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1. organists
personalities
flirtatiously
contradictorily
countrified
friendliest
Identify the SUFFIXES in each of the given words.
{-ist} {-s}
{-al} {-ity} {-es}
{-ation} {-ous} {-ly}
{-ory} {-ly}
{-fy} {-ed}
{-ly} {-est}

3. • (free morpheme): like (v.)
+ suffix (bound morpheme) -s = likes (v.)
• Lexical item: like (v.)
+ suffix –able = likeable (a.)
+ prefix un- =unlikeable (a.)= not likeable
+ suffix –ness = unlikeableness (n)
INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY
DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY

5. • concerned with the way morphemes are connected to existing
lexical forms as affixes. They create new words out of existing
words or morphemes by their addition.
• We distinguish affixes in two principal types:
1. Prefixes - attached at the beginning of a lexical item or base-
morpheme. All prefixes are derivational in English.
Ex: un-, pre-, post-, dis, im-, etc.
2. Suffixes – attached at the end of a lexical item. Most derivational
suffixes regulate each the syntactic category and meaning.
Ex: -age, -ing, -ful, -able, -ness, -hood, -ly, etc.
DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES

6. DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES
Class-changing derivational affixes
Class-maintaining derivational affixes
Change the word class of the word to which they are attached
Do NOT change the word class of the word to
which they are attached (usually prefixes)

7. Class-changing derivational affixes
n --> a v --> n a --> adv n --> v
boy (n) + -ish
= boyish
love (n) + -ly
= lovely
clear (v) + -ance
= clearance
move(v) + -ment
= movement
exact + -ly
quick + -ly
beauty(n) + -fy
= beautify
vaccine + -ate
= vaccinate

8. •Lexical item: like (a.) = similar
+ suffix –ness = likeness (n.)
+ suffix –ly = likely (a.)= probable / (adv.) probably
+ suffix –hood =likelihood (n.)= probability
+ prefix un- =unlikelihood (n.)= improbability
Class-changing derivational affixes
Class-
maintaining
derivational
affixes

9. INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY
the process of adding an affix to a word or changing it in some
other way according to the rules of the grammar of a language.
NOUN INFLECTION

10. •5. The suffix –s functions in the marking of the plural of
nouns:
Ex: dog – dogs
•6. The suffix –s functions as a possessive marker:
Ex: Laura – Laura’s book. / Mothers - Mothers’ children
NOUN INFLECTION

11. • 1. The suffix –s functions in the Present Simple as the third person
marking of the verb : to work – he work-s
• 2. The suffix –ed functions in the Past Simple as the past tense
marker in regular verbs: to love – lov-ed
• 3. The suffixes –ed (irregular verbs) and –en (Past Participle)
function in the marking of the past partciple and, in general, in the
marking of the perfect aspect:
To study - studied - studied / To eat - ate - eaten
• 4. The suffix –ing functions in the marking of the present participle,
the gerund and in the marking of the continuous aspect:
To eat – eating / To study - studying

12. 1. The suffix –er functions as comparative marker:
quick – quicker
2. The suffix –est functions as superlative marker:
quick - quickest

16. 1. (has) proven
2. girl’s
3. prearrange
4. jumping (V)
5. jumping (N)
6. neighborhood
7. imperfect
Say whether the highlighted affixes are inflectional or derivational
inflectional
inflectional
derivational
inflectional
derivational
derivational
derivational

18. 1. -ing, termin-, -ate
2. -er, -s, mor-, -al, -ize
3. province, -s, -ism, -ial
4. -ity, marry, -age, -able
5. -dom, -ster, gang
6. -ly, grue, -some
7. -ly, -tion, -ate, affect
Make each into a word containing a base and suffixes
terminating
moralizers
provincialisms
marriageability
gangsterdom
gruesomely
affectionately