This slide provides the limit state equation for steel design. Thank You.

2. Topic
Steel Design –Limit State of Tension Member

3. Serviceable Limit State
𝐿
𝑟
≤ 300
L = Length of Tension Member
r= Radius of Gyration

4. Ultimate Limit State
 Yielding in Gross Section
 Rupture in Net Section

5. Yielding in Gross Section
𝑇𝑟 = 𝜑 ∗ 𝐴𝑔 ∗ 𝐹𝑦
Ag= Area of Gross Section
Fy= Yield Stress
φ = performance factor or reduction factor

6. Rupture in Net Section
𝑇𝑟 = 𝜑𝑢 ∗ 𝐴𝑛𝑒 ∗ 𝐹𝑢
Tr = Tensile Resistance
Ane= Effective Net Section Area = U *An
An = Net Section Area
φu = Performance Factor

7. Block Shear Failure
 Combination of Tension and Shear
𝑇𝑟 = 𝜑𝑢 𝑈𝑡 ∗ 𝐴𝑛 ∗ 𝐹𝑢 + 0.6 ∗ 𝐴𝑔𝑣 ∗
𝐹𝑦 + 𝐹𝑢
2
An = Net Area in tension
Agv= Gross Area in shear

8. Thank You from
5 Minutes Structure