![Introduction
Origin and name
Scapolite [skapos,Greek] meaning of scapos is stalk, that’s mean it’s common,
woody appreance,
Scapolite are metamorphic minerals it’s framework silicate, mineral formula
like feldspar group.
The structure consists four members rings of Si/Al Tetrahedra, that are linked to
form chain to the c axis scapolite forms a solid solution.
Mineral of solid solution is Meionite and Marialite.
Meionite Ca(Al2Si2O3)3COSO4
Marialite Na4(AlSi3O8)3Cl
Mineral formula M4(T12O24)A, where M= Na,K,Ca,Sr,Ba,Fe²+,
T=Si,Al,P4,and A=Cl,CO3,SO4+minor Br
Scapolite:
-](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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mineralogy and crystallography
- 1. Mineralogy and crystallography Term paper Scapolite and Sodalite Presented by VIPUL KUMAR Reg.No. 20mscegs25
- 2. Introduction Origin and name Scapolite [skapos,Greek] meaning of scapos is stalk, that’s mean it’s common, woody appreance, Scapolite are metamorphic minerals it’s framework silicate, mineral formula like feldspar group. The structure consists four members rings of Si/Al Tetrahedra, that are linked to form chain to the c axis scapolite forms a solid solution. Mineral of solid solution is Meionite and Marialite. Meionite Ca(Al2Si2O3)3COSO4 Marialite Na4(AlSi3O8)3Cl Mineral formula M4(T12O24)A, where M= Na,K,Ca,Sr,Ba,Fe²+, T=Si,Al,P4,and A=Cl,CO3,SO4+minor Br Scapolite: -
- 3. Physical and optical properties of Scapolite Physical properties Chemical formula (Na,Ca)₄(Al,Si)₃Si₆O₂₄ )(Cl,CO₃) Colour White, Grey, Greenish Luster Vitreous Form/habit Bladed Hardness 5-6 Cleavage 2 set clevage Fracture Distinct Specific gravity 2.50-2.78 Optical characteristics Pleochroism No Pleochroism Color in thin section Colorless Relief Low to Modrate Extintion Parallel Isotropic Isotropic Optic sign Uniaxial negative Birefringence 0.004-0.038
- 4. Chemistry Scapolite forms a solid solution series extending from Meionite and Marialite. The substitution scheme is coupled with Na+ Si⁴+ substituting for Ca²+ +Al³+ , or Na+ Cl- substituting for Ca²+ , CO3 ²- , SO⁴ - or OH- may substitute for CO3 ²- or Cl- Oxide Wt % of oxide Wt % of elements At. wt. of elements apfu Sio2 47.95 22.41183 28.0855 0.797985793 Al2 O3 29.06 15.381458 26.98154 0.570073391 Cao 12.74 9.105278 40.08 0.227177595 Na2 O 7.07 5.245233 22.98977 0.228155088 Cl 35.43
- 5. Structure
- 6. Crystal System Tetragonal Dipyramidal Point Group 4/m Space Group P 4/m Unit Cell Parameters a:c a=12.05 Ao c = 7.75 Ao Z(no. of formula unit cell) 2 Density 2.65 Structure
- 7. X-ray diffraction In x-ray Powder diffraction Method we mainly use the Bragg’s equation to calculate the “d” means the interplane spacings.
- 8. X-ray diffraction of meionite If we interprets the graph then the highest peak shows the occurrence of mineral. The graph is in between the intensity or counts with the 2ϴ angle. The smaller the ϴ value the larger will be the interplane spacing.
- 9. Raman spectrum of meionite
- 10. Occurren ce:- • Sodalite is found in both cantact and regional metamorphic rock derived from calcareous sediment, or from gabbroic or similar rock. • In skarn deposit and marble derived from calcareous sediment • Scapolite is often associated with calcite and calc- silicate mineral such as titanite, garnet, diopside. • Use Scapolite has no industrial uses, but colourless crystal have been used as gemstones. • Locality Andhra Pradesh, Assam ( east kubi), Rajasthan Ajmer district, Tamil Nadu (Karur district)
- 11. It is a gemstone variety of mineral. It’s tetrahedra framework silicate, the tetrahedra contain the Al ³+ and Si⁴+ in an alternating pattern . The cl- anions each surrounded by four Na+ captions, Sodalite:-
- 12. Physical and optical properties of Sodalite Physical properties Chemical formula Na₈Al₆Si₆O₂₄ Cl₂ Colour White, Grey, Yellow, Pink Luster Vitreous Streak White Hardness 5.5-6 Cleavage Poor cleavage, 110 Fracture conchoidal fracture Specific gravity 2.2 to 2.4 Optical characteristics Pleochroism No Pleochroism Color in thin section Colorless Relief Low to Modrate Isotropic Isotropic
- 13. Chemistry:- Sodalite is a member of the sodalite group which also includes Nosean(Na8 Al6 Si6 O24 SO4 ) and haüyne it is a variety of lazurite, which is contain Cl and S²- substitute for SO4 ²-. Oxide Wt % of oxide Wt % of elements At. wt. of elements apfu Sio2 37.2 17.38728 28.0855 0.619083869 Al2 O3 31.56 16.704708 26.98154 0.619116181 Na2 O 25.58 18.977802 22.98977 0.825488989
- 15. Crystal System Isometric hexa tetrahedral Point Group bar 4 3m Space Group P bar 4 3m Unit Cell Parameters a= 8.876 Ao b= 8.876 Ao c= 8.876 Ao Z(no. of formula unit cell) 1 Density 2.32 Structure: -
- 16. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectrum
- 17. Occurren ce:- • Members of the sodalite group are found in silicon- deficient alkali- rich igneous rocks. Plutonic igneous rocks such as syenite are more likely to contain sodalite. • Both sodalite and lazurite may be found in contact metamorphosed carbonate rocks. • It’s owes its blue colour to the lazurite. When polished, lapis lazuli can be strikingly beautiful, particularly if it contains disseminated pyrite. • Uses- the blue colour of sodalite bearing rocks It valuable as dimensions stone used to face building and for other decorative purposes. • Locality- Nongcharam-Darugiri area, East Garo Hills District, Garo Hills Division, Meghalaya, Guwahati Assam
- 18. Reference :- •Introduction to Mineralogy: William D Nesse University of Northern Colorado • Introduction to Optical Mineralogy : William D Nesse University of Northern Colorado •Mineralogy: Dexter Perkins •https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291518180 •http://webmineral.com/data/Sodalite.shtml#.YDWyrR7hU0M •http://webmineral.com/data/Scapolite.shtml#.YDZZ-B7hU0N •https://www.mindat.org/min-3701.html
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