetrahedral and the
purple dot in the structure of
garnet show SILICON, and
orange dot show OXYGEN,
while white dot show B CATION,
and yellow dot show A
CATION.

11. CLASSIFICATION
MAINLY THERE ARE TWO SERIES:
1) PYRALPSITE
A) PYROPE - MG3AL2(SIO4)3
B) ALMANDINE - FE3AL2(SIO4)3
C) SPESSARTINE – MN3AL2(SIO4)3
2) UGRANDITE
A) UVAROVITE - CA3CR2(SIO4)3
B) GROSSULARITE – CA3AL2(SIO4)3
C) ANDRADITE - CA3FE2(SIO4)3

13. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1) COLOUR :
RED, BROWN, BLACK, GREEN,YELLOW
ORANGE, PINK, WHITE
2) STREAK: COLOURLESS
3) LUSTER: RESINOUS, DULL, VITREOUS
4) CLEAVAGE : ABSENT
5) FRACTURE : CONCHOIDAL TO UNEVEN
6) HARDNESS : 7
7) SPECIFIC GRAVITY : HIGH
8) TRANSPARENCY: TRANSPARENT TO
TRANSLUCENT
9) HABIT : EUHEDRAL TO SUBHEDRAL

14. OPTICAL PROPERTY OF MINERAL:

15. GARNET OCCURANCE:

16. USES OF GARNET:
GARNET ABRASIVES
-THE FIRST INDUSTRIAL USE OF GARNET WAS AS AN
ABRASIVE. THAT ALLOWS IT TO BE USED AS AN
EFFECTIVE ABRASIVE IN MANY TYPES OF
MANUFACTURING.
WATER JET CUTTING - A MACHINE KNOWN AS A
WATER JET CUTTER PRODUCES A HIGH-PRESSURE
JET OF WATER WITH ENTRAINED ABRASIVE
GRANULES OF GARNET WHICH IS USED IN CUTTING
METALS, STONES ETC.

17. GARNET USED AS ABBARASIVE
AND WATER JET CUTTING

18. ABRASIVE BLASTING
- GARNET GRANULES ARE ALSO USED IN
ABRASIVE BLASTING TO SMOOTH, CLEAN, OR
TO REMOVE OXIDATION PRODUCTS FROM
METALS, BRICK, STONE, AND OTHER
MATERIALS.

19. FILTRATION
-GARNET GRANULES ARE OFTEN USED AS A
FILTER MEDIA. SMALL GARNET PARTICLES ARE
USED TO FILL A CONTAINER THROUGH WHICH
A LIQUID FLOWS.
GEMSTONE
- GARNET IS USED AS GEMSTONES DUE TO ITS
WIDE VARIETY OF COLOURS, LUSTRE AND
HARDNESS.
GARNET AS A GEOLOGICAL INDICATOR
MINERAL- IT IS AN INDICATOR MINERAL FOR
PROSPECTING DIAMOND.

20. RATIO OF GARNET
MINERAL USED

21. GARNET PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
THE MOST COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED MINERALS IN
THE GARNET GROUP INCLUDE ALMANDINE, PYROPE,
SPESSARTINE, ANDRADITE, GROSSULAR, AND
UVAROVITE. THEY ALL HAVE A VITREOUS LUSTER, A
TRANSPARENT-TO-TRANSLUCENT DIAPHANEITY, A
BRITTLE TENACITY, AND A LACK OF CLEAVAGE. THEY
CAN BE FOUND AS INDIVIDUAL CRYSTALS, STREAM-
WORN PEBBLES, GRANULAR AGGREGATES, AND
MASSIVE OCCURRENCES. THEIR CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION, SPECIFIC GRAVITY, HARDNESS, AND
COLORS ARE LISTED BELOW.

22. Mineral Composition Specific Gravity Hardness Colors
Almandine Fe3Al2(SiO4)3 4.20 7 – 7.5 red, brown
Pyrope Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 3.56 7 – 7.5 red to purple
Spessartine Mn3Al2(SiO4)3 4.18 6.5 – 7.5
orange to red to
brown
Andradite Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3 3.90 6.5 – 7
green, yellow,
black
Grossular Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 3.57 6.5 – 7.5
green, yellow, red,
pink, clear
Uvarovite Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3 3.85 6.5 – 7 green
Garnet Minerals Types

23. GARNET IS A COMMON MINERAL IN SKARNS.
SKARNS ARE METAMORPHIC ROCKS THAT HAVE
BEEN CHEMICALLY AND MINERALOGICALLY
ALTERED BY METASOMATISM. IN THE
METASOMATISM PROCESS, HOT, CHEMICALLY
ACTIVE FLUIDS FLOW THROUGH THE ROCKS TO
CAUSE RECRYSTALLIZATION AND
COMPOSITIONAL CHANGE. SKARNS ARE
USUALLY RICH IN GARNET, PYROXENE
MINERALS, CARBONATE MINERALS,
AND QUARTZ

24. GARNET IN IGNEOUS ROCKS:
GARNET OFTEN OCCURS AS AN ACCESSORY MINERAL
IN IGNEOUS ROCKS SUCH AS GRANITE. MANY
PEOPLE ARE FAMILIAR WITH ALMANDINE GARNET
BECAUSE IT IS SOMETIMES SEEN AS DARK RED
CRYSTALS IN THE IGNEOUS ROCKS USED AS GRANITE
COUNTERTOPS. SPESSARTINE IS AN ORANGE GARNET
FOUND AS CRYSTALS IN GRANITE PEGMATITES.
PYROPE IS A RED GARNET THAT IS BROUGHT TO
EARTH'S SURFACE IN PIECES OF PERIDOTITE THAT
WERE TORN FROM THE MANTLE DURING DEEP-
SOURCE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS. GARNET IS ALSO
FOUND IN BASALTIC LAVA FLOWS

25. CONCLUSION GARNET GROUP OF
MINERALS IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT
GROUP OF MINERALS.
SINCE THEY ARE FOUND IN WIDE
VARIETY OF COLOURS, THEY ARE ALSO
USED AS GEMSTONES.
GARNET GROUP OF MINERALS ARE ALSO
ABRASIVES AND THUS HAVE VARIOUS
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

26. THANK YOU
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