These slides provide a great knowledge about biomining, its types and its steps. These slides also provide the concise information about future of biomining.

1. Group partners:
M Danish-15
Umair Asghar-17
Qamar Abbas-19

2. Mining
Mining techniques
Biomining
Microbes involve in biomining
Countries using biomining technique
Steps of biomining
Advantages of biomining

3.  Mining refers to the extraction of the valuable
things or elements.
 These things maybe organic or inorganic.
 The extraction can be takes place through
many processes.

4. The extraction of valuable elements
or things (mining) can be takes
place by two types of techniques:
•Non-Biological technique
•Biological technique

5. The traditional methods of mining
are mainly based on two techniques:
Temperature
Assisted
Chemical Means

6.  This technique also consist on two
procedures:
i. Direct Heat procedure
ii. Steam Assisted procedure
 Direct Heat procedure:
The dry heat procedure can be assisted at
extreme temperature (40°C to 60°C).
 Steam Assisted procedure:
In this procedure steam is used to extract
valuable things or elements.

7.  This technique involves the following
technique:
• Biomining
1) Bioleaching
2) Bio-oxidation
• Biodegradation
• Bioremediation
• Bioextraction

8.  Biomining is biologically assisted approach to
recover the valuable elements from rocks,
ores and reserviors using number of
biological or microbial cultures.
 Biomining is also known as microbial mining.
 It is an in situ procedure.
 In situ mean it is on site experimentation (in
its original position).
 In this, microorganisms are used to leach out
the minerals, rather than traditional methods.

10.  Iron and sulfur-oxidizing microbes are used to
release occluded copper, gold and uranium from
mineral sulphides.
 Some microbes produce acids called bioacids.
 Acidithiobacillus or leptospirillum ferrooxidans
produce acids.
 These acids oxidize or reduce the metals or other
elements into solublize form.
 Pyrococcus furiosus and Pyrobaculum islandicum
are iron and sulfur oxidizer.
 Pyrococcus species were shown to reduce gold
chloride to insoluble gold.

12.  South Africa
 Brazil
 Australia
And other several countries are using
biomining techniques now a days.

13. 1). Feasibility
report & Site
selection
2). Heap
formation
3). Microbial &
culture dumping
4). Incubation &
Maintenance
5). Recovery of
metalselements

14. 1) Geological Area
2) Dimension of Area
3) Importance & application of metals
4) Soil enrichment analysis
5) Cost of benefit ratio
6) Feasibility of suitable technique
The phase is also called as documentation.

15.  Heap contents are formed on the nylon sheet.
 Water showering system is places to sustain
environmental condition.
 A collecting bin is attached to it for the
collection of leaching contents.
 Biomining is carried out by two processes:
 Bioleaching:
It is the extraction of desirable elements.
 Bio-oxidation:
It is the extraction of non-desirable elements.

17.  In this step microbes are used.
 Microbes are dumped on the heap contents
for the extraction of valuable elements.

18.  There is maintenance of cultures.
 Mesophiles are used that bear temperature
(15°C to 40°C).
 They produce bioacids, biosurfactants,
catalyst.

19.  It is a downstream procedure.
 Primary and secondary metabolites are produced.
 Primary Metabolites:
The metabolites that are produced and utilized by
cell.
For example; enzymes, hormones, signaling
peptides.
 Secondary Metabolites:
The metabolites that are produced and cannot be
utilized by cell.
For example; toxins, antibiotics, organic acid.

20.  After the recovery of metabolites the process
of purification occurs.
 Purification:
Purification is the process of cleaning by
getting rid of impurities.
After purification we get our valuable elements
from ores, rocks and reserviors in the pure
form.

21.  It provides a high efficiency and low cost
extraction process.
 Improved rate of metal recovery
 A self managing process
 Environmental friendly
 Requires low operator skills
 Easier to get permits
 Appropriate to recovering a wide spectrum of
metals.

22.  Biomining could have a bright future in the
mining industry.
For example:
The need for the treatment of refractory gold
concentrates is increasing, as the easy to
treat oxides ores are being depleted.
For this reason, it is believed that biomining
will continue to be one of the most important
technologies for the treatment of refractory
gold ores and will only improve over time.

23. THANK YOU